深厚覆盖层上高土石坝的动力稳定分析
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摘要
在高地震烈度区修建深厚覆盖层上的高土石坝面临许多新问题,如大坝的动力稳定、坝基液化问题等。以直粘土心墙及坝基截渗墙土石坝为例,采用三维动力固结有限元方法,研究强震区深厚覆盖层上的高土石坝的动力稳定问题。三维动力固结有限元程序以动力固结方程为基础,采用能够反应土体非线性、滞后性以及不可恢复性动变形特性的拟等效弹塑性本构模型,放弃了动孔压上升模式,在震动全过程中跟踪孔隙水压力产生、扩散和消散的发展变化,实现了动力渗流与动力反应分析的真正耦合,可较好地反映土体在地震过程中的实际性态,避免了动本构模型与动孔压模型有时难以合理搭配的问题。计算结果表明,深厚覆盖层上修筑的直心墙土石坝的静应力和静位移均较大,但它的动应力、动位移及加速度的反应值却均较小,且坝底的孔压比也较小,可满足稳定性要求。
To build high earth-rockfill dam on thick moraine cover foundation in high earthquake intensity region will face many new problems such as dynamic stability,dam foundation liquefaction etc. As an example, three-dimensional dynamic consolidation FEM is employed to analyze the reaction of high earth-rock fill dam with clay core and cat-off wall. The dynamic stability is researched. An equivalent quasi-elastoplastic constitutive model which can express nonlinear viscid and un-recoverable deformation of soil is employed in the new dynamic consolidation FEM,while dynamic pore water pressure model is abandoned. The generation,diffusion and scatter of dynamic pore water pressure in a complete earthquake process are tracked. It is a real coupling of dynamic seepage and dynamic reaction. The calculation results show that the static stress and displacement of the dam on thick moraine cover foundation are bigger;the dynamic stress,displacement and acceleration are smaller;the ratio of pore water pressure in the dam base is smaller than the dam on rock foundation. The dam is safe.
To build high earth-rockfill dam on thick moraine cover foundation in high earthquake intensity region will face many new problems such as dynamic stability,dam foundation liquefaction etc. As an example, three-dimensional dynamic consolidation FEM is employed to analyze the reaction of high earth-rock fill dam with clay core and cat-off wall. The dynamic stability is researched. An equivalent quasi-elastoplastic constitutive model which can express nonlinear viscid and un-recoverable deformation of soil is employed in the new dynamic consolidation FEM,while dynamic pore water pressure model is abandoned. The generation,diffusion and scatter of dynamic pore water pressure in a complete earthquake process are tracked. It is a real coupling of dynamic seepage and dynamic reaction. The calculation results show that the static stress and displacement of the dam on thick moraine cover foundation are bigger;the dynamic stress,displacement and acceleration are smaller;the ratio of pore water pressure in the dam base is smaller than the dam on rock foundation. The dam is safe.
引文
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[3]高莲士,汪召华,宋文晶.非线性K-G模型在高面板堆石坝应力变形分析中的应用[J].水利学报,2001,(10):1–7.(Gao Lianshi,Wang Zhaohua,Song Wenjing.The application of nonlinear uncoupled K-G model to deformation analysis of high concrete face rockfill dam[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2001,(10):1–7.(in Chinese))
[4]黄文熙.高土石坝科研工作中的几个问题[J].水利水电技术,1982,14(4):1–10.(Huang Wenxi.Several problems of high earth-rock dam research[J].Water Resources and Hydro Technology,1982,14(4):1–10.(in Chinese))
[5]杨荣.瀑布沟高土石坝三维非线性分析[J].应用基础与工程科学学报,1995,3(9):260–267.(Yang Rong.The3D nonlinear analysis of Pubugou high earth-rock dam[J].Journal of Basic Science and Engineering,1995,3(9):260–267.(in Chinese))
[6]朱晟,顾淦臣,林益才.深覆盖层上混凝土面板堆石坝地震反应分析[J].河海大学学报,1997,(5):80–85.(Zhu Sheng,Gu Ganchen,Lin Yicai.The earthquake response analysis of concrete face rock fill dam with thick moraine cover[J].Journal of Hohai University,1997,(5):80–85.(in Chinese))
[7]周江平,彭雄志,赵善锐.复杂地基上高土石坝坝体稳定可靠度分析[J].西南交通大学学报,1998,(10):544–549.(Zhou Jiangping,Peng Xongzhi,Zhao Shanrui.Reliability analysis of the stability of high earth-rock dam in complex foundation[J].Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University,1998,(10):544–549.(in Chinese))
[8]党发宁,鞠花,谢定义.对饱和土动力固结方程的再认识[A].见:第六届全国土动力学学术会议论文集[C].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002.741–745.(Dang Fa ning,Ju Hua,Xie Dingyi.Review of saturation soil dynamics consolidation equation[A].In:Proceeding of the6th Conference of Chinese Soil Dynamics Mechanical Academy[C].Beijing:China Architecture and Building Press,2002.741–745..(in Chinese))
[9]党发宁,鞠花.粘土心墙土石坝震后破坏的机理分析[A].见:中国岩石力学与工程学会第七次学术会议论文集[C].北京:中国科学技术出版社,2002.283–286.(Dang Faning,Ju Hua.Mechanism of the earth-rock dam with clay core destruction after earthquake[A].In:Proceeding of the7th National Conference of Rock Mechanics and Engineering[C].Beijing:China Science and Technology Press,2002.283–286.(in Chinese))
[10]钱家欢,殷宗泽.土工原理与计算[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,1996.(Qian Jiahuan,Yin Zongze.The Soil Mechanics Principle and Calculation[M].Beijing:China Water Power Press,1996.(in Chinese))
[11]谢定义.土动力学[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,1990.(Xie Dingyi.Soil Dynamics[M].Xi′an:Xi′an Jiaotong University Press,1990.(in Chinese))
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