基于CALS及Surpac-FLAC～3D耦合技术的复杂空区稳定性分析
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摘要
由于受地质条件和探测技术的限制,传统探测方法很难获得复杂空区精确的实际空间分布形状,由此得到的空区用于建立数值分析模型显得过于粗糙,在此基础上进行空区稳定性分析的可靠性程度不高。采用空区激光自动扫描系统(CALS)对复杂空区进行激光扫描,在获得精准三维点云数据的基础上,运用Surpac软件模拟出空区的三维地质模型,通过耦合方法可以在FLAC3D中生成与实际空区空间分布一致的数值模型,提高复杂空区稳定性计算的准确性和可靠性。选取三道庄露天矿的地下空区作为工程实例,利用CALS获得不规则空区的实际空间边界。在此基础上,运用Surpac进行三维块体模拟,研究Surpac与FLAC3D模型耦合技术,成功地将三维模型数据导入FLAC3D中,结合现场实际勘测的围岩力学参数,对空区进行静力计算,分析空区的稳定性。
Under the restriction of geological conditions and detection technology,accurate data of real space shape of complicated cavity are very difficult to obtain with conventional detection methods.The cavity data detected by these methods are so rough for building model in numerical analysis;and high reliability of stability analysis based on the model can not be reached.Therefore,3D laser scanning for complicated cavity with cavity auto scanning laser system(CALS) is put forward.This system is capable of being inserted into voids and cavities via predrilled boreholes to quickly and safely survey old workings;after exact 3D point cloud data are obtained by using CALS,the data can be processed so as to accurately simulate 3D geological model of the cavity in Surpac software;and then,adopting coupled Surpac-FLAC3D technology,numerical analysis model with real space shape of the cavity is created in FLAC3D,and the stability calculation is conducted in the final phase.Selecting the underground cavity of Sandaozhuang open-pit mine as an example,real space boundary of the irregularly cavity is scanned and 3D block model of the surrounding rock is modelled using the method mentioned above;following that,coupled Surpac-FLAC3D technology has been studied and 3D model data is successfully introduced into FLAC3D software;combining mechanical parameters of surrounding rock based on field tests and other geological conditions,static calculation is performed.According to the calculation results,stability of the cavity is analysed referring to the nephogram of stress and displacement of the surrounding rock,and the accuracy and reliability of the analysis results are greatly improved.
Under the restriction of geological conditions and detection technology,accurate data of real space shape of complicated cavity are very difficult to obtain with conventional detection methods.The cavity data detected by these methods are so rough for building model in numerical analysis;and high reliability of stability analysis based on the model can not be reached.Therefore,3D laser scanning for complicated cavity with cavity auto scanning laser system(CALS) is put forward.This system is capable of being inserted into voids and cavities via predrilled boreholes to quickly and safely survey old workings;after exact 3D point cloud data are obtained by using CALS,the data can be processed so as to accurately simulate 3D geological model of the cavity in Surpac software;and then,adopting coupled Surpac-FLAC3D technology,numerical analysis model with real space shape of the cavity is created in FLAC3D,and the stability calculation is conducted in the final phase.Selecting the underground cavity of Sandaozhuang open-pit mine as an example,real space boundary of the irregularly cavity is scanned and 3D block model of the surrounding rock is modelled using the method mentioned above;following that,coupled Surpac-FLAC3D technology has been studied and 3D model data is successfully introduced into FLAC3D software;combining mechanical parameters of surrounding rock based on field tests and other geological conditions,static calculation is performed.According to the calculation results,stability of the cavity is analysed referring to the nephogram of stress and displacement of the surrounding rock,and the accuracy and reliability of the analysis results are greatly improved.
引文
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[2]国家安全生产监督管理总局,国家煤矿安全监察局.国家安全生产科技发展规划非煤矿山领域研究报告(2004～2010)[R].北京:国家安全生产监督管理总局,国家煤矿安全监察局,2003.(State Administration of Work Safety,State Administration of Coal Mine Safety.State technological development programming of work safety:non-coal mine domain research bulletin(2004-2010)[R].Beijing:State Administration of Work Safety,State Administration of Coal Mine Safety,2003.(in Chinese))
[3]李夕兵,赵国彦,周子龙,等.河南洛钼集团三道庄露天矿采空区综合治理技术研究[R].长沙:中南大学,2005.(LI Xibing,ZHAO Guoyan,ZHOU Zilong,et al.Research on integrated controlling technology of underground mined-out areas in Sandaozhuang mine of China Molybdenum Co.,Ltd.[R].Changsha:Central South University,2005.(in Chinese))
[4]李夕兵,李地元,赵国彦,等.金属矿地下采空区探测、处理与安全评判[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2006,23(1):24-29.(LI Xibing,LI Diyuan,ZHAO Guoyan,et al.Detecting,disposal and safety evaluation of the underground goaf in metal mines[J].Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering,2006,23(1):24-29.(in Chinese))
[5]宫凤强,李夕兵,董陇军,等.基于未确知测度理论的采空区危险性评价研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(2):323-330.(GONG Fengqiang,LI Xibing,DONG Longjun,et al.Underground goaf risk evaluation based on uncertainty measurement theory[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(2):323-330.(in Chinese))
[6]HUBER D,VANDAPEL N.Automatic three-dimensional underground mine mapping[J].International Journal of Robotics Research,2006,25(1):7-17.
