磁流变液的研究与应用
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摘要
磁流变液是最有发展前景的智能材料,磁流变液技术的剪切模式(使用在离合器和制动器上)和流动模式(使用在阻尼器上)已经研究得比较深入,几种磁流变器件已经进入市场。磁流变液响应迅速、操作简单和控制精确等优良特性,将会使其有更宽广的应用范围。该文回顾了10年来磁流变液的研究状况,介绍了磁流变液的特性、组成、工作模式及工程应用,提出进一步要解决的问题及展望磁流变液技术的发展前景。
The magnetic rheology liquid is an intellectual material with developing prospects.The shearing mode(being applied to clutches and brakes) and the flowing mode(being applied to dampers) of magnetic rheology liquid have already been studied rather deeply,several kinds of magnetic rheology appliances have already accessed into the market.Good characteristics of rapid response,simple manipulation and accurate control made it possessing more broad range of applications.This paper reviewed the researching status of magnetic rheology liquid over the last ten years,introduced the character,constitution,working mode and engineering application of magnetic rheology liquid,and finally put forward the problems to be further solved and expectations on the development prospects of magnetic rheology liquid technology.
The magnetic rheology liquid is an intellectual material with developing prospects.The shearing mode(being applied to clutches and brakes) and the flowing mode(being applied to dampers) of magnetic rheology liquid have already been studied rather deeply,several kinds of magnetic rheology appliances have already accessed into the market.Good characteristics of rapid response,simple manipulation and accurate control made it possessing more broad range of applications.This paper reviewed the researching status of magnetic rheology liquid over the last ten years,introduced the character,constitution,working mode and engineering application of magnetic rheology liquid,and finally put forward the problems to be further solved and expectations on the development prospects of magnetic rheology liquid technology.
引文
[1]Kordonsky W I.Magnetorheological effect as a base of new devicesand technologies[J].Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,1993,122(1-3):395-398.
[2]Winslow.Methods and means for transmitting electrical impulses intomechanical force[P].US Patent 2417850,1947.
[3]Rabinow.The magnetic fluid clutch[J].AIEE Transactions,1948,67:1 308-1 315.
[4]Carlson J D,Catanzarite D M,Clair K A.Commercial magneto-rheo-logical fluid devices,and associated Technologies[C].In:Proc ofthe 5th Int Conf on ER Fluids and MR Suspensions and AssociatedTechnology,Singapore:World Scientific,1996:20-28.
[5]Carlson J D.Low-cost MR fluid sponge devices[J].Intelligent Ma-terial Systems and Structures,2000,10(8):589-594.
[6]Carlson J D,John C.Controllable Brake[P].US Patent,5842547,1998.
[7]Carlson J D,Clair KASt,Chrzan MJ.Controllable vibration appara-tus[P].US Patent,5878851,1999.
[8]Ginder J M,Davis L C,Elie L D.Rheology of magnetotheologicalfluids:models and measurements[C].In:Proc of the 5th Int Confon ER Fluids and MR Suspensions and Associated Technology,Sin-gapore:World Scientific,1996:504-514.
[9]Ginder J M.Behavior of magnetorheological fluids[J].MRS Bulle-tin,1998,23(8):26-29.
[10]Phule P P,Ginder J M.Synthesis and properties of novel magneto-rheological fluids having improved stability and redispersbility[C].In:Proc of the 6th Int Conf on Electro-rheological Fluids,Magneto-rheological Suspensions and Their Application,Singapore:World Sci-entific,1998:445-453.
[11]Ulicny J C,Mance A M.Evaluation of electroless nickel surfacetreatment for iron powder used in MR fluids[J].Materials Scienceand Engineering,2004,369(1-2):309-313.
[12]Foister R T.Magnetorheological fluids[P].US Patent,5667715,1997.
[13]Gopalswamy S.Magneto-rheological transmission clutch[P].US Pa-tent,5896965,l999.
[14]Ashour D.Manufacturing and characterization of magnetorheologicalfluids[C].In:Smart Materials Technologies Meeting.San Diego,USA:SPIE Proceedings,1997,3030:174-184.
[15]Kordonski C.Electrorheological and magnetorheological fluids inblast resistant design applications[C].In:Proc of the 5th Int Confon ER Fluids and MR Suspensions and Associated Technology,Sin-gapore:World Sientific,1996:1-12.
[16]El Wahed AK,Sproston J L,Schleyer Graham K,et al.Electrorheo-logical and magnetorheological fluids in blast resistant design applica-tions[J].Material and Design,2002,23(4):391-404.
