梯级与单项水电工程生态环境影响的类比分析
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摘要
梯级水电工程群体的生态环境影响与单项水电工程的生态环境影响既有共性也有差别。以"T型矩阵"作为类比分析的工具,首先将水电工程的生态环境影响分为4个类别;然后分别针对每个类别对比梯级水电工程群体与单项水电工程这两类水电开发模式在生态环境影响的因素、空间范围、时间范围、影响程度等方面的相同点和不同点,并提出影响程度"可控性"的概念。结果表明,与单项水电工程相比,梯级水电的整体布局、调度和缓解措施,对于减免其不良生态环境影响的效果将更加明显。
In view of the ecological environmental impacts(EEI) of hydroelectric project,there are both commonness and difference between the cascade hydropower station group(CHSG) and a single hydropower station."T-Matrix" is an effective tool of comparative analysis,and usually,the ecological environmental impacts(EEI) of hydroelectric project can be divided into four categories.Hence,four T-matrixes are adopted to comparatively analyze the CHSG and single hydropower project on aforementioned four categories respectively;and for each matrix,the similarities and differences on four aspects such as impact factors,spatial scale,time scale,and influence degree are described respectively.Moreover,a conception named "controllability of the CHSG" is raised.The results show that compared with an individual hydropower station,the group overall layout,cascade scheduling,and systematic mitigation strategies of the CHSG would play more important roles on controlling those negative impacts.
In view of the ecological environmental impacts(EEI) of hydroelectric project,there are both commonness and difference between the cascade hydropower station group(CHSG) and a single hydropower station."T-Matrix" is an effective tool of comparative analysis,and usually,the ecological environmental impacts(EEI) of hydroelectric project can be divided into four categories.Hence,four T-matrixes are adopted to comparatively analyze the CHSG and single hydropower project on aforementioned four categories respectively;and for each matrix,the similarities and differences on four aspects such as impact factors,spatial scale,time scale,and influence degree are described respectively.Moreover,a conception named "controllability of the CHSG" is raised.The results show that compared with an individual hydropower station,the group overall layout,cascade scheduling,and systematic mitigation strategies of the CHSG would play more important roles on controlling those negative impacts.
引文
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[2]陈进,黄薇.梯级水库对长江水沙过程影响初探[J].长江流域资源与环境,2005,14(6):786-791.
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[13]陶忠平.水库诱发地震的基本特点及工程防范措施[J].云南水力发电,2006,22(4):20-21.
[14]杨小荟,黄乃安.梯级水库诱发地震的初步研究[J].河北地质学院学报,1995,18(2):166-170.
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[16]蒋固政,张先锋,常剑波.防洪工程对珍稀水生动物和鱼类的影响[J].人民长江,2001,32(7):39-40.
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[18]黄闰泉,张丰,夏剑萍.鄂西三峡库区移民区水土流失防治对策[J].水土保持学报,2000,14(5):45-48.
[19]Julio A.Camargo,Alvaro Alonso,Marcos de la Puente.Eu-trophication downstream from small reservoirs in mountain riversof Central Spain[J].Water Research,2005,39(14):3376-3384.
[20]富国.湖库富营养化敏感分级概念及指标体系研究[J].环境科学研究,2005,18(6):77-79.
[21]黄钰铃,惠二青,刘德富.河道型水库库湾水体富营养化评价及防治初探[J].人民长江,2006,37(4):16-17.
[22]王孟,邬红娟,马经安.长江流域大型水库富营养化特征及成因分析[J].长江流域资源与环境,2004,13(5):479-481.
[23]李作良.乌江梯级开发中发展内河航运研究[J].交通科技,2002,(1):70-71.
[24]陈建伟,陈荣富,胡思丁,等.丽水市滩坑水电站建设对周围人群健康影响的预测[J].海峡预防医学杂志,2004,10(5):28-29.
[25]陈丽晖,李勤.漫湾库区生产恢复障碍及其原因[J].长江流域资源与环境,2003,12(6):541-546.
[2]陈进,黄薇.梯级水库对长江水沙过程影响初探[J].长江流域资源与环境,2005,14(6):786-791.
[3]李新根.上游梯级水库对涉及洪水的影响分析[J].水利水电技术,2005,36(9):14-16.
[4]罗小勇,陈蕾,李斐.金沙江干流梯级开发环境影响分析[J].水利水电快报,2004,25(14):7-10.
[5]庞增铨,廖国华,吴正褆,等.论贵州喀斯特地区河流梯级开发的水环境变异[J].贵州环保科技,1999,5(4):13-17.
[6]孙广友,何岩,赵焕辰,等.黑龙江干流梯级开发生态环境可行性分析[J].东北师大学报自然科学版,2001,33(1):90-96.
[7]陈凯麒,王东胜,刘兰芬,等.流域梯级规划环境影响评价的特征及研究方向[J].中国水利水电科学研究院学报,2005,3(2):79-82.
[8]耿福明,薛联青,陆桂华.基于复合生态系统的流域梯级开发累积环境影响识别[J].水资源与水工程学报,2006,17(1):30-32.
[9]戴松晨.宝珠寺水库蓄水前后水温、水质变化回顾分析[J].水电站设计,2001,17(4):59.
[10]Sergiy Dubnyak,Vladimir Timchenko.Ecological role of hydro-dynamic processes in the Dnieper reservoirs[J].Ecological Engi-neering,2000,16(1):181-188.
[11]房春生,王菊,李伟峰,等.水利工程生态价值评价指标体系研究[J].环境科学动态,2002,(1):7-8.
[12]麻泽龙,程根伟,谭小琴.水库触发地震研究进展[J].地球与环境,2005,33(suppl.):211-215.
[13]陶忠平.水库诱发地震的基本特点及工程防范措施[J].云南水力发电,2006,22(4):20-21.
[14]杨小荟,黄乃安.梯级水库诱发地震的初步研究[J].河北地质学院学报,1995,18(2):166-170.
[15]徐旌,陈丽晖.大型水电站建设的环境影响及生态修复[J].云南环境科学,2005,24(4):14-16.
[16]蒋固政,张先锋,常剑波.防洪工程对珍稀水生动物和鱼类的影响[J].人民长江,2001,32(7):39-40.
[17]杨富亿.黑龙江干流水电梯级开发对鱼类资源的影响与补救措施[J].国土与自然资源研究,2000,(1):55-57.
[18]黄闰泉,张丰,夏剑萍.鄂西三峡库区移民区水土流失防治对策[J].水土保持学报,2000,14(5):45-48.
[19]Julio A.Camargo,Alvaro Alonso,Marcos de la Puente.Eu-trophication downstream from small reservoirs in mountain riversof Central Spain[J].Water Research,2005,39(14):3376-3384.
[20]富国.湖库富营养化敏感分级概念及指标体系研究[J].环境科学研究,2005,18(6):77-79.
[21]黄钰铃,惠二青,刘德富.河道型水库库湾水体富营养化评价及防治初探[J].人民长江,2006,37(4):16-17.
[22]王孟,邬红娟,马经安.长江流域大型水库富营养化特征及成因分析[J].长江流域资源与环境,2004,13(5):479-481.
[23]李作良.乌江梯级开发中发展内河航运研究[J].交通科技,2002,(1):70-71.
[24]陈建伟,陈荣富,胡思丁,等.丽水市滩坑水电站建设对周围人群健康影响的预测[J].海峡预防医学杂志,2004,10(5):28-29.
[25]陈丽晖,李勤.漫湾库区生产恢复障碍及其原因[J].长江流域资源与环境,2003,12(6):541-546.
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