金属矿地下采空区探测、处理与安全评判
|
摘要
我国大多数金属矿山都不同程度的存在地下采空区,且隐患较多,严重危及矿山安全生产.采空区探测方法目前主要有:高密度电阻率法、地震映像法、探地雷达法以及激光3D法等,采空区处理可以采用尾砂胶结充填法和地表强制崩落法,利用微震监测系统可对采空区的异常行为进行实时监测.根据岩石力学理论和三维数值模拟计算,结合我国一些金属矿工程实例研究,提出了地下采空区顶板稳定性的综合安全评判方法.为了确保有复杂地下采空区的金属矿山的安全开采,建议建立对采空区从探测,监控,处理到数字化安全评判的一体化管理体系.
There are a lot of underground goafs in metal mines in China,which affect the safety mining.In detecting techniques of the underground goaf,some methods such as high-density resistivity,seismic imaging,ground penetrating radar and laser 3D can be efficiently used in metal mines.The tailing cement filling and the ground forced black caving mining methods can be used to deal with them.The unwonted event of goaf can be real-time monitored by the microseismic monitoring system.Based on rock mechanics theory and 3D numerical modeling,a synthetical safety evaluation for the roof stability has been put forward and verified by the case study.It is suggested that an integrative administer system,which includes detecting,supervising,disposal and digital safety evaluation for the underground goafs,should be established in metal mines in order to secure the safety of mines with complex goaf.
There are a lot of underground goafs in metal mines in China,which affect the safety mining.In detecting techniques of the underground goaf,some methods such as high-density resistivity,seismic imaging,ground penetrating radar and laser 3D can be efficiently used in metal mines.The tailing cement filling and the ground forced black caving mining methods can be used to deal with them.The unwonted event of goaf can be real-time monitored by the microseismic monitoring system.Based on rock mechanics theory and 3D numerical modeling,a synthetical safety evaluation for the roof stability has been put forward and verified by the case study.It is suggested that an integrative administer system,which includes detecting,supervising,disposal and digital safety evaluation for the underground goafs,should be established in metal mines in order to secure the safety of mines with complex goaf.
引文
[1]王文龙,陈天逵.浅论高密度电阻率法在工程勘察中的应用效果[J].物探与化探,1995,19(3):229-237.WANG Wen-long,CHEN Tian-kui.A preliminarydiscussion on the effect of applying high-density re-sistivity method to engineering survey[J].Geophysi-cal&Geochemical Exploration,1995,19(3):229-237.
[2]张国进,徐新学.高密度电法在地下煤矿采空区探测中的应用[J].西部探矿工程,2004(8):65-66.ZHANG Guo-jin,XU Xin-xue.The application ofhigh definition electricity method in coal mine emptyarea[J].West-China Exploration Engineering,2004(8):65-66.
[3]陈娇荷.浅谈地震映像法在工程勘探中的应用效果[J].煤田地质与勘探,2001,29(3):52-54.CHEN Jiao-he.Application effect of seismic imagingmethod in engineering prospecting[J].Coal Geology&Exploration,2001,29(3):52-54.
[4]DAVID R,HANSON,THOMAS L,et al.Advancedtechniques in site characterization and mining hazarddetection for the underground coal industry[J].In-ternational Journal of Coal Geology,2002,50(14):275-301.
[5]黄仁东,刘敦文,徐国元,等.探地雷达在厂坝铅锌矿采空区探测中的试验与应用[J].有色矿山,2003,32(6):1-3.HUANG Ren-dong,LIU Dun-wen,XU Guo-yuan,et al.Tset and application of GPR for localizing gobsin Changba lead-zinc mine[J].Noneferrous Mines,2003,32(6):1-3.
[6]FENNER T.Ground penetrating radar for identifica-tion of mine tunnels and abandoned mine stopes[J].Mining Engineering,1995,47(3):280-284.
[7]FENG Q H,ROSHOFF K.In-situ mapping and docu-mentation of rock faces using a full coverage 3D laserscanning technique[J].International Journal of RockMechanics and Mining Sciences,2004,41(3):1-6.
[8]刘敦文,古德生,徐国元.地下矿山采空区处理方法的评价与优选[J].中国矿业,2004,13(8):52-55.LIU Dun-wen,GU De-sheng,XU Guo-yuan.Evalu-ation and optimization of disposal methods for gob inunderground mine[J].China Mining Magazine,2004,13(8):52-55.
[9]刘志祥,李夕兵.尾砂胶结充填体力学试验及损伤研究[J].金属矿山,2004(11):22-24.LIU Zhi-xiang,LI Xi-bing.Mechanics test and dam-age study on cemented tailing filling[J].Metal Mine,2004(11):22-24.
[10]刘志祥,李夕兵.尾砂分形级配与胶结强度的知识库研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(10):1789-1793.LIU Zhi-xiang,LI Xi-bing.Study on fractal grada-tion of tailing and knowledge bank of its cementingstrength[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanicsand Engineering,2005,24(10):1789-1793.