[17]El Wahed A K,Sproston J L,Stanway R.The performance of elec-trorheological fluid in dynamic squeeze flow:the influence of solidphase size[J].J Colloid Interface Sci.,1999,211(2):264-280.
[18]Kordonsky W I.Magnetorheological effect as a base of new devicesand technologies[J].Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,1993,122(1-3):395-398.
[19]Kordonsky W I.Additional magnetic dispersed phase improves theMR-fluid properties[J].Intelligent Material systems and structures,1996,7(5):522-525.
[20]Kormann C,Laun H M,Richter H J.MR fluids with nano-sizedmagnetic parti-cles[J].International Journal of Modern Physics B,1996,10:3 167-3 172.
[21]Cutillas S,Bossis G,Cebers A.Rheological properties of MR fluids[J].Rev E,1998,57(1):804-811.
[22]Bossis G,Khuzir P,Lacis S.Yield behavior of magnetorheologicalsuspensions[J].Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,2003:258-259;456-458.
[23]Jin K.Wen W.The evolution of bending chains in magnetor-heo1ogical fluid at external field[J].Physics Letters A,2001,286(5):347-352.
[24]Chen K C,Yeh C S.Description of magnetorheological behavior in-ternal variables[J].International Journal of Engineering Science,2002,40(4):461-482.
[25]常建,杨运民,彭向和,等.一种磁流变液流变特性测试装置的研究[J].仪器仪表学报,2001,22(4):354-368.
[26]廖昌荣,余森.汽车磁流变减振器设计原理及实验测试[J].中国机械工程,2002,13(16):1 391-1 394.
[27]黄金,杨岩.圆筒式磁流变液制动原理及转矩分析[J].固体力学学报,2002,23:25-29.
[28]张先舟,张培强.基于磁流变液相变技术的柔性夹具[J].实验力学,2003,18(2):185-192.
[29]黄金,周刚毅.磁流变液剪切屈服应力的数值计算[J].中国科技大学学报,2001,31(2):168-173.
[30]李秀错,张建永.添加剂对铁/聚丙烯酸锂复合微粒-硅油电流变和磁流变效应的影响[J].复合材料学报,2000,17(4):119-123.
[31]何亚东,黄金枝.智能磁流变阻尼器的半主动控制研究[J].振动工程学报,2003,16(2):198-202.
[32]倪建华,张智谦.一种新型的磁流变阻尼器及其在半主动控制车辆悬架中的应用研究[J].机械科学与技术,2004,23(l):7-10.
[33]汪建晓,孟光.磁流变液阻尼器-转子-滑动轴承系统稳定性实验研究[J].振动工程学报,2003,16(l):71-74.
[34]汪建晓,孟光.磁流变液阻尼器-柔性转子系统振动特性与控制的再研究[J].机械强度,2003,25(4):378-383.
[35]隋莉莉,欧进萍.半主动磁流变减振驱动器的工作原理及应用[J].哈尔滨建筑大学,2002,35(3):9-13.
[36]彭金松,萧蕴诗,苏永清,等.磁流变液特性和潜在应用[J].液压与气动,2003(8):27-29.
[37]刘奇,张平,王东亚.磁流变体(MFR)材料的制备与性能研究[J].功能材料,2001,32(3):257-259.
[38]周强,瞿伟廉.磁流变阻尼器的两种力学模型和试验验证[J].地震工程与工程振动,2002,22(4):14-150.
[39]程海斌,李立春,官建国,等.纳米Fe3O4/Fe复合磁流变液流变性[J].中国粉体技术,2003,9(4):22-25.
[40]丁立强,梅德庆,陈子辰,等.磁流变阻尼技术及其应用[J].机电工程,2003,20(5):109-112.
[41]Ashour O.Magnetorheological fluids:materials,characterization anddevices[J].J.Intel.Marter.Sys.&Struct.,1996,7(2):123-130.
[42]杨侍清,张万里.磁流变液的流变学性质研究[J].功能材料,1998,29(5):550-552.
[43]Jolly MR,Bender J W,Carlson J D.Properties and applications ofcommercial magneto-rheological fluids[J].J.Intel.Mat.Sys.T.Str.,1999,10(1)5-13.
[44]Olabi AG.Grunwald A.Design and application of magneto-rheologi-cal fluid[J].Materials and Design,2007,28:2 658-2 664.
[45]Dyke S J.Modeling and control of magnetorheological dampers forseismic response reduction[J].Smart Mater Struct,1996,5(5):565-575.
[46]Anon.Brake cus exeecise-equipment cost[J].Design News,1995,50(23):39.
[47]Gary.Passive magnetorheological clutch[P].US Patent 5848678A,1998.
[48]Carlson.Magnetorheological brake with integrated flywheel[P].USPatent 6186290,2001.
