中国大陆浅层地壳实测地应力分布规律研究
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摘要
通过收集中国大陆地区450多个钻孔的地应力实测资料,筛选出受局部因素影响小的450组数据,建立我国垂直应力、最大和最小水平主应力随埋深的分布变化图,研究其变化趋势,并与全球的回归结果进行对比;建立我国最大水平主应力与最小水平主应力之比随埋深的散点分布图,分析水平应力的差异性以及其沿埋深的变化规律;鉴于最大和最小水平主应力的差异大,尤其是在浅部,用最大水平主应力与垂直应力之比更能反映水平构造应力的作用,改进Hoek和Brown用平均水平应力与垂直应力之比进行统计分析的方法和形式,建立我国最大水平主应力与垂直应力之比、最小水平主应力与垂直应力之比随埋深的散点分布图,并进行相应的回归分析。上述统计分析系统总结我国大陆地区地应力场的分布规律,部分统计形式为新的尝试,可为中国地应力场的宏观分布特征研究及相关行业的工程建设提供参考。
Through collecting the measured geostress data from about 400 drillings up to now in China mainland,450 groups of data with less local influence are selected.The trend of the vertical stress,the maximum and the minimum horizontal principal stresses with depth are established;and the results are compared with the world-wide corresponding regression analysis results.The dispersed point charts of ratios of the maximum and the minimum horizontal principal stresses varying with depth in China are established;and the change rules of the ratios with the depth are studied.As the difference between the maximum and the minimum horizontal principal stresses is great,especially in shallow positions,the ratios of the maximum horizontal stresses to the vertical stresses reflect the horizontal tectonic stress better than the average horizontal stress.The geostress statistic analysis method of Hoek and Brown,which uses the ratio of the average horizontal stress to the vertical stress to study the change rules of geostress with depth,is improved.The dispersed point charts of the ratio of the maximum horizontal stress to the vertical stress and the ratio of the minimum horizontal stress to the vertical stress with depth in China are established;and the corresponding regression analysis is also done.The distribution rules of geostress in China mainland is systematically summarizeds;ome statistic forms are used firstly;and the research results can provide references to the study of macroscopic distribution characteristics of geostress in China mainland and for engineering constructions of related industries.
Through collecting the measured geostress data from about 400 drillings up to now in China mainland,450 groups of data with less local influence are selected.The trend of the vertical stress,the maximum and the minimum horizontal principal stresses with depth are established;and the results are compared with the world-wide corresponding regression analysis results.The dispersed point charts of ratios of the maximum and the minimum horizontal principal stresses varying with depth in China are established;and the change rules of the ratios with the depth are studied.As the difference between the maximum and the minimum horizontal principal stresses is great,especially in shallow positions,the ratios of the maximum horizontal stresses to the vertical stresses reflect the horizontal tectonic stress better than the average horizontal stress.The geostress statistic analysis method of Hoek and Brown,which uses the ratio of the average horizontal stress to the vertical stress to study the change rules of geostress with depth,is improved.The dispersed point charts of the ratio of the maximum horizontal stress to the vertical stress and the ratio of the minimum horizontal stress to the vertical stress with depth in China are established;and the corresponding regression analysis is also done.The distribution rules of geostress in China mainland is systematically summarizeds;ome statistic forms are used firstly;and the research results can provide references to the study of macroscopic distribution characteristics of geostress in China mainland and for engineering constructions of related industries.
引文
[1]刘允芳,罗超文,刘元坤.岩体地应力与工程建设[M].武汉:湖北科学技术出版社,2000.(LIU Yunfang,LUO Chaowen,LIU Yuankun.Geostress in rock mass and engineering construction[M].Wuhan:Hubei Science and Technology Press,2000.(in Chinese))
[2]MCCUTCHEN W R.Some element of a theory for in-situ stress[J].Int.J.Rock Mech.Min.Sci.and Geomech.Abstr.,1982,19(6):20l–203.
