西藏古建筑空鼓病害壁画灌浆加固效果初步检测
摘要
空鼓是西藏古建筑壁画中普遍存在的严重病害,空鼓壁画约占病害壁画总面积的75%以上。基于定量化评价壁画空鼓现象及其修复效果,利用探地雷达探测布达拉宫西大殿南壁壁画空鼓区的分布情况,并分析空鼓区电磁波反射特征。利用一定模数和浓度的PS材料对探测的壁画空鼓区进行灌浆加固处理,在经过1a的养护期后,再次利用探地雷达对加固的壁画区进行检测。检测结果显示,在未灌浆加固前块石墙体的反射信号较为强烈,加固后检测不出因空鼓而在层与层之间产生的电磁波反射信号,空鼓部位已经被灌浆材料紧密地黏结成一体。分析结果表明,PS材料灌浆技术可以有效治理壁画空鼓现象,利用探地雷达能够准确检测壁画空鼓状况及修复效果。
The detachment is one of the most critical diseases of ancient architecture murals at Tibet,and the area of detachment murals make up more than seventy-five percent of the total area of diseases murals.Based on working out measurable evaluation for the phenomenon of detachment murals and its repairing effect,the distribution of detachment murals were detected by ground-penetrating radar at the Potala palace,furthermore the reflection characters of electromagnetic wave were analyzed in detachment murals.For the detachment murals,PS materials of some moduli and concentrations were grouted into the detachment area.During one year for maintenance,the distribution of the detachment murals was detected by ground-penetrating radar again.It shows that the reflection signals of electromagnetic wave are strong in the stone-wall before grouting the detachment area,but after grouting the detachment area,it can not be detected between layers due to the detachment area felted for whole by PS material.It indicates that the grouting technology of PS material can effectively repair the detachment murals,and ground-penetrating radar can accurately improve the status of detachment and its repairing effect.
The detachment is one of the most critical diseases of ancient architecture murals at Tibet,and the area of detachment murals make up more than seventy-five percent of the total area of diseases murals.Based on working out measurable evaluation for the phenomenon of detachment murals and its repairing effect,the distribution of detachment murals were detected by ground-penetrating radar at the Potala palace,furthermore the reflection characters of electromagnetic wave were analyzed in detachment murals.For the detachment murals,PS materials of some moduli and concentrations were grouted into the detachment area.During one year for maintenance,the distribution of the detachment murals was detected by ground-penetrating radar again.It shows that the reflection signals of electromagnetic wave are strong in the stone-wall before grouting the detachment area,but after grouting the detachment area,it can not be detected between layers due to the detachment area felted for whole by PS material.It indicates that the grouting technology of PS material can effectively repair the detachment murals,and ground-penetrating radar can accurately improve the status of detachment and its repairing effect.