[49]Kavlieoglu B M,Gordaninejad F.A high-torque magneto-rheologicalfluid clutch[C].In:Proceedings of SPIE Conference on Smart Mate-rials and structures.San Diego:World Scientific,2002,4697:393-400.
[50]徐国梁,陈锵,江万权,等.径向自加压磁流变液离合器[P].中国专利:00104451.6,2002.
[51]汪建晓,孟光,陈运西.挤压式磁流变液阻尼器-转子系统的动力学特性与控制[J].机械工程学报,2004,40(3):76-83.
[52]Tang X,Zhang X,Tao R.Structure-enhanced yield strength of MRfluids[J].Applied Physics,2000,87(5):2 634-2 638.
[53]Zhang XZ,Gong XL.Study on the mechanism of the squeeze-strengthen effect in magnetorheological fluids[J].J.Appl.Phys.,2004,96(4):2 359-2 364.
[2]Winslow.Methods and means for transmitting electrical impulses intomechanical force[P].US Patent 2417850,1947.
[3]Rabinow.The magnetic fluid clutch[J].AIEE Transactions,1948,67:1 308-1 315.
[4]Carlson J D,Catanzarite D M,Clair K A.Commercial magneto-rheo-logical fluid devices,and associated Technologies[C].In:Proc ofthe 5th Int Conf on ER Fluids and MR Suspensions and AssociatedTechnology,Singapore:World Scientific,1996:20-28.
[5]Carlson J D.Low-cost MR fluid sponge devices[J].Intelligent Ma-terial Systems and Structures,2000,10(8):589-594.
[6]Carlson J D,John C.Controllable Brake[P].US Patent,5842547,1998.
[7]Carlson J D,Clair KASt,Chrzan MJ.Controllable vibration appara-tus[P].US Patent,5878851,1999.
[8]Ginder J M,Davis L C,Elie L D.Rheology of magnetotheologicalfluids:models and measurements[C].In:Proc of the 5th Int Confon ER Fluids and MR Suspensions and Associated Technology,Sin-gapore:World Scientific,1996:504-514.
[9]Ginder J M.Behavior of magnetorheological fluids[J].MRS Bulle-tin,1998,23(8):26-29.
[10]Phule P P,Ginder J M.Synthesis and properties of novel magneto-rheological fluids having improved stability and redispersbility[C].In:Proc of the 6th Int Conf on Electro-rheological Fluids,Magneto-rheological Suspensions and Their Application,Singapore:World Sci-entific,1998:445-453.
[11]Ulicny J C,Mance A M.Evaluation of electroless nickel surfacetreatment for iron powder used in MR fluids[J].Materials Scienceand Engineering,2004,369(1-2):309-313.
[12]Foister R T.Magnetorheological fluids[P].US Patent,5667715,1997.
[13]Gopalswamy S.Magneto-rheological transmission clutch[P].US Pa-tent,5896965,l999.
[14]Ashour D.Manufacturing and characterization of magnetorheologicalfluids[C].In:Smart Materials Technologies Meeting.San Diego,USA:SPIE Proceedings,1997,3030:174-184.
[15]Kordonski C.Electrorheological and magnetorheological fluids inblast resistant design applications[C].In:Proc of the 5th Int Confon ER Fluids and MR Suspensions and Associated Technology,Sin-gapore:World Sientific,1996:1-12.
[16]El Wahed AK,Sproston J L,Schleyer Graham K,et al.Electrorheo-logical and magnetorheological fluids in blast resistant design applica-tions[J].Material and Design,2002,23(4):391-404.
[17]El Wahed A K,Sproston J L,Stanway R.The performance of elec-trorheological fluid in dynamic squeeze flow:the influence of solidphase size[J].J Colloid Interface Sci.,1999,211(2):264-280.
[18]Kordonsky W I.Magnetorheological effect as a base of new devicesand technologies[J].Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,1993,122(1-3):395-398.
[19]Kordonsky W I.Additional magnetic dispersed phase improves theMR-fluid properties[J].Intelligent Material systems and structures,1996,7(5):522-525.
[20]Kormann C,Laun H M,Richter H J.MR fluids with nano-sizedmagnetic parti-cles[J].International Journal of Modern Physics B,1996,10:3 167-3 172.
[21]Cutillas S,Bossis G,Cebers A.Rheological properties of MR fluids[J].Rev E,1998,57(1):804-811.
[22]Bossis G,Khuzir P,Lacis S.Yield behavior of magnetorheologicalsuspensions[J].Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,2003:258-259;456-458.