[3]SHEORY P R.A theory for in-situ stress in isotropic and transversely isotropic rock[J].Int.J.Rock Mech.Min.Sci.and Geomech.Abstr.,1994,31(1):23–34.
[4]周宏伟,谢和平,左建平.深部高地应力下岩石力学行为研究进展[J].力学进展,2005,35(1):91–99.(ZHOU Hongwei,XIE Heping,ZUO Jianping.Developments in researches on mechanical behaviors of rocks under the condition of high ground pressure in the depths[J].Advances in Mechanics,2005,35(1):91–99.(in Chinese))
[5]WOROTNIKI G,DENHAM D.The state stress in the upper part of the Earth′s crust in Australia according to measurements in tunnels and mines and from seismic observation[C]//Investigation of Stress in Rock—Advances in Stress MeasurementI,nt.Soc.Rock Mech.Symp..Sydney,Australia:[s.n.],1976:71–82.
[6]BROWN E T,HOEK E.Technical note trends in relationships between measured in-situ stress and depth[J].Int.J.Rock Mech.Min.Sci.and Geomech.Abstr.,1978,15(4):211–215.
[7]朱焕春,陶振宇.不同岩石中地应力分布[J].地震学报,1994,16(1):49–63.(ZHU Huanchun,TAO Zhenyu.Geostress distributions in different rocks[J].Acta Seismologic Sinica,1994,16(1):49–63.(in Chinese))
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[10]白世伟,李光煜.二滩水电站坝区岩体应力场研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1982,1(1):45–56.(BAI Shiwei,LI Guangyu.Study on stress field of Ertan hydroelectric station[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1982,1(1):45–56.(in Chinese))
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[12]陶振宇,张黎明.地应力与地壳岩石强度之间关系的研究[J].水文地质工程地质,1990,(6):27–30.(TAO Zhenyu,ZHANG Liming.The relation between in-situ stress and crust strength[J].Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,1990,(6):27–30.(in Chinese))
[13]陈家庚,高龙生.原地应力、岩层原地强度及中国大陆之应力场[J].地震学报,1989,11(2):142–152.(CHEN Jiageng,GAO Longsheng.In-situ stress,in-situ strength of rocks and the China mainland stress field[J].Acta Seismolgica Sinica,1989,11(2):142–152.(in Chinese)).
[14]谢富仁,陈群策,崔效锋.中国大陆地壳应力环境研究[M].北京:地质出版社,2003.(XIE Furen,CHEN Qunce,CUI Xiaofeng.The research on the crustal stress in China[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2003.(in Chinese))
[15]赵德安,陈志敏,蔡小林,等.我国地应力场分布规律统计分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(6):1 265–1 271.(ZHAO Dean,CHEN Zhimin,CAI Xiaolin,et al.Analysis of the distribution rule of geostress in China[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(6):1 265–1 271.(in Chinese))
[16]陈彭年,陈宏德,高莉青.世界地应力实测资料汇编[M].北京:地震出版社,1990.(CHEN Pengnian,CHEN Hongde,GAO Liqing.Assembly of in-situ stress in world[M].Beijing:Earthquake Press,1990.(in Chinese))
[17]蔡美峰.地应力测量原理和技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2000.(CAI Meifeng.Principle and techniques of in-situ stress measurement[M].Beijing:Science Press,2000.(in Chinese))
[18]许忠淮.岩石层应力场[J].地震地磁观测与研究,1997,18(1):18–37.(XU Zhonghuai.The stress field in crust[J].Seismological and Geomagnetic Observation and Research,1997,18(1):18–37.(in Chinese))
[19]刘允芳.水压致裂法三维地应力测量[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1991,10(3):246–256.(LIU Yunfang.In-situ 3D stress measurements by hydraulic fracturing technique[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1991,10(3):246–256.(in Chinese))
[20]陈群策,李方全,毛吉震.水压致裂法三维地应力测量的实用性研究[J].地质力学学报,2001,7(1):69–78.(CHEN Qunce,LI Fangquan,MAO Jizhen.Application study of 3D stress measurement by hydraulic fracturing method[J].Journal of Geomechanics,2001,7(1):69–78.(in Chinese))
[21]CORNET F H,WILEVEAU Y,BERT B,et al.Complete stress determination with the HTPF tool in a mountainous region[J].Int.J.Rock Mech.Min.Sci.,1997,34(3/4):497.
