隧道及井巷工程超前探测模拟及其偏移技术研究
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摘要
隧道及井巷工程中前方地质构造超前探测是一项技术难题,目前国内在基于反射波法探测方面开展了大量的应用性研究工作,但较少进行探测方法布置及数据处理技术的研究,在实际工程探测中未取得较为理想的效果。利用多炮检反射波观测系统,通过水槽超声波试验模拟隧道及井巷掘进过程中可能遇到的不同地质条件,进行反射波超前数据采集,并实现了对数据绕射扫描偏移方法处理。探测模拟结果表明,多炮检反射波观测系统对不同地质条件产生的波阻抗差异具有明显的反应,其偏移结果与实际界面位置相吻合,但多层介质探测时对后续界面的分辨率降低。因此必须进一步完善三维多分量立体数据的采集与波动方程数据偏移方法技术的研究,增强对隧道及井巷工程前方复杂地质构造的探测能力。
The detection and forecasting for geological structure ahead of the tunnel and laneway are the one of the most difficult issues in the world.Much application work is performed with the seismic reflection wave method in China at present.But the study on detecting observation system in 3D space and data processing techniques is not performed considerably.The perfect exploration effect is not gained in the practical detecting projects,and this situation is not good for the extending application of the advanced forecasting techniques of tunnel and laneway.The different detecting conditions that will be met ahead of the tunnel and laneway through ultrasonic experiments in the flume are presented.The forecasting data using multi-shot-receiver system of the reflection wave are collected,and the refraction scanning migration for the collecting data is realized.The simulation results show that the multi-shot-receiver system has obvious reaction on the wave impedance of the interfaces in different geological conditions.The migration results are in accordance with those of practical interfaces,but the distinguishing ability for the back interfaces will be unsatisfactory when multi-layer media are detected.So the 3D multi-component and stereoscopic data collecting methods are proposed,and wave equation migration techniques are developed to improve exploration ability for complex geological structures ahead of the tunnel and laneway.
The detection and forecasting for geological structure ahead of the tunnel and laneway are the one of the most difficult issues in the world.Much application work is performed with the seismic reflection wave method in China at present.But the study on detecting observation system in 3D space and data processing techniques is not performed considerably.The perfect exploration effect is not gained in the practical detecting projects,and this situation is not good for the extending application of the advanced forecasting techniques of tunnel and laneway.The different detecting conditions that will be met ahead of the tunnel and laneway through ultrasonic experiments in the flume are presented.The forecasting data using multi-shot-receiver system of the reflection wave are collected,and the refraction scanning migration for the collecting data is realized.The simulation results show that the multi-shot-receiver system has obvious reaction on the wave impedance of the interfaces in different geological conditions.The migration results are in accordance with those of practical interfaces,but the distinguishing ability for the back interfaces will be unsatisfactory when multi-layer media are detected.So the 3D multi-component and stereoscopic data collecting methods are proposed,and wave equation migration techniques are developed to improve exploration ability for complex geological structures ahead of the tunnel and laneway.
引文
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[11]INAZAKI TI,SAHAI H,KAWAMURA S,et al.Stepwise application of horizontal seismic profiling for tunnel prediction ahead of the face[J].The Leading Edge,1999,18(12):1 429–1 431.
[12]OTTO R,BUTTON E A,BRETTEREBNER H,et al.The application of TRT(true reflection tomography)at the Unterwald tunnel[J].Geophysics,2002,20(2):51–56.
[13]BORM G,GIESE R,KLOSE C D,et al.ISIS integrated seismic imaging system for the geological prediction ahead of underground construction[C]//EAGE the 65th Conference and Exhibition.Norway:[s.n.],2003.
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[15]ZHAO Y G,JIANG H,ZHAO X P.Tunnel seismic tomography method for geological prediction and its application[J].Applied Geophysics,2006,3(2):69–74.
[16]何振起,李海,梁颜忠.利用地震反射法进行隧道施工地质超前预报[J].铁道工程学报,2000,(4):81–85.(HE Zhenqi,LI Hai,LIANG Yanzhong.Geological super-leading forecast during tunnel construction by utilizing seismic response analysis method[J].Journal of Railway Engineering Society,2000,(4):81–85.(in Chinese))
[17]武思玉,何振起.隧道超前预报[J].铁道知识,1996,(5):14.(WU Siyu,HE Zhengqi.Forecast ahead of tunnel[J].Knowledge of the Railway,1996,(5):14.(in Chinese))
[18]曾昭璜.隧道地震反射法超前预报[J].地球物理学报,1994,37(2):268–271.(ZENG Zhaohuang.Prediction ahead of the tunnel face by the seismic reflection methods[J].Acta Geophysica Sinica,1994,37(2):268–271.(in Chinese))
[19]牟永光.地震勘探资料数字处理方法[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1981.(MOU Yongguang.Methods of data processing for seismic exploration[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1981.(in Chinese))
[20]ASHIDA Y.Seismic imaging ahead of a tunnel face with three-component geophones[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2001,38(6):823–831.
[21]MATSUSHIMA J,OKUBO Y,ROKUGAWA S,et al.Seismic reflector imaging by prestack time migration in the Kakkonda geothermal field,Japan[J].Geothermics,2003,32(1):79–99.
