高精度倾斜仪研究进展
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摘要
高精度倾斜仪是地壳形变观测仪器的重要组成部分,可广泛应用于固体潮汐的观测、大型陆基科学仪器(如激光干涉引力波天线)地面倾斜运动的测量以及地质灾害的监测与预警等方面。根据仪器基线的长度,高精度倾斜仪可以分为长基线倾斜仪和短基线倾斜仪两大类,介绍了它们的基本原理和优缺点。目前,出现了一些新型的高精度倾斜仪,阐述了这些新一代倾斜仪的工作原理、微位移传感器以及仪器灵敏度标定等方面的研究进展,分析了高精度倾斜仪的发展趋势。
High precision tiltmeter is an important part of instrument for detecting earth crust distortion and it can be widely applied to not only measure earth tides and the floor tilt of some large scientific equipment such as laser interferometer gravitational wave observation antenna placed on land etc, but also detect and pre-alarm geological disaster. According to the base length, high precision tiltmeter can be divided intolong-base tiltmeter and short-base tiltmeter, and the research development about the principle, the strongpoint and shortcoming of these tiltmeters is introduced. At present, there are some new-type tiltmeter with high precision and the principle of these new generation tiltmeters and mini-displacement sensors are explained together with sensitivity calibration. Finally, the development trend in the future of high precision tiltemter is analyzed.
High precision tiltmeter is an important part of instrument for detecting earth crust distortion and it can be widely applied to not only measure earth tides and the floor tilt of some large scientific equipment such as laser interferometer gravitational wave observation antenna placed on land etc, but also detect and pre-alarm geological disaster. According to the base length, high precision tiltmeter can be divided intolong-base tiltmeter and short-base tiltmeter, and the research development about the principle, the strongpoint and shortcoming of these tiltmeters is introduced. At present, there are some new-type tiltmeter with high precision and the principle of these new generation tiltmeters and mini-displacement sensors are explained together with sensitivity calibration. Finally, the development trend in the future of high precision tiltemter is analyzed.
引文
[1]Levine J.Study of secular and tidal tilt in Wyoming and Utah[R].Tech.Rept.,1983:10
[2]Levine J.Measurement of tilt using borehole tiltmeters[R].Tech.Rept.,1989:8
[3]范桂英,丁进国,苏泽云,常熟地倾斜固体潮汐调和分析及预报效能[J],地震学刊,2001,21:4-8
[4]T.F.Baker.A new test of Earth tide models in central Europe[J].Geophys.Res.Lett.,1996,23:3559-3562
[5]T.Hartmann,H-G Wenzel.The harmonic development of the Earth tide generating potential due to the effect of the planets[J].Geophys.Res.Lett.,1994,21:1991-1993
[6]Hiroshi Tsuruoka,Masakazu Ohtake and Haruo Sato.Statistical test of the tidal triggering of earthquakes:contribution of the ocean tide loading effect[J].Geophy.J.Int.,1995,122:183-194
[7]Stuart Crampin,Theodora Volti and Ragnar Stefansson.A successfully stress-forecast earthquake[J].Geophys.J.Int.,1999,138:F1-F5
[8]Kohl M.L,Levine J.Measurement and interpret of tidal tits in a small array[J].J.Geophys.Res.,1995,100:2929-2941
[9]周泽兵.低频隔振技术与陀螺旋转反常效应实验检验[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2001:28
[10]J.A.C.Horsfall.G.C.P.King,A new geophysical tiltmeter[J].Nature,1978,274:675-676
[11]J.Beavan and R.Biham.Thermally induced errors in fluid tube tiltmeters[J].J.Geophys.Res.,1977,82:5699-5704
[12]G.R.Huggett,L.E.Slater and G.Pavlis.Precision leveling with a two-fluid tiltmeter[J].Geophys.Res.Lett.,1976,39:754-756
[13]F.Bella,G.Della Monica,A.Ermini,et al.A horizontal pendulum tiltmeter with digital recording system[J].IL NUOVO CIMENTO,1989,12:799-809
[14]V.A.Chistyakov.Investigation of the dynamic characteristics of a horizontal pendulum[J].Seismicheskie Pribory,1986,18:70-81