引文
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[10]李云鹤.重层壁画整体揭取迁移技术[J].敦煌研究,1988,(3):64-66.(LI Yunhe.Uncovering and reattaching technology of double layers wall paintings[J].Dunhuang Research,1988,(3):64-66.(in Chinese))
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[14]余志雄,薛桂玉,周创兵.复信号分析技术及其在地质雷达数字处理中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(5):798-802.(YU Zhixiong,XUE Guiyu,ZHOU Chuangbing.Application of complex signal analysis of process ground penetrating radar data[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(5):798-802.(in Chinese))
[15]张丰收,黄宏伟,谢雄耀,等.盾构隧道壁后注浆材料的介电常数测定[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(增2):3757-3762.(ZHANG Fengshou,HUANG Hongwei,XIE Xiongyao,et al.Dielectric coefficient testing of grouting material behind segments in shield tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(Supp.2):3757-3762.(in Chinese))
[16]杜军,黄宏伟,谢雄耀,等.介电常数对探地雷达检测隧道壁注浆效果研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2006,2(3):420-424.(DU Jun,HUANG Hongwei,XIE Xiongyao,et al.Research of the effect of dielectric permittivity on the GPR detection for the grouting material behind shield tunnel segment[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2006,2(3):420-424.(in Chinese))
[17]张蓓.路面结构层材料介电特性及其厚度反演分析的系统识别方法——路面雷达关键技术研究[博士学位论文][D].重庆:重庆大学,2003.(ZHANG Bei.System identification method for back calculating the dielectric property and thickness of pavement structures—study of applied technology of ground penetrating radar[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Chongqing:Chongqing University,2003.(in Chinese))
[18]梁志刚.土的电磁特性及同轴电缆电磁波反射技术研究[博士学位论文][D].杭州:浙江大学,2005.(LIANG Zhigang.Study on electromagnetic properties of soil and time domain reflectometry technique[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2005.(in Chinese))
[19]粟毅,黄春琳,雷文太.探地雷达理论与应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2006.(SU Yi,HUANG Chunlin,LEI Wentai.Theory and application of ground penetrating radar[M].Beijing:Science Press,2006.(in Chinese))
[20]XAVIER N P,MEDEIROS W E D.A practical approach to correct attenuation effects in GPR data[J].Journal of Applied Geophysics,2006,59(2):140-151.
[21]KOFMAN L,RONEN A,FRYDMAN S.Detection of model voids by identifying reverberation phenomena in GPR records[J].Journal of Applied Geophysics,2006,59(4):284-299.
[2]黄理兴,高鹏飞,肖国强,等.采用地质雷达探测莫高窟壁画厚度的试验研究[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报(自然科学版),2001,20(4):457-459.(HUANG Lixing,GAO Pengfei,XIAO Guoqiang,et al.Experiment of thickness probing of the wall paintings in Mogao Grottoes by ground penetrating radar[J].Journal of Liaoning Technical University(Natural Science),2001,20(4):457-459.(in Chinese))
[3]仵君魁.西藏佛教寺院壁画艺术[M].成都:四川人民出版社,1994:367-372.(WU Junkui.Art of wall paintings in Tibetan Temples[M].Chengdu:Sichuan People′s Press,1994:367-372.(in Chinese))
[4]汪万福,马赞峰,于宗仁,等.西藏布达拉宫、罗布林卡和萨迦寺壁画制作材料分析[J].敦煌研究,2002,(6):78-84.(WANG Wanfu,MA Zanfeng,YU Zongren,et al.Analysis of wall painting construction material in Potala Palace,Norbulingka Temple and Sakya Monastery,Tibet[J].Dunhuang Research,2002,(6):78-84.(in Chinese))
[5]马赞峰,汪万福,王雪莹,等.西藏几处重要文化古迹壁画现状考察[J].中国藏学,2002,68(3):117-125.(MA Zanfeng,WANG Wanfu,WANG Xueying,et al.Condition survey of several important cultural heritage sites in Tibet[J].China Tibetan Study,2002,68(3):117-125.(in Chinese))
[6]李最雄,汪万福,赵林毅,等.西藏布达拉宫、罗布林卡和萨迦寺空鼓壁画修复模拟实验[J].敦煌研究,2002,(6):69-77.(LI Zuixiong,WANG Wanfu,ZHAO Linyi,et al.Restoration of delaminated wall paintings replica in Potala Palace,Norbulingka Temple and Sakya Monastery[J].Dunhuang Research,2002,(6):69-77.(in Chinese))
