西宁盆地浅层滑脱面与地震关系探讨
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摘要
滑脱面空间特征的研究可以反映次级浅断裂与区域深断裂之间的构造关系,在西宁盆地中,第三纪地层在NNE向区域挤压应力作用下,沿近NW向发生弯曲褶皱变形。利用平衡剖面方法,通过对垂直构造走向的一条剖面进行反演,得到西宁盆地的滑脱面深度在4~5 km,并向南倾,与物探资料得到的盆地沉积盖层的底界位置和形态基本相同。因此得出盆地沉积盖层的变形方式以柔皱褶曲为主,并沿沉积盖层底界进行滑脱。同时根据区域地震背景分析,认为在西宁盆地浅滑脱的结构面不具备强震的发震条件。
The space features of the detachment surfaces show the tectonic connection between the shallow secondary faults and the regional deep faults.In the Xining basin,the Tertiary stratum deformation occurs along the direction of NW under action of the regional compressional stress along the direction of NNE.With the balanced profile technology,we draw a conclusion that the detachment surfaces in Xining basin is located at depth of 4~5 kilometers beneath the surface,and inclines towards south,the same result is obtained from the physical exploration data.We consider that the deformation pattern of the sediment cover in the basin is mainly folded,and surges along the bottom of the sediment cover.Based on the analysis above,it is concluded that the shallow detachment surfaces in Xining basin has no background for the strong shock occurrence.
The space features of the detachment surfaces show the tectonic connection between the shallow secondary faults and the regional deep faults.In the Xining basin,the Tertiary stratum deformation occurs along the direction of NW under action of the regional compressional stress along the direction of NNE.With the balanced profile technology,we draw a conclusion that the detachment surfaces in Xining basin is located at depth of 4~5 kilometers beneath the surface,and inclines towards south,the same result is obtained from the physical exploration data.We consider that the deformation pattern of the sediment cover in the basin is mainly folded,and surges along the bottom of the sediment cover.Based on the analysis above,it is concluded that the shallow detachment surfaces in Xining basin has no background for the strong shock occurrence.
引文
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[2]丁国瑜,田勤俭,孔凡臣,等.活断层分段:原则、方法与应用[M].北京:地震出版社,1993.
[3]田勤俭,丁国瑜,申旭辉.青藏高原东北隅强震构造模型[J].地震,2002,22(1):9-16.
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[5]Sara Carena,John Suppe,Honn Kao.Active detachment of Taiwan illuminated by small earth-quakes and its control of first-order topography[J].Geology Geological Society of America,2002,30(10):935-938.
[6]滕吉文,张秉铭,胡家富,等.地震“孕育”的深部介质和构造环境研究[A].中国地震局.中国地震学研究进展[C].北京:地震出版社,1997.255-265.
[7]滕吉文.地球内部物质、能量交换与资源和灾害[J].地学前缘,2001,8(3):1-8.
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[11]袁道阳,刘小龙,张培震,等.青海热水———日月山断裂带的新活动特征[J].地震地质,2003,25(1):155-165.
[12]袁道阳,张培震,雷中生,等.青海拉脊山断裂带新活动特征的初步研究[J].中国地震,2005,21(1):93-102.
[13]李智敏,田勤俭,高占武,等.西宁城市活动断裂地表特征初步研究[J].地震,2005,25(4):119-126.
[14]张军龙,田勤俭,李智敏,等.差分GPS方法在城市活断层探测中的应用探讨[J].地震,2007,27(3):74-82.
[15]Chamberlain R T.The Appalachian folds of central Pennsylvania[J].Journal of Geology,1910,18:228-251.
[16]Chamberlain R T.The building of the Colorado Rockies[J].Journal of Geology,1919,27:225-251.
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[18]Dahlstrom C D A.Structural geology in the eastern margin of the Canadian Rocky Mounlains[J].Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology,1970,18:332-406.
[19]Hossack J R.The use of balanced cross-sections in the calculation of orogenic contraction:A review[J].Journal of theGeological Society of London,1979,136:705-711.
[20]Gibbs A D.Balanced cross-section construction from seismic sections in areas of extensional tectonics[J].Journal of Structural Geology,1983,5(2):153-160.
[21]Gibbs A D.Structural evolution of extensional basin margins[J].J Geol Soc Lond,1984,141:609-620.
[22]Woodward N B,Boyer S E,Suppe J.Balamed Geological Cross-sections-An Essential Technique inGeological Research and Exploration:Short Course in Geology[M].American Geophysical Union,1989.132.
[23]漆家福,陈发景.辽河湾———下辽河断陷盆地的构造样式[J].石油与天然气地质,1992,13(3):68-76.
[24]张功成,蔡希源,周章保,等.裂陷盆地分析原理和方法———以松辽盆地为例[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1996.
[25]漆家福,杨桥,王子煜,等.关于编制盆地构造演化剖面的几个问题的讨论[J].地质论评,2001,47(4):388-392.
[26]梁慧社,张建珍,夏义平,等.平衡剖面技术及其在油气勘探中的应用[M].北京:地震出版社,2002.
[27]陈伟,卢华复,施央申,等.平衡剖面计算机模拟及其应用[M].北京:科学出版社,1993.
[28]薛冈,卢华复,朱成宏,等.伸展区域平衡剖面法及其在构造分析中的应用[J].高校地质学报,2001,7(4):427-434.
[29]岳华,张洪波,李仁甫,等.Geosec平衡剖面技术在M盆地构造研究中的应用[J].勘探地球物理进展,2002,25(4):49-52.
[30]王运所,刘亚洲,张孝义,等.平衡剖面的制作流程及其地质意义[J].长安大学学报(地球科学版),2003,25(1):28-32.
