高温静水应力状态花岗岩中钻孔围岩的流变实验研究
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摘要
采用自主研制的"20MN伺服控制高温高压岩体三轴试验机"对φ200mm×400mm的内含φ40mm钻孔的花岗岩体高温三维静水应力状态的流变特性进行了深入的研究。研究结果表明:(1)花岗岩是由多种晶体胶结而成的脆性坚硬岩石,5000m静水应力以内及600℃以内的恒温恒压状态下,花岗岩中钻孔围岩主要表现为稳态蠕变;当应力达到5000m静水应力,温度为600℃时的蠕变为非稳态蠕变。(2)高温静水应力状态下花岗岩中钻孔围岩蠕变过程存在应力阈值和温度阈值。(3)热力耦合作用下钻孔围岩内部晶间胶结物及晶粒内部产生的位错及微破裂过程,是高温高压下钻孔围岩蠕变存在温度阈值和应力阈值的主要原因。(4)高温静水应力状态下,含有钻孔的花岗岩体流变破坏的应力为5000～6000m的静水应力(125～150MPa),温度为500℃～600℃,破坏形式为压裂破坏、压剪破坏或两者相结合。同时,获得了600℃以内及埋深6000m以内静水应力条件下,不同温度不同埋深静水应力状态下花岗岩中钻孔围岩的蠕变率参数,为高温岩体地热开发钻井井壁稳定性研究提供了重要的力学参数依据。
The research on rheological property,rheological mechanism of surrounding rock of granite under high temperature and high pressure is of great importance to extracting heat from hot dry rock(HDR) and stability of drilling borehole wall. Utilizing the 20 MN servo-controlled triaxial rock testing machine with high temperature and high pressure developed by the authors,the intensive research on the rheological property of large size granite with borehole samples of φ 200 mm×400 mm under high temperature and triaxial hydrostatic stress in depth is carried out. The research results can be found as follows. (1) The granite is a kind of brittle and hard rock,it is constituted with multi-crystal. Surrounding rock in granite shows of steady creep state,main with hydrostatic stress below than 5 000 m in depth and temperature below 600 ℃. However,it appears as unstable creep state when hydrostatic stress is over 5 000 m in depth and temperature above 600 ℃. (2) The creep of surrounding rock of granite has a creep threshold of stress and creep temperature threshold. (3) The main reason of surrounding rock possessing threshold of stress and temperature is the dislocation and cracking of grain and cement of grain under thermo-mechanical coupling. (4) At different temperatures and hydrostatic stresses in depths,the critical hydrostatic stress of rheodestruction of surrounding rock is 5 000–6 000 m;and the critical temperature of rheodestruction is 500 ℃–600 ℃. The failure modes commonly are compression fracture,transpression or both of them. At the same time,the parameters of steady creep state rates of surrounding rock within 600 ℃ and hydrostatic of stress of 6 000 m are obtained;thus it can provide significant mechanical parameter for the stability of HDR borehole wall.
The research on rheological property,rheological mechanism of surrounding rock of granite under high temperature and high pressure is of great importance to extracting heat from hot dry rock(HDR) and stability of drilling borehole wall. Utilizing the 20 MN servo-controlled triaxial rock testing machine with high temperature and high pressure developed by the authors,the intensive research on the rheological property of large size granite with borehole samples of φ 200 mm×400 mm under high temperature and triaxial hydrostatic stress in depth is carried out. The research results can be found as follows. (1) The granite is a kind of brittle and hard rock,it is constituted with multi-crystal. Surrounding rock in granite shows of steady creep state,main with hydrostatic stress below than 5 000 m in depth and temperature below 600 ℃. However,it appears as unstable creep state when hydrostatic stress is over 5 000 m in depth and temperature above 600 ℃. (2) The creep of surrounding rock of granite has a creep threshold of stress and creep temperature threshold. (3) The main reason of surrounding rock possessing threshold of stress and temperature is the dislocation and cracking of grain and cement of grain under thermo-mechanical coupling. (4) At different temperatures and hydrostatic stresses in depths,the critical hydrostatic stress of rheodestruction of surrounding rock is 5 000–6 000 m;and the critical temperature of rheodestruction is 500 ℃–600 ℃. The failure modes commonly are compression fracture,transpression or both of them. At the same time,the parameters of steady creep state rates of surrounding rock within 600 ℃ and hydrostatic of stress of 6 000 m are obtained;thus it can provide significant mechanical parameter for the stability of HDR borehole wall.