[22]张平松,吴健生.中国隧道及井巷地震波法超前探测技术研究分析[J].地球科学进展,2006,21(10):1 033–1 038.(ZHANG Pingsong,WU Jiansheng.Research and analysis of forward prediction technology using seismic reflection wave in tunnel and laneway in China[J].Advances in Earth Science,2006,21(10):1 033–1 038.(in Chinese))
[2]何继善,柳建新.隧道超前探测方法技术与应用研究[J].工程地球物理学报,2004,1(4):293–298.(HE Jishan,LIU Jianxin.A study of tunnel advanced detection technology and its application[J].Chinese Journal of Engineering Geophysics,2004,1(4):293–298.(in Chinese))
[3]钟宏伟,赵凌.中国隧道工程超前预报技术现状分析[J].人民长江,2004,35(9):15–19.(ZHONG Hongwei,ZHAO Ling.Analysis of status-quo of forward prediction technology of Chinese tunnel works[J].Yangtze River,2004,35(9):15–19.(in Chinese))
[4]陈建峰.隧道施工地质超前预报技术比较[J].地下空间,2003,23(1):5–8,16.(CHEN Jianfeng.Comparison of techniques of geological prediction of tunnels[J].Underground Space,2003,23(1):5–8,16.(in Chinese))
[5]Amberg Measuring Technique Ltd..Operation manual 19.61[R].Swiss:Amberg Measuring Technique Ltd.,2001.
[6]Amberg Measuring Technique Ltd..Comparison of various tunnel geological forecast techniques[R].Swiss:Amberg Measuring Technique Ltd.,2003.
[7]刘志刚,刘秀峰.TSP(隧道地震勘探)在隧道隧洞超前预报中的应用与发展[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(8):1 399–1 402.(LIU Zhigang,LIU Xiufeng.TSP application and development in tunnel lead forecast[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(8):1 399–1 402.(in Chinese))
[8]戴前伟,何刚,冯德山.TSP–203在隧道超前预报中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(2):460–464.(DAI Qianwei,HE Gang,FENG Deshan.Application of the TSP–203 system in geological advanced prediction of tunnel[J].Progress in Geophysics,2005,20(2):460–464.(in Chinese))
[9]程增庆,吴奕峰,尚晶,等.探测掌子面前方断层的TVSP方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,1994,29(增2):158–164.(CHENG Zengqing,WU Yifeng,SHANG Jing,et al.The TVSP method for detecting the faults ahead of tunnel[J].Geophysical Exploration for Petroleum,1994,29(Supp.2):158–164.(in Chinese))
[10]BRUCKL E,CHWATAL W,DOLZLMULLER Je,t al.A study of the application of VSP to exploration ahead of a tunnel[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2001,38(6):833–841.
[11]INAZAKI TI,SAHAI H,KAWAMURA S,et al.Stepwise application of horizontal seismic profiling for tunnel prediction ahead of the face[J].The Leading Edge,1999,18(12):1 429–1 431.
[12]OTTO R,BUTTON E A,BRETTEREBNER H,et al.The application of TRT(true reflection tomography)at the Unterwald tunnel[J].Geophysics,2002,20(2):51–56.
[13]BORM G,GIESE R,KLOSE C D,et al.ISIS integrated seismic imaging system for the geological prediction ahead of underground construction[C]//EAGE the 65th Conference and Exhibition.Norway:[s.n.],2003.
[14]钟世航.陆地声纳法的原理及其在铁路地质勘测和隧道施工中的应用[J].中国铁道科学,1995,16(4):48–55.(ZHONG Shihang.The principle and application of landsonar method in railway geological survey and tunnel construction[J].China Railway Science,1995,16(4):48–55.(in Chinese))
[15]ZHAO Y G,JIANG H,ZHAO X P.Tunnel seismic tomography method for geological prediction and its application[J].Applied Geophysics,2006,3(2):69–74.
[16]何振起,李海,梁颜忠.利用地震反射法进行隧道施工地质超前预报[J].铁道工程学报,2000,(4):81–85.(HE Zhenqi,LI Hai,LIANG Yanzhong.Geological super-leading forecast during tunnel construction by utilizing seismic response analysis method[J].Journal of Railway Engineering Society,2000,(4):81–85.(in Chinese))
[17]武思玉,何振起.隧道超前预报[J].铁道知识,1996,(5):14.(WU Siyu,HE Zhengqi.Forecast ahead of tunnel[J].Knowledge of the Railway,1996,(5):14.(in Chinese))
[18]曾昭璜.隧道地震反射法超前预报[J].地球物理学报,1994,37(2):268–271.(ZENG Zhaohuang.Prediction ahead of the tunnel face by the seismic reflection methods[J].Acta Geophysica Sinica,1994,37(2):268–271.(in Chinese))
[19]牟永光.地震勘探资料数字处理方法[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1981.(MOU Yongguang.Methods of data processing for seismic exploration[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1981.(in Chinese))
[20]ASHIDA Y.Seismic imaging ahead of a tunnel face with three-component geophones[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2001,38(6):823–831.
[21]MATSUSHIMA J,OKUBO Y,ROKUGAWA S,et al.Seismic reflector imaging by prestack time migration in the Kakkonda geothermal field,Japan[J].Geothermics,2003,32(1):79–99.
[22]张平松,吴健生.中国隧道及井巷地震波法超前探测技术研究分析[J].地球科学进展,2006,21(10):1 033–1 038.(ZHANG Pingsong,WU Jiansheng.Research and analysis of forward prediction technology using seismic reflection wave in tunnel and laneway in China[J].Advances in Earth Science,2006,21(10):1 033–1 038.(in Chinese))
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