[23]Jin K.Wen W.The evolution of bending chains in magnetor-heo1ogical fluid at external field[J].Physics Letters A,2001,286(5):347-352.
[24]Chen K C,Yeh C S.Description of magnetorheological behavior in-ternal variables[J].International Journal of Engineering Science,2002,40(4):461-482.
[25]常建,杨运民,彭向和,等.一种磁流变液流变特性测试装置的研究[J].仪器仪表学报,2001,22(4):354-368.
[26]廖昌荣,余森.汽车磁流变减振器设计原理及实验测试[J].中国机械工程,2002,13(16):1 391-1 394.
[27]黄金,杨岩.圆筒式磁流变液制动原理及转矩分析[J].固体力学学报,2002,23:25-29.
[28]张先舟,张培强.基于磁流变液相变技术的柔性夹具[J].实验力学,2003,18(2):185-192.
[29]黄金,周刚毅.磁流变液剪切屈服应力的数值计算[J].中国科技大学学报,2001,31(2):168-173.
[30]李秀错,张建永.添加剂对铁/聚丙烯酸锂复合微粒-硅油电流变和磁流变效应的影响[J].复合材料学报,2000,17(4):119-123.
[31]何亚东,黄金枝.智能磁流变阻尼器的半主动控制研究[J].振动工程学报,2003,16(2):198-202.
[32]倪建华,张智谦.一种新型的磁流变阻尼器及其在半主动控制车辆悬架中的应用研究[J].机械科学与技术,2004,23(l):7-10.
[33]汪建晓,孟光.磁流变液阻尼器-转子-滑动轴承系统稳定性实验研究[J].振动工程学报,2003,16(l):71-74.
[34]汪建晓,孟光.磁流变液阻尼器-柔性转子系统振动特性与控制的再研究[J].机械强度,2003,25(4):378-383.
[35]隋莉莉,欧进萍.半主动磁流变减振驱动器的工作原理及应用[J].哈尔滨建筑大学,2002,35(3):9-13.
[36]彭金松,萧蕴诗,苏永清,等.磁流变液特性和潜在应用[J].液压与气动,2003(8):27-29.
[37]刘奇,张平,王东亚.磁流变体(MFR)材料的制备与性能研究[J].功能材料,2001,32(3):257-259.
[38]周强,瞿伟廉.磁流变阻尼器的两种力学模型和试验验证[J].地震工程与工程振动,2002,22(4):14-150.
[39]程海斌,李立春,官建国,等.纳米Fe3O4/Fe复合磁流变液流变性[J].中国粉体技术,2003,9(4):22-25.
[40]丁立强,梅德庆,陈子辰,等.磁流变阻尼技术及其应用[J].机电工程,2003,20(5):109-112.
[41]Ashour O.Magnetorheological fluids:materials,characterization anddevices[J].J.Intel.Marter.Sys.&Struct.,1996,7(2):123-130.
[42]杨侍清,张万里.磁流变液的流变学性质研究[J].功能材料,1998,29(5):550-552.
[43]Jolly MR,Bender J W,Carlson J D.Properties and applications ofcommercial magneto-rheological fluids[J].J.Intel.Mat.Sys.T.Str.,1999,10(1)5-13.
[44]Olabi AG.Grunwald A.Design and application of magneto-rheologi-cal fluid[J].Materials and Design,2007,28:2 658-2 664.
[45]Dyke S J.Modeling and control of magnetorheological dampers forseismic response reduction[J].Smart Mater Struct,1996,5(5):565-575.
[46]Anon.Brake cus exeecise-equipment cost[J].Design News,1995,50(23):39.
[47]Gary.Passive magnetorheological clutch[P].US Patent 5848678A,1998.
[48]Carlson.Magnetorheological brake with integrated flywheel[P].USPatent 6186290,2001.
[49]Kavlieoglu B M,Gordaninejad F.A high-torque magneto-rheologicalfluid clutch[C].In:Proceedings of SPIE Conference on Smart Mate-rials and structures.San Diego:World Scientific,2002,4697:393-400.
[50]徐国梁,陈锵,江万权,等.径向自加压磁流变液离合器[P].中国专利:00104451.6,2002.
[51]汪建晓,孟光,陈运西.挤压式磁流变液阻尼器-转子系统的动力学特性与控制[J].机械工程学报,2004,40(3):76-83.
[52]Tang X,Zhang X,Tao R.Structure-enhanced yield strength of MRfluids[J].Applied Physics,2000,87(5):2 634-2 638.
[53]Zhang XZ,Gong XL.Study on the mechanism of the squeeze-strengthen effect in magnetorheological fluids[J].J.Appl.Phys.,2004,96(4):2 359-2 364.
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