基于现代信息技术的城市灾害应急管理系统
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摘要
城市灾害应急管理系统是一项复杂的大系统工程。本文着重从应急管理过程中的应急资源调配、应急预案制定等方面阐述了现代信息技术在城市灾害应急管理中的应用与优势。认为应急管理信息系统的建立目的不是为了预测和估算,而应是当灾害发生时,对已造成的灾情局面做出快速的辅助决策支持。基于此,利用SuperMapObject5.0,Visual Basic6.0,SQL Server2000等现代信息技术软件,以辅助决策、资源快速查询以及生命线管网易损处调查为目的,本文建立了一个局部地区灾害应急管理信息系统。系统的数据库建立更突出了为应急管理服务所需的基础信息、空间数据、应急预案和应急资源等信息划分方式;结合已有的震害预测理论和方法,开发了供水系统和交通系统的震害预测模块,事先为灾害应急决策提供可能的震害信息。系统的开发过程进一步证明了GIS在城市灾害应急管理中有着直观显示、容易操作、辅助准确决策等优势。
The urban disaster emergency management is a huge and complicated system engineering.In the paper,the application and advantages of modern information technologies in the urban disaster emergency management are discussed,mainly focusing on the establishment of emergency strategy under the situation of limitation of emergency resource.The paper argued that the purpose of establishing emergency management information system was not for forecasting or estimating but for assisting decision making and quick reacting to what will happen after disasters.Using the SuperMap Object5.0,Visual Basic6.0,SQL Server2000,a local disaster emergency management system has been set up for assisting decision making,resource quick query and investigating vulnerable place of lifeline network.The databases are divided by basic information,spatial data,emergency prevention project and emergency resource,for emergency management servicing.Using existing earthquake damage prediction theory and approaches,the seismic disaster forecasting module of water supply and communication systems were developed in order to supply disaster information or data for decision making in emergency beforehand.The developing process of system proves further that GIS has the advantages at directly displaying,easily operating and assisting exact decision for emergency management of urban disasters.
The urban disaster emergency management is a huge and complicated system engineering.In the paper,the application and advantages of modern information technologies in the urban disaster emergency management are discussed,mainly focusing on the establishment of emergency strategy under the situation of limitation of emergency resource.The paper argued that the purpose of establishing emergency management information system was not for forecasting or estimating but for assisting decision making and quick reacting to what will happen after disasters.Using the SuperMap Object5.0,Visual Basic6.0,SQL Server2000,a local disaster emergency management system has been set up for assisting decision making,resource quick query and investigating vulnerable place of lifeline network.The databases are divided by basic information,spatial data,emergency prevention project and emergency resource,for emergency management servicing.Using existing earthquake damage prediction theory and approaches,the seismic disaster forecasting module of water supply and communication systems were developed in order to supply disaster information or data for decision making in emergency beforehand.The developing process of system proves further that GIS has the advantages at directly displaying,easily operating and assisting exact decision for emergency management of urban disasters.
引文
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[2]李宏男,柳春光.生命线工程系统减灾研究趋势与展望.[J]大连理工大学学报,2005,11(6):931-936.Li H N,Liu C G.Trends and prospects for researchon disaster mitigation in lifeline engineering system[J].Journal of Dalian University of Technology,2005,11(6):931-936.
[3]中国政府网.国家突发公共事件总体应急预案[EB/OL].[2005-08-07].http://gov.cn/yjgl/2005-08/07/content-21048.html.
[4]李杰.生命线工程抗震[M].北京:科学出版社,2005.Li J.Seismic of the Lifeline Engineering[M].Beijing:Science Press,2005.
[5]章在墉.地震危险性分析及其应用[M].上海:同济大学出版社,1996.Zhang Z Y.Earthquake Hazards Analysis andApplication[M].Shanghai:Tongji University Press,1996.
[6]张安玉.基于GIS供水管网地震功能评价系统研究[D].大连:大连理工大学,2006.Zhang A Y.Seismic function evaluation system studyof the water supply network based GIS[D].Dalian:Dalian University of Technology,2006.
[7]韩阳.城市地下管网系统的地震可靠性研究[D].大连:大连理工大学,2003.Han Y.Study on seismic reliability of urban buriedpipeline network systems[D].Dalian:DalianUniversity of Technology,2003.
[8]柳春光,杜玮,翟桐.城市交通系统抗震可靠性研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,1999,19(2):95-99.Liu C G,Du W,Zhai T.Reliability analysis of urbantransportation system[J].Earthquake Engineeringand Engineering Vibration,1999,19(2):95-99.
[9]陈一平.公路交通系统震害预测计算机辅助系统DPLH简介[J].建筑科学,1994,(4):71-75.Chen Y P.Introduction of DPLH:the computer assistsystem of seismic prediction of road transportationsystem[J].Building Science,1994,(4):71-75.
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