[15]R.V.Allen.A borehole tiltmeter for measurements at tidal sensitivity[J].Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,1972,62:815-821
[16]R.V.Jones,and J.C.S.Richards.The design and some applications of sensitive capacitance micrometers[J].J.Phys.E,1973,6:589-600
[17]J.Levine,C.Meertens,R.Busby.Tilt observations using borehole tiltmeter:1.Analysis of tidal and secular tilt[J].J.Geophys.Res.,1989,94:B1,574-586
[18]Ivan Simon,Alfred G.Emslie,Peter F.Strong et al.Sensitive tiltmeter utilizing a diamagnetic suspension[J].Rev.Sci.Instrum.,1968,39:1666-1671
[19]J.C.Hansen.Tilt observations in the poor man mine near boulder[J].Geophys.Res.,1976,81:329-336
[20]J.A.Wesphal,M.A.Carr,and W.F.Miller.Expendable bubble tiltmeter for geophysical monitoring[J].Rev.Sci.Instrum.,1983,54:415-418
[21]Nicolas F.d’Oreye,Walter Zürn.Very high resolution long-baseline water-tube tiltmeter to record small signals from earth free oscillations up to secular tilts[J].Rev.Sci.Intrum.,2005,76:0245011-12
[22]聂磊,温若卫,易治春等.DSQ型短基线水管倾斜仪及其标定装置[J].地壳形变与地震,2001,21:74-81
[23]Fan Shuhua,Cai Yuxia,Wu Shuchao,et al.Response of a Folded Pendulum to Tilt Tides[J].Phys.Lett.A,1999,256:132-140
[24]Fan Shuhua,Wu Shuchao,Cai Yuxia et al.Measurement of earth crustal tilt tides with a folded pendulum[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,1999,44:83-86
[25]Shuchao Wu,Shuhua Fan,Jun Luo et al.Folded pendulum tiltmeter[J].Rev.Sci.Instrum.,2002,73:2150-2156
[26]Speake C.C.and Newell D.B.The design and application of a novel high-frequency tiltmeter[J].Rev.Sci.Instrum.,1990,611500-1503
[27]Mat-Isa A.R.And Usher M.J.An angular accelerometer for reducing the effects of tilt in seismic records[J].Geophys.J.Int.,1992,109:197-208
[28]J.Winterflood,Z.B.Zhou,D.G.Blair et al.Tilt suppression for ultra-low residual motion vibration isolation in gravitational wave detection[J].Phys.Lett.A.,2000,277:143-155
[29]Z.B.Zhou,J.Winterflood,L.Ju et al.Investigation of alaser walker-off angle sensor and its application to tilt measurement in gravitational wave detectors[J].Phys.Lett.A,2001,280:197-203
[30]Y Cheng,J.Winterflood,L.Ju et al.Tilt sensor and servo control system for gravitational wave detection[J].Class.Quantum.Grav.,2002,19:1723-1729
[31]Slaeh B.,Blum P.A.Study of temperatire effect on behavior of strutures[J].J.Surv.Eng.,1990,116:1-12
[32]Bassam saleh.Study of earth tides using quartz tiltmeter[J].J.Surv.Eng.,2003,129:51-55
[33]韩和平,任佳,康有明等.阳原台石英水平摆倾斜仪数字化改造[J].地震地磁观测与研究,2005,26:98-102
[34]张志中,,朱虎吴健.水平摆倾斜仪标定器的张盒研究[J]地震学报,2005,27:575-579
[35]肖峻.高精度垂直摆倾斜仪及其应用研究[D].武汉:中国科学院测量与地球物理研究所,2002,88-89
[36]肖峻,吴艳霞,胡国庆等.高精度垂直摆倾斜仪静电标定方法的研究[J].测控技术,2005,24:10-15
[37]肖峻,吴艳霞,莫易敏.高精度垂直摆倾斜仪重块标定方法的研究[J].测控技术,2004,23:11-14
[38]黄玉,吴立华.二维垂直摆倾斜仪对地倾斜的测量[J].仪器仪表学报,2007,28:1514-1517
[39]施志龙,吴书朝.垂直摆倾斜仪灵敏度标定方法研究[J].测绘科学,2007,32:63-64
[2]Levine J.Measurement of tilt using borehole tiltmeters[R].Tech.Rept.,1989:8
[3]范桂英,丁进国,苏泽云,常熟地倾斜固体潮汐调和分析及预报效能[J],地震学刊,2001,21:4-8
[4]T.F.Baker.A new test of Earth tide models in central Europe[J].Geophys.Res.Lett.,1996,23:3559-3562
[5]T.Hartmann,H-G Wenzel.The harmonic development of the Earth tide generating potential due to the effect of the planets[J].Geophys.Res.Lett.,1994,21:1991-1993
[6]Hiroshi Tsuruoka,Masakazu Ohtake and Haruo Sato.Statistical test of the tidal triggering of earthquakes:contribution of the ocean tide loading effect[J].Geophy.J.Int.,1995,122:183-194
[7]Stuart Crampin,Theodora Volti and Ragnar Stefansson.A successfully stress-forecast earthquake[J].Geophys.J.Int.,1999,138:F1-F5
[8]Kohl M.L,Levine J.Measurement and interpret of tidal tits in a small array[J].J.Geophys.Res.,1995,100:2929-2941