[22]葛修润,侯明勋.一种测定深部岩体地应力的新方法——钻孔局部壁面应力全解除法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(23):3 923–3 927.(GE Xiurui,HOU Mingxun.New approach to measurement geostress—local borehole wall complete relief method[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(23):3 923–3 927.(in Chinese))
[23]李方全.套芯法、水压致裂法原地应力测量、钻孔崩落及震源机制解分析所得结果的对比[J].地震学报,1992,14(2):149–155.(LI Fangquan.The contrast of in-situ stress measurement results by relief,hydraulic fracturing,wellbore breakout and focal mechanism methods[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,1992,14(2):149–155.(in Chinese))
[24]ZOBACK M D.Injection induced earthquakes and crustal stress at 9 km depth at the KTB deep drilling site,Germany[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1997,102(B8):18 477–18 491.
[25]蔡美峰,乔兰,于波,等.金川二矿区深部地应力测量及其分布规律研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1999,18(4):414–418.(CAI Meifeng,QIAO Lan,YU Bo,et al.Results and analysis of in-situ stress measurement at deep position of No.2 mining area of Jinchuan nickel mine[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1999,18(4):414–418.(in Chinese))
[26]蔡美峰,陈长臻,彭华.万福煤矿深部水压致裂地应力测量[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(5):1 069–1 074.(CAI Meifeng,CHEN Changzhen,PENG Hua.In-situ stress measurement by hydraulic fracturing techniques in deep position of Wanfu coal mine[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(5):1 069–1 074.(in Chinese))
[27]郭啟良,伍法权,钱卫平,等.乌鞘岭长大深埋隧道围岩变形与地应力关系的研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(12):2 113–2 118.(GUO Qiliang,WU Faquan,QIAN Weiping,et al.Study on relationship between deformation of surrounding rock and in-situ stress in Wushaoling deep-buried rail tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(12):2 113–2 118.(in Chinese))
[28]郭啟良,安其美,赵仕广.水压致裂应力测量在广州抽水蓄能电站设计中的应用研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(6):828–832.(GUO Qiliang,AN Qimei,ZHAO Shiguang.Application of hydraulic fracturing test in design of Guangzhou pump storage project[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(6):828–832.(in Chinese))
[29]王学潮,郭啟良,张辉.青藏高原东北缘水压致裂地应力测量[J].地质力学学报,2000,6(2):64–70.(WANG Xuechao,GUO Qiliang,ZHANG Hui.Crustal stress measurement in north eastern Qinghai—Tibet plateau by hydrofracturing[J].Journal of Geomechanics,2000,6(2):64–70.(in Chinese))
[30]李方全,刘鹏,张钧.原地应力测量对某核废料处置场场地评价的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1993,12(12):55–62.(LI Fangquan,LIU Peng,ZHANG Jun.Application of in-situ stress measurements to the assessment of a site for nuclear waster disposal[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1993,12(12):55–62.(in Chinese)).
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[32]吴满路,廖椿庭,张春山,等.红透山铜矿地应力测量及其分布规律研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(23):3 943–3 947.(WU Manlu,LIAO Chunting,ZHANG Chunshan,et al.Research on in-situ stress measurement and its distribution law in Hongtoushan copper mine[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(23):3 943–3 947.(in Chinese)).
