基于地震剖面瞬时峰值能量频率的衰减分析与气藏预测方法
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摘要
由于流体本身的粘滞性和摩擦性,使得地震波在含油气地层中传播时衰减形成低频阴影.通过对叠后地震资料做时频分解,分析地层衰减特征,是当前除了AVO技术之外,比较流行的直接识别流体和气藏的技术.本文基于波动方程正演,模拟了地震波对含油气地层的响应.然后采用连续小波变换分析不同尺度剖面的瞬时能量特征,提取分频剖面上每一个点的峰值能量对应的频率,得到瞬时峰值能量频率剖面.通过分析瞬时峰值能量频率剖面,分析了地震波在地下介质中传播时的衰减特征.最后应用此方法对实际地震剖面进行了分析,验证了其有效性.
Due to the viscosity and friction of the fluid, the seismic wave propagateing in the media filled with oil and gas suffers attenuation, which may form a shadow area on the seismic profile. Beside the AVO techniques, using the time-frequency technology to analyze the attenuation information of the stack seismic profile is a popular technique for oil and gas recognition. In this paper, we simulate the seismic wave propagation through the underground media filled with oil and gas. Then we use the continuous complex wavelet transform to analyze the instantaneous energy distribution, get the frequency of the peak energy point by point on the seismic profile. By analyzing the acquired frequency profile, we can analyze the attenuation in the underground media. In the end, we use our method to analyze the practical seismic data, which proves that the instantaneous peak energy frequency is useful for oil and gas recognition.
Due to the viscosity and friction of the fluid, the seismic wave propagateing in the media filled with oil and gas suffers attenuation, which may form a shadow area on the seismic profile. Beside the AVO techniques, using the time-frequency technology to analyze the attenuation information of the stack seismic profile is a popular technique for oil and gas recognition. In this paper, we simulate the seismic wave propagation through the underground media filled with oil and gas. Then we use the continuous complex wavelet transform to analyze the instantaneous energy distribution, get the frequency of the peak energy point by point on the seismic profile. By analyzing the acquired frequency profile, we can analyze the attenuation in the underground media. In the end, we use our method to analyze the practical seismic data, which proves that the instantaneous peak energy frequency is useful for oil and gas recognition.
引文
[1] 李振春,王清振.地震波衰减机理及能量补偿研究综述[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(4) :1147-1152． Li Z C, Wang Q Z. A review of research on mechanism of seismic attenuation and energy compensation[J]. Progress In Geophysics, 2007,22(4) : 1147-1152．
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[5] Satish S, Partha R, Phil A, John C. Spectral decomposition of seismic data with continuous wavelet transform [J]. Geophysics,2005,70(6) :19-25．
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[7] Peters S W. Lichman E, Wilson P H. Gas Detection on instantaneous seismic wavelets applied in east china sea [M]. Presented at the SEG 73rd Annual Meeting, 2003, Dallas,TX, USA.
[8] Goupillaud P, Grossmann A, Morlet J. Cycle-octave and related transforms in seismic signal analysis [J]. Geoexploration, 1984, 23(11) , 85-102．
[9] Wavelet analysis in geophysics: an introduction, In Wavelet In Geophysics (eds. Foufoula-Georgiou and P. Kumar), 1～34． Academic Press, Inc.
[10] 陈文超,高静怀.基于改进的最佳匹配地震子波的地震资料衰减特性分析[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(3) :837-843． Chen W C, Gao J H. Characteristic analysis of seismic attenuation using MBMSW wavelets[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2007, 50 (3) :837-843．
[11] 高静怀,汪文秉,朱光明.小波变换与信号瞬时特征分析[J].地球物理学报,1997,40(6) :821-832． Gao J H, Wang W B, Zhu G M. Wavelet transform and instantaneous attributes analysis [J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 1997, 40(6) :821-832．
[12] Aki K, Richards P G. Quantitative Seismology. Freeman, San Francisco. 1980．
[13] 岳文正,陶果.小波变换在识别储层流体性质中的应用[J].地球物理学报,2003,46(6) :863-869． Yue W Z, Tao G. A method for recognition of fluid property in reservoirs using wavelet tansformation[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2003, 46(6) :863-869．
[14] Klimentos T. Attenuation of P-and S-waves as a method of distinguishing gas and condensate from oil and water[J]. Geophysics, 1995, 60(2) :447-458．
[2] 辛可峰,李振春,王永刚,等.地层等效吸收系数反演[J].石油物探,2001,40(4) :14-20． Xing K F, Li Z C, Wang Y G, et al. Formation equivalent absorption coefficient inversion [J]. Geophysical Prospecting For Petroleum, 2001, 40(4) :14-20．
[3] 凌云.大地吸收衰减分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2001,36(1) :1-8． Ling Y. Analysis of attenuation by earth absorption[J]. OGP, 2001,36(1) :1-8．
[4] John P C, Sun S, Seigfried R W. Instantaneous spectral analysis: Detection of low-frequency shadows associated with hydrocarbons [J]. The Leading Edge, 2003, 22(2) : 120-127．
[5] Satish S, Partha R, Phil A, John C. Spectral decomposition of seismic data with continuous wavelet transform [J]. Geophysics,2005,70(6) :19-25．
[6] 李宏兵,赵文智,曹宏.等.小波尺度域含气储层地震波衰减特征[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(5) :892-898． Li H B, Zhao W Z, Cao H, et al. Characteristics of seismic attenuation of gas reservoirs in wavelet domain[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2004, 47(5) :892-898．
[7] Peters S W. Lichman E, Wilson P H. Gas Detection on instantaneous seismic wavelets applied in east china sea [M]. Presented at the SEG 73rd Annual Meeting, 2003, Dallas,TX, USA.
[8] Goupillaud P, Grossmann A, Morlet J. Cycle-octave and related transforms in seismic signal analysis [J]. Geoexploration, 1984, 23(11) , 85-102．
[9] Wavelet analysis in geophysics: an introduction, In Wavelet In Geophysics (eds. Foufoula-Georgiou and P. Kumar), 1～34． Academic Press, Inc.
[10] 陈文超,高静怀.基于改进的最佳匹配地震子波的地震资料衰减特性分析[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(3) :837-843． Chen W C, Gao J H. Characteristic analysis of seismic attenuation using MBMSW wavelets[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2007, 50 (3) :837-843．
[11] 高静怀,汪文秉,朱光明.小波变换与信号瞬时特征分析[J].地球物理学报,1997,40(6) :821-832． Gao J H, Wang W B, Zhu G M. Wavelet transform and instantaneous attributes analysis [J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 1997, 40(6) :821-832．
[12] Aki K, Richards P G. Quantitative Seismology. Freeman, San Francisco. 1980．
[13] 岳文正,陶果.小波变换在识别储层流体性质中的应用[J].地球物理学报,2003,46(6) :863-869． Yue W Z, Tao G. A method for recognition of fluid property in reservoirs using wavelet tansformation[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2003, 46(6) :863-869．
[14] Klimentos T. Attenuation of P-and S-waves as a method of distinguishing gas and condensate from oil and water[J]. Geophysics, 1995, 60(2) :447-458．
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