[9]周泽兵.低频隔振技术与陀螺旋转反常效应实验检验[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2001:28
[10]J.A.C.Horsfall.G.C.P.King,A new geophysical tiltmeter[J].Nature,1978,274:675-676
[11]J.Beavan and R.Biham.Thermally induced errors in fluid tube tiltmeters[J].J.Geophys.Res.,1977,82:5699-5704
[12]G.R.Huggett,L.E.Slater and G.Pavlis.Precision leveling with a two-fluid tiltmeter[J].Geophys.Res.Lett.,1976,39:754-756
[13]F.Bella,G.Della Monica,A.Ermini,et al.A horizontal pendulum tiltmeter with digital recording system[J].IL NUOVO CIMENTO,1989,12:799-809
[14]V.A.Chistyakov.Investigation of the dynamic characteristics of a horizontal pendulum[J].Seismicheskie Pribory,1986,18:70-81
[15]R.V.Allen.A borehole tiltmeter for measurements at tidal sensitivity[J].Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,1972,62:815-821
[16]R.V.Jones,and J.C.S.Richards.The design and some applications of sensitive capacitance micrometers[J].J.Phys.E,1973,6:589-600
[17]J.Levine,C.Meertens,R.Busby.Tilt observations using borehole tiltmeter:1.Analysis of tidal and secular tilt[J].J.Geophys.Res.,1989,94:B1,574-586
[18]Ivan Simon,Alfred G.Emslie,Peter F.Strong et al.Sensitive tiltmeter utilizing a diamagnetic suspension[J].Rev.Sci.Instrum.,1968,39:1666-1671
[19]J.C.Hansen.Tilt observations in the poor man mine near boulder[J].Geophys.Res.,1976,81:329-336
[20]J.A.Wesphal,M.A.Carr,and W.F.Miller.Expendable bubble tiltmeter for geophysical monitoring[J].Rev.Sci.Instrum.,1983,54:415-418
[21]Nicolas F.d’Oreye,Walter Zürn.Very high resolution long-baseline water-tube tiltmeter to record small signals from earth free oscillations up to secular tilts[J].Rev.Sci.Intrum.,2005,76:0245011-12
[22]聂磊,温若卫,易治春等.DSQ型短基线水管倾斜仪及其标定装置[J].地壳形变与地震,2001,21:74-81
[23]Fan Shuhua,Cai Yuxia,Wu Shuchao,et al.Response of a Folded Pendulum to Tilt Tides[J].Phys.Lett.A,1999,256:132-140
[24]Fan Shuhua,Wu Shuchao,Cai Yuxia et al.Measurement of earth crustal tilt tides with a folded pendulum[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,1999,44:83-86
[25]Shuchao Wu,Shuhua Fan,Jun Luo et al.Folded pendulum tiltmeter[J].Rev.Sci.Instrum.,2002,73:2150-2156
[26]Speake C.C.and Newell D.B.The design and application of a novel high-frequency tiltmeter[J].Rev.Sci.Instrum.,1990,611500-1503
[27]Mat-Isa A.R.And Usher M.J.An angular accelerometer for reducing the effects of tilt in seismic records[J].Geophys.J.Int.,1992,109:197-208
[28]J.Winterflood,Z.B.Zhou,D.G.Blair et al.Tilt suppression for ultra-low residual motion vibration isolation in gravitational wave detection[J].Phys.Lett.A.,2000,277:143-155
[29]Z.B.Zhou,J.Winterflood,L.Ju et al.Investigation of alaser walker-off angle sensor and its application to tilt measurement in gravitational wave detectors[J].Phys.Lett.A,2001,280:197-203
[30]Y Cheng,J.Winterflood,L.Ju et al.Tilt sensor and servo control system for gravitational wave detection[J].Class.Quantum.Grav.,2002,19:1723-1729
[31]Slaeh B.,Blum P.A.Study of temperatire effect on behavior of strutures[J].J.Surv.Eng.,1990,116:1-12
[32]Bassam saleh.Study of earth tides using quartz tiltmeter[J].J.Surv.Eng.,2003,129:51-55
[33]韩和平,任佳,康有明等.阳原台石英水平摆倾斜仪数字化改造[J].地震地磁观测与研究,2005,26:98-102
[34]张志中,,朱虎吴健.水平摆倾斜仪标定器的张盒研究[J]地震学报,2005,27:575-579
[35]肖峻.高精度垂直摆倾斜仪及其应用研究[D].武汉:中国科学院测量与地球物理研究所,2002,88-89
[36]肖峻,吴艳霞,胡国庆等.高精度垂直摆倾斜仪静电标定方法的研究[J].测控技术,2005,24:10-15
[37]肖峻,吴艳霞,莫易敏.高精度垂直摆倾斜仪重块标定方法的研究[J].测控技术,2004,23:11-14
[38]黄玉,吴立华.二维垂直摆倾斜仪对地倾斜的测量[J].仪器仪表学报,2007,28:1514-1517
[39]施志龙,吴书朝.垂直摆倾斜仪灵敏度标定方法研究[J].测绘科学,2007,32:63-64
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