[11]LIA X,WANG S J,LIU T Y,et al.Engineeringgeology ground surface movement and fissures in-duced by underground mining in the Jinchuan NickelMine[J].Engineering Geology,2004(76):93-107.
[12]李地元,李夕兵,赵国彦.露天开采下地下采空区顶板安全厚度的确定[J].露天采矿技术,2005(5):17-20.LI Di-yuan,LI Xi-bing,ZHAO Guo-yan.Roof se-curity thickness determination of underground goafunder open-pit mine[J].Opencast Mining Technol-ogy,2005(5):17-20.
[13]陈文林,张永彬,杨天鸿,等.露天转地下境界矿柱稳定性评价[J].地下空间,2004,24(2):260-264.CHEN Wen-lin,ZHANG Yong-bin,YANG Tian-hong,et al.The stability evaluation of jamb foropen-pit to underground mining[J].UndergroundSpace,2004,24(2):260-264.
[14]DIEDERICHS M S,KAISER P K.Tensile strengthand abutment relaxation as failure control mecha-nisms in underground excavations[J].InternationalJournal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,1999,36(1):69-96.
[15]郭广礼,何国,崔曙光.部分开采老采空区覆岩稳定性分析[J].矿山压力与顶板管理,2003,20(3):70-73.GUO Guang-li,HE Guo,CUI Shu-guang.The sta-bility analysis for the covered rock mass in some a-bandoned mine-out areas[J].Ground Pressure andStrata Control,2003,20(3):70-73.
[16]周麟.房柱采矿法采场顶板的可靠性分析[J].金属矿山,1998(1):17-20.ZHOU Lin.Reliability analysis for stope roof inroom-and-pillar[J].Metal Mine,1998(1):17-20.
[17]任高峰,王官宝,石栓虎.特大地下采空区稳定性评价及处理措施[J].矿山压力与顶板管理,2005,22(2):22-25.REN Gao-feng,WANG Guan-bao,SHI Shuan-hu.Stability evaluation and dealing approach of the ex-tremely large goaf[J].Ground Pressure and StrataControl,2005,22(2):22-25.
[18]GE Mao-chen.Efficient mine microseismic monito-ring[J].International Journal of Coal Geology,2005,64:44-56.
[19]CAI M,KAISER P K.Assessment of excavationdamaged zone using a micromechanics model[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2005,20:301-310.
[20]余克圣,唐绍辉,吴迪文.岩体工程灾害微震监测系统的新进展[J].矿业研究与开发,1999,19(2):40-42.YU Ke-sheng,TANG Shao-hui,WU Di-wen.Anew progress in microseismicity monitoring systemfor damage of rockmass engineering[J].Mining Re-search&Development,1999,19(2):40-42.
[21]李庶林,尹贤刚,郑文达,等.凡口铅锌矿多通道微震监测系统及其应用研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(12):2048-2053.LI Shu-lin,YIN Xian-gang,ZHENG Wen-da,etal.Research of multi-channel microseismic monito-ring system and its application to Fankou lead-zincmine[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics andEngineering,2005,24(12):2048-2053.
[22]DHAWAN K R,SINGH D N,GUPTA I D.2Dand 3D finite element analysis of underground open-ings in an inhomogeneous rock mass[J].Interna-tional Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sci-ences,2002,39(5):217-227.
[23]邱贤德,黄木坤,王心飞,等.数值计算在采空区稳定性评价中的应用[J].矿山压力与顶板管理,2002,19(4):105-110.QIU Xian-de,HUANG Mu-kun,WANG Xin-fei,et al.Application of numerical calculation method inevaluating the stope stability of ore body[J].Ground Pressure and Strata Control,2002,19(4):105-110.
[2]张国进,徐新学.高密度电法在地下煤矿采空区探测中的应用[J].西部探矿工程,2004(8):65-66.ZHANG Guo-jin,XU Xin-xue.The application ofhigh definition electricity method in coal mine emptyarea[J].West-China Exploration Engineering,2004(8):65-66.
[3]陈娇荷.浅谈地震映像法在工程勘探中的应用效果[J].煤田地质与勘探,2001,29(3):52-54.CHEN Jiao-he.Application effect of seismic imagingmethod in engineering prospecting[J].Coal Geology&Exploration,2001,29(3):52-54.
[4]DAVID R,HANSON,THOMAS L,et al.Advancedtechniques in site characterization and mining hazarddetection for the underground coal industry[J].In-ternational Journal of Coal Geology,2002,50(14):275-301.
[5]黄仁东,刘敦文,徐国元,等.探地雷达在厂坝铅锌矿采空区探测中的试验与应用[J].有色矿山,2003,32(6):1-3.HUANG Ren-dong,LIU Dun-wen,XU Guo-yuan,et al.Tset and application of GPR for localizing gobsin Changba lead-zinc mine[J].Noneferrous Mines,2003,32(6):1-3.