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[34]刘允芳,尹健民,刘元坤.新疆下阪地水利枢纽地应力测量与岩爆究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(2):242–246.(LIU Yunfang,YIN Jianmin,LIU Yuankun.Measurement and study on in-situ stress for Xiabandi hydraulic project,Xinjiang[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(2):242–246.(in Chinese))
[35]刘亚群,罗超文,李海波.南水北调西线工程区地应力测量及地应力场特征分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(20):3 620–3 624.(LIU Yaqun,LUO Chaowen,LI Haibo.Study on in-situ stresses measurements and characteristics of in-situ stresses field in west route of south to north water transfer project[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(20):3 620–3 624.(in Chinese))
[2]MCCUTCHEN W R.Some element of a theory for in-situ stress[J].Int.J.Rock Mech.Min.Sci.and Geomech.Abstr.,1982,19(6):20l–203.
[3]SHEORY P R.A theory for in-situ stress in isotropic and transversely isotropic rock[J].Int.J.Rock Mech.Min.Sci.and Geomech.Abstr.,1994,31(1):23–34.
[4]周宏伟,谢和平,左建平.深部高地应力下岩石力学行为研究进展[J].力学进展,2005,35(1):91–99.(ZHOU Hongwei,XIE Heping,ZUO Jianping.Developments in researches on mechanical behaviors of rocks under the condition of high ground pressure in the depths[J].Advances in Mechanics,2005,35(1):91–99.(in Chinese))
[5]WOROTNIKI G,DENHAM D.The state stress in the upper part of the Earth′s crust in Australia according to measurements in tunnels and mines and from seismic observation[C]//Investigation of Stress in Rock—Advances in Stress MeasurementI,nt.Soc.Rock Mech.Symp..Sydney,Australia:[s.n.],1976:71–82.
[6]BROWN E T,HOEK E.Technical note trends in relationships between measured in-situ stress and depth[J].Int.J.Rock Mech.Min.Sci.and Geomech.Abstr.,1978,15(4):211–215.
[7]朱焕春,陶振宇.不同岩石中地应力分布[J].地震学报,1994,16(1):49–63.(ZHU Huanchun,TAO Zhenyu.Geostress distributions in different rocks[J].Acta Seismologic Sinica,1994,16(1):49–63.(in Chinese))
[8]STACEY T R,WESSELOO J.The in-situ stress regime in Southern Africa[C]//VOUILLE G,BEREST P ed.Proc.9th International Congress on Rock Mechanics.Rotterdam:A.A.Balkema,1999:1 189–1 192.
[9]FUCHS K,MüLLER B.World stress map of the earth:a key to tectonic processes and technological applications[J].Naturwissen-schaften,2001,88:357–371.
[10]白世伟,李光煜.二滩水电站坝区岩体应力场研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1982,1(1):45–56.(BAI Shiwei,LI Guangyu.Study on stress field of Ertan hydroelectric station[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1982,1(1):45–56.(in Chinese))
[11]蔡美峰,王双红.地应力状态与围岩性质的关系研究[J].中国矿业,1997,6(6):38–42.(CAI Meifeng,WANG Shuanghong.Relation between ground stress station and properties of surrounding rock[J].China Mining Magazine,1997,6(6):38–42.(in Chinese))
[12]陶振宇,张黎明.地应力与地壳岩石强度之间关系的研究[J].水文地质工程地质,1990,(6):27–30.(TAO Zhenyu,ZHANG Liming.The relation between in-situ stress and crust strength[J].Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,1990,(6):27–30.(in Chinese))
[13]陈家庚,高龙生.原地应力、岩层原地强度及中国大陆之应力场[J].地震学报,1989,11(2):142–152.(CHEN Jiageng,GAO Longsheng.In-situ stress,in-situ strength of rocks and the China mainland stress field[J].Acta Seismolgica Sinica,1989,11(2):142–152.(in Chinese)).