[31]张明山,陈发景.平衡剖面技术应用的条件及实例分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,1998,33(4):532-540.
[32]张军龙.松辽盆地中央坳陷区中部断陷期构造演化分析[D].北京:中国地质大学.
[33]Elliott D.The construction of balanced cross-sections[J].Journal of Structural Geology,1983,5:101.
[34]国家地震局地质研究所,国家地震局兰州地质研究所.祁连山—河西走廊活动断裂系[M].北京:地震出版社,1993.
①青海省地震局,湟水(西宁)盆地活动构造调查及地壳稳定性研究,1996年。
①中国地震局地球物理勘探中心,西宁市城市活断层探测项目浅层人工地震勘探报告,2006年。
[2]丁国瑜,田勤俭,孔凡臣,等.活断层分段:原则、方法与应用[M].北京:地震出版社,1993.
[3]田勤俭,丁国瑜,申旭辉.青藏高原东北隅强震构造模型[J].地震,2002,22(1):9-16.
[4]Wells D L,Coppersmith K J.New empirical relationships among magnitude,rupture length,rup-ture width,rupture area,and surface displacement[J].Seismological Society of America,1994,84(4):974-1 002.
[5]Sara Carena,John Suppe,Honn Kao.Active detachment of Taiwan illuminated by small earth-quakes and its control of first-order topography[J].Geology Geological Society of America,2002,30(10):935-938.
[6]滕吉文,张秉铭,胡家富,等.地震“孕育”的深部介质和构造环境研究[A].中国地震局.中国地震学研究进展[C].北京:地震出版社,1997.255-265.
[7]滕吉文.地球内部物质、能量交换与资源和灾害[J].地学前缘,2001,8(3):1-8.
[8]Wei S Y,Teng J W.A preliminary study of the relationship between the crust and top structure ofthe upper mantle in several large seismic region in China[J].Earthquake Research on China,1987,1(4):567-575.
[9]任纪舜,姜春发,张正坤,等.中国大地构造及其演化[M].北京:科学出版社,1980.
[10]地质部青海省地质局.中华人民共和国地质图说明书西宁幅(1:200000)[M].北京:地图出版社,1965.
[11]袁道阳,刘小龙,张培震,等.青海热水———日月山断裂带的新活动特征[J].地震地质,2003,25(1):155-165.
[12]袁道阳,张培震,雷中生,等.青海拉脊山断裂带新活动特征的初步研究[J].中国地震,2005,21(1):93-102.
[13]李智敏,田勤俭,高占武,等.西宁城市活动断裂地表特征初步研究[J].地震,2005,25(4):119-126.
[14]张军龙,田勤俭,李智敏,等.差分GPS方法在城市活断层探测中的应用探讨[J].地震,2007,27(3):74-82.
[15]Chamberlain R T.The Appalachian folds of central Pennsylvania[J].Journal of Geology,1910,18:228-251.
[16]Chamberlain R T.The building of the Colorado Rockies[J].Journal of Geology,1919,27:225-251.
[17]Dahlstrom C D A.Balanced cross sections[J].Canadian Journal of Earth Science,1969,6:743-757.
[18]Dahlstrom C D A.Structural geology in the eastern margin of the Canadian Rocky Mounlains[J].Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology,1970,18:332-406.
[19]Hossack J R.The use of balanced cross-sections in the calculation of orogenic contraction:A review[J].Journal of theGeological Society of London,1979,136:705-711.
[20]Gibbs A D.Balanced cross-section construction from seismic sections in areas of extensional tectonics[J].Journal of Structural Geology,1983,5(2):153-160.
[21]Gibbs A D.Structural evolution of extensional basin margins[J].J Geol Soc Lond,1984,141:609-620.
[22]Woodward N B,Boyer S E,Suppe J.Balamed Geological Cross-sections-An Essential Technique inGeological Research and Exploration:Short Course in Geology[M].American Geophysical Union,1989.132.
[23]漆家福,陈发景.辽河湾———下辽河断陷盆地的构造样式[J].石油与天然气地质,1992,13(3):68-76.
[24]张功成,蔡希源,周章保,等.裂陷盆地分析原理和方法———以松辽盆地为例[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1996.
[25]漆家福,杨桥,王子煜,等.关于编制盆地构造演化剖面的几个问题的讨论[J].地质论评,2001,47(4):388-392.
[26]梁慧社,张建珍,夏义平,等.平衡剖面技术及其在油气勘探中的应用[M].北京:地震出版社,2002.
[27]陈伟,卢华复,施央申,等.平衡剖面计算机模拟及其应用[M].北京:科学出版社,1993.
[28]薛冈,卢华复,朱成宏,等.伸展区域平衡剖面法及其在构造分析中的应用[J].高校地质学报,2001,7(4):427-434.
[29]岳华,张洪波,李仁甫,等.Geosec平衡剖面技术在M盆地构造研究中的应用[J].勘探地球物理进展,2002,25(4):49-52.
[30]王运所,刘亚洲,张孝义,等.平衡剖面的制作流程及其地质意义[J].长安大学学报(地球科学版),2003,25(1):28-32.
[31]张明山,陈发景.平衡剖面技术应用的条件及实例分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,1998,33(4):532-540.
[32]张军龙.松辽盆地中央坳陷区中部断陷期构造演化分析[D].北京:中国地质大学.
[33]Elliott D.The construction of balanced cross-sections[J].Journal of Structural Geology,1983,5:101.
[34]国家地震局地质研究所,国家地震局兰州地质研究所.祁连山—河西走廊活动断裂系[M].北京:地震出版社,1993.
①青海省地震局,湟水(西宁)盆地活动构造调查及地壳稳定性研究,1996年。
①中国地震局地球物理勘探中心,西宁市城市活断层探测项目浅层人工地震勘探报告,2006年。
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