[7]汪万福,李最雄,马赞峰,等.西藏布达拉宫东大殿空鼓病害壁画保护修复研究[J].中国藏学,2005,71(3):213-221.(WANG Wanfu,LI Zuixiong,MA Zanfeng,et al.Conservation study of delaminated wall paintings in Eastern Hall of the Potala Palace[J].China Tibetan Study,2005,71(3):213-221.(in Chinese))
[8]汪万福,马赞峰,李最雄,等.空鼓壁画灌浆加固技术研究[J].文物保护与考古科学,2006,(1):52-58.(WANG Wanfu,MA Zanfeng,LI Zuixiong,et al.Study of grouting technology of delaminated wall paintings[J].Cultural Relics Conservation and Archaeology Science,2006,(1):52-58.(in Chinese))
[9]祁英涛.中国古代建筑的保护与维修[M].北京:文物出版社,1986.(QI Yingtao.Conservation and restoration of Chinese ancient architectures[M].Beijing:Cultural Relics Publication,1986.(in Chinese))
[10]李云鹤.重层壁画整体揭取迁移技术[J].敦煌研究,1988,(3):64-66.(LI Yunhe.Uncovering and reattaching technology of double layers wall paintings[J].Dunhuang Research,1988,(3):64-66.(in Chinese))
[11]刘传孝.探地雷达空洞探测机制研究及应用实例分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(2):238-241.(LIU Chuanxiao.Research on the mechanism of probing cavity with ground penetrating radar and analysis on application examples[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2000,19(2):238-241.(in Chinese))
[12]刘传孝,蒋金泉,杨永杰.地质雷达应用于探测拱桥、空洞的效果验证[J].岩土力学,2001,22(1):106-108.(LIU Chuanxiao,JIANG Jinquan,YANG Yongjie.Effects of the ground penetrating radar in probing arch bridge and cavity[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2001,22(1):106-108.(in Chinese))
[13]王国群,何开胜.堤防动物洞穴的探地雷达探测研究[J].岩土力学,2006,27(5):838-841.(WANG Guoqun,HE Kaisheng.Detecting badger cave disease in embankment by ground penetrating radar[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2006,27(5):838-841.(in Chinese))
[14]余志雄,薛桂玉,周创兵.复信号分析技术及其在地质雷达数字处理中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(5):798-802.(YU Zhixiong,XUE Guiyu,ZHOU Chuangbing.Application of complex signal analysis of process ground penetrating radar data[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(5):798-802.(in Chinese))
[15]张丰收,黄宏伟,谢雄耀,等.盾构隧道壁后注浆材料的介电常数测定[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(增2):3757-3762.(ZHANG Fengshou,HUANG Hongwei,XIE Xiongyao,et al.Dielectric coefficient testing of grouting material behind segments in shield tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(Supp.2):3757-3762.(in Chinese))
[16]杜军,黄宏伟,谢雄耀,等.介电常数对探地雷达检测隧道壁注浆效果研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2006,2(3):420-424.(DU Jun,HUANG Hongwei,XIE Xiongyao,et al.Research of the effect of dielectric permittivity on the GPR detection for the grouting material behind shield tunnel segment[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2006,2(3):420-424.(in Chinese))
[17]张蓓.路面结构层材料介电特性及其厚度反演分析的系统识别方法——路面雷达关键技术研究[博士学位论文][D].重庆:重庆大学,2003.(ZHANG Bei.System identification method for back calculating the dielectric property and thickness of pavement structures—study of applied technology of ground penetrating radar[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Chongqing:Chongqing University,2003.(in Chinese))
[18]梁志刚.土的电磁特性及同轴电缆电磁波反射技术研究[博士学位论文][D].杭州:浙江大学,2005.(LIANG Zhigang.Study on electromagnetic properties of soil and time domain reflectometry technique[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2005.(in Chinese))
[19]粟毅,黄春琳,雷文太.探地雷达理论与应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2006.(SU Yi,HUANG Chunlin,LEI Wentai.Theory and application of ground penetrating radar[M].Beijing:Science Press,2006.(in Chinese))
[20]XAVIER N P,MEDEIROS W E D.A practical approach to correct attenuation effects in GPR data[J].Journal of Applied Geophysics,2006,59(2):140-151.
[21]KOFMAN L,RONEN A,FRYDMAN S.Detection of model voids by identifying reverberation phenomena in GPR records[J].Journal of Applied Geophysics,2006,59(4):284-299.
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