[14]谢富仁,陈群策,崔效锋.中国大陆地壳应力环境研究[M].北京:地质出版社,2003.(XIE Furen,CHEN Qunce,CUI Xiaofeng.The research on the crustal stress in China[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2003.(in Chinese))
[15]赵德安,陈志敏,蔡小林,等.我国地应力场分布规律统计分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(6):1 265–1 271.(ZHAO Dean,CHEN Zhimin,CAI Xiaolin,et al.Analysis of the distribution rule of geostress in China[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(6):1 265–1 271.(in Chinese))
[16]陈彭年,陈宏德,高莉青.世界地应力实测资料汇编[M].北京:地震出版社,1990.(CHEN Pengnian,CHEN Hongde,GAO Liqing.Assembly of in-situ stress in world[M].Beijing:Earthquake Press,1990.(in Chinese))
[17]蔡美峰.地应力测量原理和技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2000.(CAI Meifeng.Principle and techniques of in-situ stress measurement[M].Beijing:Science Press,2000.(in Chinese))
[18]许忠淮.岩石层应力场[J].地震地磁观测与研究,1997,18(1):18–37.(XU Zhonghuai.The stress field in crust[J].Seismological and Geomagnetic Observation and Research,1997,18(1):18–37.(in Chinese))
[19]刘允芳.水压致裂法三维地应力测量[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1991,10(3):246–256.(LIU Yunfang.In-situ 3D stress measurements by hydraulic fracturing technique[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1991,10(3):246–256.(in Chinese))
[20]陈群策,李方全,毛吉震.水压致裂法三维地应力测量的实用性研究[J].地质力学学报,2001,7(1):69–78.(CHEN Qunce,LI Fangquan,MAO Jizhen.Application study of 3D stress measurement by hydraulic fracturing method[J].Journal of Geomechanics,2001,7(1):69–78.(in Chinese))
[21]CORNET F H,WILEVEAU Y,BERT B,et al.Complete stress determination with the HTPF tool in a mountainous region[J].Int.J.Rock Mech.Min.Sci.,1997,34(3/4):497.
[22]葛修润,侯明勋.一种测定深部岩体地应力的新方法——钻孔局部壁面应力全解除法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(23):3 923–3 927.(GE Xiurui,HOU Mingxun.New approach to measurement geostress—local borehole wall complete relief method[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(23):3 923–3 927.(in Chinese))
[23]李方全.套芯法、水压致裂法原地应力测量、钻孔崩落及震源机制解分析所得结果的对比[J].地震学报,1992,14(2):149–155.(LI Fangquan.The contrast of in-situ stress measurement results by relief,hydraulic fracturing,wellbore breakout and focal mechanism methods[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,1992,14(2):149–155.(in Chinese))
[24]ZOBACK M D.Injection induced earthquakes and crustal stress at 9 km depth at the KTB deep drilling site,Germany[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1997,102(B8):18 477–18 491.
[25]蔡美峰,乔兰,于波,等.金川二矿区深部地应力测量及其分布规律研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1999,18(4):414–418.(CAI Meifeng,QIAO Lan,YU Bo,et al.Results and analysis of in-situ stress measurement at deep position of No.2 mining area of Jinchuan nickel mine[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1999,18(4):414–418.(in Chinese))
[26]蔡美峰,陈长臻,彭华.万福煤矿深部水压致裂地应力测量[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(5):1 069–1 074.(CAI Meifeng,CHEN Changzhen,PENG Hua.In-situ stress measurement by hydraulic fracturing techniques in deep position of Wanfu coal mine[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(5):1 069–1 074.(in Chinese))
[27]郭啟良,伍法权,钱卫平,等.乌鞘岭长大深埋隧道围岩变形与地应力关系的研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(12):2 113–2 118.(GUO Qiliang,WU Faquan,QIAN Weiping,et al.Study on relationship between deformation of surrounding rock and in-situ stress in Wushaoling deep-buried rail tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(12):2 113–2 118.(in Chinese))
[28]郭啟良,安其美,赵仕广.水压致裂应力测量在广州抽水蓄能电站设计中的应用研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(6):828–832.(GUO Qiliang,AN Qimei,ZHAO Shiguang.Application of hydraulic fracturing test in design of Guangzhou pump storage project[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(6):828–832.(in Chinese))
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