[6]FENNER T.Ground penetrating radar for identifica-tion of mine tunnels and abandoned mine stopes[J].Mining Engineering,1995,47(3):280-284.
[7]FENG Q H,ROSHOFF K.In-situ mapping and docu-mentation of rock faces using a full coverage 3D laserscanning technique[J].International Journal of RockMechanics and Mining Sciences,2004,41(3):1-6.
[8]刘敦文,古德生,徐国元.地下矿山采空区处理方法的评价与优选[J].中国矿业,2004,13(8):52-55.LIU Dun-wen,GU De-sheng,XU Guo-yuan.Evalu-ation and optimization of disposal methods for gob inunderground mine[J].China Mining Magazine,2004,13(8):52-55.
[9]刘志祥,李夕兵.尾砂胶结充填体力学试验及损伤研究[J].金属矿山,2004(11):22-24.LIU Zhi-xiang,LI Xi-bing.Mechanics test and dam-age study on cemented tailing filling[J].Metal Mine,2004(11):22-24.
[10]刘志祥,李夕兵.尾砂分形级配与胶结强度的知识库研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(10):1789-1793.LIU Zhi-xiang,LI Xi-bing.Study on fractal grada-tion of tailing and knowledge bank of its cementingstrength[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanicsand Engineering,2005,24(10):1789-1793.
[11]LIA X,WANG S J,LIU T Y,et al.Engineeringgeology ground surface movement and fissures in-duced by underground mining in the Jinchuan NickelMine[J].Engineering Geology,2004(76):93-107.
[12]李地元,李夕兵,赵国彦.露天开采下地下采空区顶板安全厚度的确定[J].露天采矿技术,2005(5):17-20.LI Di-yuan,LI Xi-bing,ZHAO Guo-yan.Roof se-curity thickness determination of underground goafunder open-pit mine[J].Opencast Mining Technol-ogy,2005(5):17-20.
[13]陈文林,张永彬,杨天鸿,等.露天转地下境界矿柱稳定性评价[J].地下空间,2004,24(2):260-264.CHEN Wen-lin,ZHANG Yong-bin,YANG Tian-hong,et al.The stability evaluation of jamb foropen-pit to underground mining[J].UndergroundSpace,2004,24(2):260-264.
[14]DIEDERICHS M S,KAISER P K.Tensile strengthand abutment relaxation as failure control mecha-nisms in underground excavations[J].InternationalJournal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,1999,36(1):69-96.
[15]郭广礼,何国,崔曙光.部分开采老采空区覆岩稳定性分析[J].矿山压力与顶板管理,2003,20(3):70-73.GUO Guang-li,HE Guo,CUI Shu-guang.The sta-bility analysis for the covered rock mass in some a-bandoned mine-out areas[J].Ground Pressure andStrata Control,2003,20(3):70-73.
[16]周麟.房柱采矿法采场顶板的可靠性分析[J].金属矿山,1998(1):17-20.ZHOU Lin.Reliability analysis for stope roof inroom-and-pillar[J].Metal Mine,1998(1):17-20.
[17]任高峰,王官宝,石栓虎.特大地下采空区稳定性评价及处理措施[J].矿山压力与顶板管理,2005,22(2):22-25.REN Gao-feng,WANG Guan-bao,SHI Shuan-hu.Stability evaluation and dealing approach of the ex-tremely large goaf[J].Ground Pressure and StrataControl,2005,22(2):22-25.
[18]GE Mao-chen.Efficient mine microseismic monito-ring[J].International Journal of Coal Geology,2005,64:44-56.
[19]CAI M,KAISER P K.Assessment of excavationdamaged zone using a micromechanics model[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2005,20:301-310.
[20]余克圣,唐绍辉,吴迪文.岩体工程灾害微震监测系统的新进展[J].矿业研究与开发,1999,19(2):40-42.YU Ke-sheng,TANG Shao-hui,WU Di-wen.Anew progress in microseismicity monitoring systemfor damage of rockmass engineering[J].Mining Re-search&Development,1999,19(2):40-42.
[21]李庶林,尹贤刚,郑文达,等.凡口铅锌矿多通道微震监测系统及其应用研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(12):2048-2053.LI Shu-lin,YIN Xian-gang,ZHENG Wen-da,etal.Research of multi-channel microseismic monito-ring system and its application to Fankou lead-zincmine[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics andEngineering,2005,24(12):2048-2053.
[22]DHAWAN K R,SINGH D N,GUPTA I D.2Dand 3D finite element analysis of underground open-ings in an inhomogeneous rock mass[J].Interna-tional Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sci-ences,2002,39(5):217-227.
[23]邱贤德,黄木坤,王心飞,等.数值计算在采空区稳定性评价中的应用[J].矿山压力与顶板管理,2002,19(4):105-110.QIU Xian-de,HUANG Mu-kun,WANG Xin-fei,et al.Application of numerical calculation method inevaluating the stope stability of ore body[J].Ground Pressure and Strata Control,2002,19(4):105-110.
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心