向斜构造煤与瓦斯突出机理探讨
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摘要
为了确定向斜构造煤与瓦斯突出机理,从应力、煤体结构特征和瓦斯压力及含量等方面对向斜构造进行了分析.利用弹性梁的应力、应变理论,分析了煤层与围岩组成的软硬互层系统的层间滑动特征和应力-应变特征、煤体宏观与微观结构特征、瓦斯压力与瓦斯含量分布特征.研究表明,向斜构造的两翼与轴部中性层以上为高压区,中性层以下为相对低压区,距离向斜轴部越近,主应力及其梯度越大.向斜构造形成过程中的层间滑动造成煤体原生结构遭到破坏,煤体强度降低,煤层增厚.向斜构造部位瓦斯生成量亦相对较高,同时中性层以上煤(岩)体中的裂隙和孔隙被压密、压实而闭合,阻止了下部瓦斯的向上逸散,中性层以下的张性作用下的断裂或折裂面、煤体中的割理、节理等降低了解吸压力,形成良好的瓦斯聚集空间,也有助于煤层中吸附瓦斯的解吸,使得向斜轴部瓦斯含量较高.向斜构造同时具备的高地应力、高瓦斯压力(含量)和构造煤发育等3个因素是其发生煤与瓦斯突出的主要原因.
In order to determine the mechanism of the coal and gas outburst in the syncline,it should be analyzed from stress,the property of coal structure to the press and content of gas in the syncline.With the stress and strain theory of elastic beam,the follow was researched in alternative distributed soft and hard system constructed by the coal and rock: the interlayer glide the characteristic,the stress-strain characteristic,the macro and micro structure characteristic of the coal and the gas press(content) characteristic.The research shows that it is high stress region at both schank and axis above neutral layer,low pressure field below the neutral layer.The shorter the distance is to synclinal axis,the larger the stress and the grads.During the syncline structure was formed,the primary structure of the coal was destroyed because of interlayer glide,and this generated the tectonic coal.The fracture and pore structure above the neutral layer was compressed to close,so the gas was prevent to emission.The space under neutral layer formed a good condition for gas storage.So the gas content was higher in axis than schank.So the main reason of coal and gas outburst in syncline is at where high stress,high gas content(press) and tectonic coal are formed at the same time.
In order to determine the mechanism of the coal and gas outburst in the syncline,it should be analyzed from stress,the property of coal structure to the press and content of gas in the syncline.With the stress and strain theory of elastic beam,the follow was researched in alternative distributed soft and hard system constructed by the coal and rock: the interlayer glide the characteristic,the stress-strain characteristic,the macro and micro structure characteristic of the coal and the gas press(content) characteristic.The research shows that it is high stress region at both schank and axis above neutral layer,low pressure field below the neutral layer.The shorter the distance is to synclinal axis,the larger the stress and the grads.During the syncline structure was formed,the primary structure of the coal was destroyed because of interlayer glide,and this generated the tectonic coal.The fracture and pore structure above the neutral layer was compressed to close,so the gas was prevent to emission.The space under neutral layer formed a good condition for gas storage.So the gas content was higher in axis than schank.So the main reason of coal and gas outburst in syncline is at where high stress,high gas content(press) and tectonic coal are formed at the same time.
引文
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[15]刘彦伟,潘辉,刘明举,等.鹤壁矿区煤与瓦斯突出规律及其控制因素分析[J].煤矿安全,2006(12):13-16.Liu Yanwei,Pan Hui,Liu Mingju,et al.Analyzing of rules and controlling factors of coal and gas outburst in Hebi miningarea[J].Safety in Coal Mines,2006(12):13-16.
[16]杨荣丰,柳祖汉,杨孟达,等.嘉禾袁家矿区浦溪井控制煤与瓦斯突出的地质因素分析[J].湖南地质,2002(3):182-185.Yang Rongfeng,Liu Zuhan,Yang Mengda,et al.Main geological factors affecting coal and gas outbursts in Puxi coal district[J].Hunan Geology,2002(3):182-185.
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[18]兰姆塞J G,胡伯M T.现代构造地质学方法[M].徐树桐,译.北京:地质出版社,1991.Ramsay J G,Huber M T.The techniques of modern structural geology volume 2,folds and fractures[M].Xu Shutong,trans.Beijing:The Geological Publishing House,1991.
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[20]刘俊杰.王营井田地下水与煤层气赋存运移的关系[J].煤炭学报,1998,23(3):225-230.Liu Junjie.Relation between occurrence of groundwater and migration of coalbed methane in Wangying Mine field[J].Jour-nal of China Coal Society,1998,23(3):225-230.
[2]蔡成功,王佑安.煤与瓦斯突出一般规律定性定量分析研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2004,14(6):109-112.Cai Chenggong,Wang Youan.Qualitative and quantitative analysis of general regularity of coal and gas outburst[J].ChinaSafety Science Journal,2004,14(6):109-112.
[3]康继武.褶皱构造控制煤层瓦斯的基本类型[J].煤田地质与勘探,1994,22(1):30-32.Kang Jiwu.The basic types of gas controlled by fold structures[J].Coal Geology&Exploration,1994,22(1):30-32.
[4]郭德勇,韩德馨.地质构造控制煤和瓦斯突出作用类型研究[J].煤炭学报,1998,23(4):337-341.Guo Deyong,Han Dexin.Research on the types of geological tectonic controlling coal and gas outbursts[J].Journal of ChinaCoal Society,1998,23(4):337-341.