引文
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[7]刘泉声,许锡昌.温度作用下脆性岩石的损伤分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(4):408–401.(LIU Quansheng,XU Xichang.Damage analysis of brittle rock at high temperature[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2000,19(4):408–401.(in Chinese))
[8]张曾荣,何绍勋,奚小双.望江花岗岩高温高压流变实验[J].中南工业大学学报,1999,30(3):221–224.(ZHANG Zengrong,HE Shaoxun,XI Xiaoshuang.Rheological test on Wangjiang granite at high temperature and high pressure[J].Journal of Central South University of Technology,1999,30(3):221–224.(in Chinese))
[9]赵阳升,万志军,张渊,等.20MN伺服控制高温高压岩体三轴试验机的研制[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(1):1–8.(ZHAO Yangsheng,WAN Zhijun,ZHANG Yuan,et al.Research and development of20MN servo-controlled rock triaxial testing system with high temperature and high pressure[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(1):1–8.(in Chinese))
[10]刘雄.岩石流变学概论[M].北京:地质出版社,1994.(LIU Xiong.An introduction to rock rheology[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1994.(in Chinese))
[11]POIRIER J P.晶体的高温塑性变形[M].关德林译.大连:大连理工大学出版社,1989.(POIRIER J P.Plasticite a haute temperature des solides cristalins[M].Translated by GUAN Delin.Dalian:Dalian University of Technology Press,1989.(in Chinese))
[12]陈颙.岩石物理学[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2001.(CHEN Yong.Rock physics[M].Beijing:Peking University Press,2001.(in Chinese))
[13]蔚永宁,张德栋.矿物岩石学[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2007.(WEI Yongning,ZHANG Dedong.Mineral geognosy[M].Beijing:China Coal Industry Publishing House,2007.(in Chinese))
[14]周永胜,何昌荣.地壳主要岩石流变参数及华北地壳流变性质研究[J].地震地质,2003,25(1):109–122.(ZHOU Yongsheng,HE Changrong.Rheological parameters of crustal rocks and crustal rheology of North China[J].Seismology and Geology,2003,25(1):109–122.(in Chinese))
[15]赵阳升,孟巧荣,康天合,等.显微CT实验技术与花岗岩热破裂特征的细观研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(1):28–34.(ZHAO Yangsheng,MENG Qiaorong,KANG Tianhe,et al.Micro-CT experimental technology and meso-investigation on thermal fracturing characteristics of granite[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(1):28–34.(in Chinese))
[2]郑雨天.岩石力学的弹塑性黏性理论基础[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1988.(ZHENG Yutian.Theoretical basis of viscoelasto-plasticity to rock mechanics[M].Beijing:China Coal Industry Publishing Press,1988.(in Chinese))
[3]孙钧.岩石流变力学及其工程应用研究的若干进展[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(6):1081–1106.(SUN Jun.Rock rheological mechanics and its advance in engineering applications[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(6):1081–1106.(in Chinese))
[4]FUJII Y,KIYAMA T,ISHIJIMA Y,et al.Circumferential strain behavior during creep tests of brittle rocks[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,1999,36(3):323–337.
[5]黄炳香,邓广哲,王广地.温度影响下北山花岗岩蠕变断裂特性研究[J].岩土力学,2003,24(增):203–206.(HUANG Bingxiang,DENG Guangzhe,WANG Guangdi.Research on character of creep and rupture for Beishan granite under temperature effect[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2003,24(Supp.):203–206.(in Chinese))
[6]徐锡昌,刘泉声.高温下花岗岩的基本力学性质初步研究[J].岩土工程学报,2000,22(3):332–335.(XU Xichang,LIU Quansheng.A preliminary study on basic mechanical properties for granite at high temperature[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2000,22(3):332–335.(in Chinese))
[7]刘泉声,许锡昌.温度作用下脆性岩石的损伤分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(4):408–401.(LIU Quansheng,XU Xichang.Damage analysis of brittle rock at high temperature[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2000,19(4):408–401.(in Chinese))
[8]张曾荣,何绍勋,奚小双.望江花岗岩高温高压流变实验[J].中南工业大学学报,1999,30(3):221–224.(ZHANG Zengrong,HE Shaoxun,XI Xiaoshuang.Rheological test on Wangjiang granite at high temperature and high pressure[J].Journal of Central South University of Technology,1999,30(3):221–224.(in Chinese))
[9]赵阳升,万志军,张渊,等.20MN伺服控制高温高压岩体三轴试验机的研制[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(1):1–8.(ZHAO Yangsheng,WAN Zhijun,ZHANG Yuan,et al.Research and development of20MN servo-controlled rock triaxial testing system with high temperature and high pressure[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(1):1–8.(in Chinese))
[10]刘雄.岩石流变学概论[M].北京:地质出版社,1994.(LIU Xiong.An introduction to rock rheology[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1994.(in Chinese))
[11]POIRIER J P.晶体的高温塑性变形[M].关德林译.大连:大连理工大学出版社,1989.(POIRIER J P.Plasticite a haute temperature des solides cristalins[M].Translated by GUAN Delin.Dalian:Dalian University of Technology Press,1989.(in Chinese))
[12]陈颙.岩石物理学[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2001.(CHEN Yong.Rock physics[M].Beijing:Peking University Press,2001.(in Chinese))
[13]蔚永宁,张德栋.矿物岩石学[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2007.(WEI Yongning,ZHANG Dedong.Mineral geognosy[M].Beijing:China Coal Industry Publishing House,2007.(in Chinese))
[14]周永胜,何昌荣.地壳主要岩石流变参数及华北地壳流变性质研究[J].地震地质,2003,25(1):109–122.(ZHOU Yongsheng,HE Changrong.Rheological parameters of crustal rocks and crustal rheology of North China[J].Seismology and Geology,2003,25(1):109–122.(in Chinese))
[15]赵阳升,孟巧荣,康天合,等.显微CT实验技术与花岗岩热破裂特征的细观研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(1):28–34.(ZHAO Yangsheng,MENG Qiaorong,KANG Tianhe,et al.Micro-CT experimental technology and meso-investigation on thermal fracturing characteristics of granite[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(1):28–34.(in Chinese))
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