[7]童立元,刘松玉,邱钰,等.高速公路下伏采空区问题国内外研究现状及进展[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(7):1 198-1 202.(TONG Liyuan,LIU Songyu,QIU Yu,et al.Current research state of problems associated with mined-out regions under expressway and future development[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(7):1 198-1 202.(in Chinese))
[8]程久龙,胡克峰,王玉和,等.探地雷达探测地下采空区的研究[J].岩土力学,2004,25(增):79-82.(CHENG Jiulong,HU Kefeng,WANG Yuhe,et al.Research on detecting of underground mined-out areas by using GPR[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2004,25(Supp.):79-82.(in Chinese))
[9]林厚龙,岳来群,刘耘,等.高密度电阻率法在阿联酋某城C9～C11测区溶洞勘察中的应用[J].福建地质,2001,20(4):201-206.(LIN Houlong,YUE Laiqun,LIU Yun,et al.Application of the high density resistivity survey to detecting water-eroded caves in the sector C9-C11 of Khalifa City B,Abu Dhabi,United Arab Emirates[J].Geology of Fujian,2001,20(4):201-206.(in Chinese))
[10]姜鹰,曹哲明,刘铁.高频大地电磁法在宜万铁路隧道岩溶的应用[J].工程地球物理学报,2006,3(3):206-210.(JIANG Ying,CAO Zheming,LIU Tie.Application of high frequency mageneto-telluric method to the karst exploration of the tunnel along Yichang—Wanzhou Railroad[J].Chinese Journal of Engineering Geophysics,2006,3(3):206-210.(in Chinese))
[11]王万顺,张波,耿玉岭,等.高分辨率地震及大能量瑞雷波法在采空区探测中的应用[J].中国煤田地质,2004,16(6):44-46.(WANG Wanshun,ZHANG Bo,GENG Yuling,et al.Application of high resolution seismic and large energy Rayleigh wave methods in goaf detection[J].Coal Geology of China,2004,16(6):44-46.(in Chinese))
[12]余卫平,汪小刚,杨健,等.地下洞室群围岩稳定性分析及其结果的可视化[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(20):3 730-3 736.(YU Weiping,WANG Xiaogang,YANG Jian,et al.Stability analysis of surrounding rock of underground excavations and visualization of its results[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(20):3 730-3 736.(in Chinese))
[13]李仲奎,戴荣,姜逸明.FLAC3D分析中的初始应力场生成及在大型地下洞室群计算中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(增2):2 387-2 392.(LI Zhongkui,DAI Rong,JIANG Yiming.Improvement of the generation of the initial stress field by using FLAC3D and application to a huge understand cavern group[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(Supp.2):2 387-2 392.(in Chinese))
[14]杨为民,陈卫忠,李术才,等.快速拉格朗日法分析巨型地下洞室群稳定性[J].岩土工程学报,2005,27(2):230-234.(YANG Weimin,CHEN Weizhong,LI Shucai,et al.Analysis of stability of surrounding rock of Longtan large underground powerhouse with FLAC3D[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2005,27(2):230-234.(in Chinese))
[15]Measurement Devices Ltd..Cavity auto scanning laser system(CALS)manual[R].York,UK:Measurement Devices Ltd.,2006.
[16]高山.I-SITE3D激光成像系统在矿山勘测工程的应用[J].铁道勘察,2004,30(6):38-40.(GAO Shan.Application of the I-SITE3D laser imagery system in mine survey[J].Railway Investigation and Surveying,2004,30(6):38-40.(in Chinese))
[17]Itasca Consulting Group Inc..FLAC3D theoretical background(version 2.1)[R].Minneapolis:Itasca Consulting Group Inc.,2003.
[18]蔡美峰,何满潮,刘东燕.岩石力学与工程[M].北京:科学出版社,2002.(CAI Meifeng,HE Manchao,LIU Dongyan.Rock mechanics and engineering[M].Beijing:Science Press,2002.(in Chinese))
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