[5]朱志敏,崔洪庆,宋文杰.阜新煤田王营-刘家区煤层气向斜控气研究[J].天然气地球科学,2004,15(6):673-675.Zhu Zhiming,Cui Hongqing,Song Wenjie.The study of syncline controlling coalbed methane in Wangying-Liujia district inFuxin coal field[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2004,15(6):673-675.
[6]李贵中,王红岩,吴立新,等.煤层气向斜控气论[J].天然气工业,2005(1):26-28.Li Guizhong,Wang Hongyan,Wu Lixin,et al.Theory of syncline-controlled coalbed methane[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2005(1):26-28.
[7]陈练武.韩城矿区北区破坏煤特征及影响因素分析[J].西安地质学院学报,1997,19(S):19-22.Chen Lianwu.Developing feature of broken coal and its affecting factors in the north of Hancheng mining district[J].Journalof Earth Sciences and Environment,1997,19(S):19-22.
[8]朱兴珊.南桐矿区构造对破坏煤发育的控制[J].山东矿业学院学报(自然科学版),1999,18(4):90-94.Zhu Xingshan.The effect of geological structure of Nantong mining area on the control of broken coal development[J].Jour-nal of Shandong Institute of Mining and Technology(Natural Science),1999,18(4):90-94.
[9]王生全,王英,曹雪梅.石嘴山一矿煤体结构变化的地质控制[J].西安科技学院学报,2003,23(1):41-45.Wang Shengquan,Wang Ying,Cao Xuemei.Geological controls of coal body structure at No.1 Mine in Shizuishan Mine area[J].Journal of Xi’an University of Science and Technology,2003,23(1):41-45.
[10]王桂梁.论中国煤矿中的叠加褶皱[J].地学前缘,1995,6(S):175-182.Wang Guiliang.Discussion on superposed folds in caol mines of China[J].Earth Science Frontiers,1995,6(S):175-182.
[11]王生全,王贵荣,常青.褶皱中和面对煤层的控制性研究[J].煤田地质与勘探,2006,34(4):16-18.Wang Shengquan,Wang Guirong,Chang qing.Controlling effect of the fold neutral plane on coal bed[J].Coal Geology&Exploration,2006,34(4):16-18.
[12]何俊,刘明举,颜爱华.煤田地质构造与瓦斯突出关系分形研究[J].煤炭学报,2002,27(6):623-626.He Jun,Liu Mingju,Yan Aihua.Fractal research of relation between geological tectonic coalfields and gas outburst[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2002,27(6):623-626.
[13]张铁岗.平顶山矿区煤与瓦斯突出的预测及防治[J].煤炭学报,2001,26(2):172-177.Zhang Tiegang.Prediction and control of coal and gas outburst in Pingdingshan mining area[J].Journal of China Coal Soci-ety,2001,26(2):172-177.
[14]汪禄生,曹运江,谭西德,等.利民煤矿煤与瓦斯突出的地质构造条件研究[J].焦作工学院学报(自然科学版),2002,21(4):251-256.Wang Lusheng,Cao Yunjiang,Tan Xide,et al.On geological structure condition of coal and gas outburst in Limin Colliery[J].Journal of Jiaozuo Institute of Technolog(Natural Science),2002,21(4):251-256.
[15]刘彦伟,潘辉,刘明举,等.鹤壁矿区煤与瓦斯突出规律及其控制因素分析[J].煤矿安全,2006(12):13-16.Liu Yanwei,Pan Hui,Liu Mingju,et al.Analyzing of rules and controlling factors of coal and gas outburst in Hebi miningarea[J].Safety in Coal Mines,2006(12):13-16.
[16]杨荣丰,柳祖汉,杨孟达,等.嘉禾袁家矿区浦溪井控制煤与瓦斯突出的地质因素分析[J].湖南地质,2002(3):182-185.Yang Rongfeng,Liu Zuhan,Yang Mengda,et al.Main geological factors affecting coal and gas outbursts in Puxi coal district[J].Hunan Geology,2002(3):182-185.
[17]黄家会,陈兴祥,陆国桢.淮北矿区宿东向斜8号煤层瓦斯赋存规律研究[J].焦作工学院学报,1997,16(2):41-45.Huang Jiahui,Chen Xingxiang,Lu Guozhen.Studies on the principle of gas bearing in coal seam 8 of Sudong syncline inmining areas of Huibei[J].Journal of Jiaozuo Institute of Technolog(Natural Science),1997,16(2):41-45.
[18]兰姆塞J G,胡伯M T.现代构造地质学方法[M].徐树桐,译.北京:地质出版社,1991.Ramsay J G,Huber M T.The techniques of modern structural geology volume 2,folds and fractures[M].Xu Shutong,trans.Beijing:The Geological Publishing House,1991.
[19]雅罗谢夫斯基B.断裂与褶曲构造学[M].北京:地震出版社,1987.ЯрошевскййB.Petrotectonic of faults and folds[M].Beijing:The Earthquake Publishing House,1987.
[20]刘俊杰.王营井田地下水与煤层气赋存运移的关系[J].煤炭学报,1998,23(3):225-230.Liu Junjie.Relation between occurrence of groundwater and migration of coalbed methane in Wangying Mine field[J].Jour-nal of China Coal Society,1998,23(3):225-230.
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