基于声发射实验岩石破坏前兆特征研究
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摘要
在单轴加载条件下,进行岩石破裂失稳全过程声发射实验研究,得到岩石破裂过程中的应力-应变曲线、声发射参数与时间的关系。选取累计AE数、AE能量释放率、震级-频度关系中的b值随时间的变化规律研究了岩石失稳破坏的前兆信息。结果表明:在初始加载阶段,声发射数量很少;在岩石弹性变形阶段后期和塑性变形阶段,累计声发射数快速增加;声发射能量在岩石破裂过程中相当长的一段时间内保持低释放率,而在破坏前释放明显;在岩石失稳破坏前,b值出现快速下降现象,多数岩石试件声发射b值岩石破坏前下降到最低值。这些前兆特征可以为现场岩体声发射监测预报技术的应用提供依据,以提高岩体稳定性监测预报的准确率。
Experiments on acoustic emission(AE) characteristics of complete rock failure process are carried out under uniaxial loading.The stress-strain curve,the relation between AE characteristics and time are obtained.The relation of the time with cumulative AE events,AE energy release rate,and the b-value of the relation between the magnitude and frequency are selected to study the precursory characteristics of rock failure.The results show that during the initial loading phase,AE events are very few and its cumulative number rapidly increases at the late phase of the rock elastic deformation and at the plastic phase;the AE energy keeps a low release rate for a long time during the rock fracturing process but exhibits an evident release just before the rock failure.Before the rock instability failure,b-value will drop quickly,with that of most rock samples reaching the lowest value before the rock failure,These precursory characteristics are significant for the field application of AE monitoring and forecasting technology so as to improve the accuracy of in-situ rock mass monitoring and forecast.
Experiments on acoustic emission(AE) characteristics of complete rock failure process are carried out under uniaxial loading.The stress-strain curve,the relation between AE characteristics and time are obtained.The relation of the time with cumulative AE events,AE energy release rate,and the b-value of the relation between the magnitude and frequency are selected to study the precursory characteristics of rock failure.The results show that during the initial loading phase,AE events are very few and its cumulative number rapidly increases at the late phase of the rock elastic deformation and at the plastic phase;the AE energy keeps a low release rate for a long time during the rock fracturing process but exhibits an evident release just before the rock failure.Before the rock instability failure,b-value will drop quickly,with that of most rock samples reaching the lowest value before the rock failure,These precursory characteristics are significant for the field application of AE monitoring and forecasting technology so as to improve the accuracy of in-situ rock mass monitoring and forecast.
引文
[1]Lei X L,Satoh T S.Indicators of critical point behavior prior torock failure inferred from pre-failure damage[J].Tectonophysics,2007,431:97-111.
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[6]付小敏.典型岩石单轴压缩变形及声发射特性试验研究[J].成都理工大学学报:自然科学版,2005,32(1):17-21.
[7]张茹,谢和平,刘建锋,等.单轴多级加载岩石破坏声发射特性试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(12):2584-2588.
[8]赵兴东,李元辉,袁瑞甫,等.基于声发射定位的岩石裂纹动态演化过程研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(5):944-949.
[9]曾正文,马谨,刘力强,等.岩石破裂扩展过程中的声发射b值动态特征及意义[J].地震地质,1995,17(1):7-11.
[10]李全林,于涛,郝柏林,等.地震频度-震级关系的时空扫描[M].地震出版社,1979.
[2]赵向东,陈波,姜福兴.微地震工程应用研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(增2):2609-2612.
[3]Blake W.Microseismic applications for mining-a practical guide[R].Washington.:Bureau of Mines,1982.
[4]Ganne P,Vervoort A,Wevers M.Quantification of pre-peak brit-tle damage:Correlation between acoustic emission and observedmicro-fracturing[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics&Mining Science,2007,44:720-729.
[5]李庶林,尹贤刚.王泳嘉,等.单轴受压岩石破坏全过程声发射特征研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(15):2499-2503.
[6]付小敏.典型岩石单轴压缩变形及声发射特性试验研究[J].成都理工大学学报:自然科学版,2005,32(1):17-21.
[7]张茹,谢和平,刘建锋,等.单轴多级加载岩石破坏声发射特性试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(12):2584-2588.
[8]赵兴东,李元辉,袁瑞甫,等.基于声发射定位的岩石裂纹动态演化过程研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(5):944-949.
[9]曾正文,马谨,刘力强,等.岩石破裂扩展过程中的声发射b值动态特征及意义[J].地震地质,1995,17(1):7-11.
[10]李全林,于涛,郝柏林,等.地震频度-震级关系的时空扫描[M].地震出版社,1979.
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