甘肃省黑河干流中游地区泉水动态特征及预报
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摘要
在简述区域水文地质条件的基础上,依据1986-2007年泉水流量系列观测资料,详细论述了区内下降泉、上升泉的年内和多年动态变化特征,对比分析了1967年、1984年、2006年测区各泉域泉水量和泉水总量的时空分布规律和变化特征。利用已有的潜水二维流水量数学模型,推递并建立了利用泉点周围节点水头(水位)预报泉水流量的数学模型,并对测区泉水总量未来15年的变化趋势进行了预报。结果表明,在现状节水灌溉条件下,由于出山径流量的增加和地下水开采量的减少,未来黑河干流中游地区的泉水资源基本处于稳定状态。
On the base of hydro -geological conditions describing and summarizing,with the help of 1986 -2007 observed dada on spring water current capacity,this paper was presented to elaborate annual and inter - annual dynamic change characteristics of descending springs and ascending springs in this region in detail,the contrastive analysis method was used to describe the temporal - spatial distribution regularities and change features of 1967, 1984 and 2006's spring water volume and their total volume of each spring area Using the existing two - dimension 's mathematical model for groundwater flow,a mathematical model was researched and put forward,which could be used to forecast the spring flow volume according to spring periphery node flood peak(water level),and to carry out the forecast of changing tendency of next 15 -year's spring total volume.The result indicated that under the condition of saving water irrigation at the present,the spring water resources will be at the steady state basically,because of the amount increasing in the stream flow from the mountains and the decreasing in groundwater exploitation.
On the base of hydro -geological conditions describing and summarizing,with the help of 1986 -2007 observed dada on spring water current capacity,this paper was presented to elaborate annual and inter - annual dynamic change characteristics of descending springs and ascending springs in this region in detail,the contrastive analysis method was used to describe the temporal - spatial distribution regularities and change features of 1967, 1984 and 2006's spring water volume and their total volume of each spring area Using the existing two - dimension 's mathematical model for groundwater flow,a mathematical model was researched and put forward,which could be used to forecast the spring flow volume according to spring periphery node flood peak(water level),and to carry out the forecast of changing tendency of next 15 -year's spring total volume.The result indicated that under the condition of saving water irrigation at the present,the spring water resources will be at the steady state basically,because of the amount increasing in the stream flow from the mountains and the decreasing in groundwater exploitation.
引文
[1]丁宏伟,高玉卓,何江海,等.黑河过正义峡河川径流量减少的原因及对策分析[J].中国沙漠,2001,21(1):62-66.[Ding Hongwei,Gao Yuzhuo,He Jianghai,et al.Reason of runoff reducing through Zhengyixia gorge on Heihe river and countermeasures [J].Journal of Desert Research,2001,21(1):62-66.]
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[3]张龙,何江海.利用~(222)Rn、EC及断面测流分析黑河中游地表水与地下水转化关系[J].甘肃地质,2008,17(1):88-91. [Zhang Long,He Jianghai.Analysis of conversion relation between surface water and groundwater in the middle reaches of Heihe river by means of ~(222)Rn,EC and section flow measurement [J].Gansu Geology,2008,17(1):88-91.]
[4]宁宝英,何元庆,和献中,等.黑河流域水资源研究进展[J].中国沙漠,2008,28(6):1180-1185.[Ning Baoying,He Yuanqing, He Xianzhong,et al.Advances on water resources research in Heihe River Basin[J].Jurnal of Desert Research,2008,28 (6):1180-1185.]
[5]丁宏伟,张荷生.近50年来河西走廊地下水资源变化及对生态环境的影响[J].自然资源学报,2002,17(6):691-697. [Ding Hongwei,,Zhang Hesheng.Changes of groundwater resources in recent 50 years and their impact on ecological environment in Hexi Corridor[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2002,17 (6):691-697.]
[6]丁宏伟,张荷生,王文科,等.河西走廊地下水勘查报告[R].兰州:甘肃省地质调查院.2002.[Ding Hongwei,Zhang Hesheng, Wan Wenke,et al.The groundwater survey in the Hexi Corridor [R].Lanzhou:Gological survey of Gansu Province.2002.]
[7]张勃,丁文晖,孟宝.干旱区土地利用的地下水水文效应分析—以黑河中游地区为例[J].干旱区地理,2005,28(6):764 -769.[Zhang Bo,ding Wenhui,Meng Bao.Impacts of Land Use Changs on Groundwater Resources in Arid Are-Case study of Middle Reaches of Heihe River[J].Arid Land Geography,2005, 28(6):764-769.]
[8]丁宏伟,姚吉禄,何江海.张掖市地下水位上升区环境同位素特征及补给来源分析[J].干旱区地理,2009,32(1):1-8. [Ding Hongwei,Yao Jilu,He Jianghai.Study on Causes resulting in Groundwater Level Rise in Ganzhou City and Its Peripheral Regions [J].Arid Land Geography,2009,32(1):1-8.]
[9]许文明,张燕君.西北地区大型内陆盆地地下水系统演化特征分析[J].自然资源学报,2004,19(6):701-706.[Xu Guangming, Zhang Yan-jun.An analysis of the groundwater system evolution characteristics in large interior basins of Northwset China [J].Jornal of Natural Resources,2004,,19(6):701-706.]
[10]王文科,孔金玲,王钊,等.关中盆地秦岭山前地下水库调蓄功能模拟研究[J].水文地质工程地质,2002,29(4):5-9.[Wan Wenke,Kong Jinling,Wang Zhao,et al.Simuiation of regulational capacity of groundwater reservoirs in the piedmont of the Qinling Mountain for Guanzhong Basin[J].Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,2002,29(4):5-9.]
[11]孙纳正.地下水流的数学模型和数值方法[M].北京:地震出版社.198 1.[Sun Nazheng.Mathematical model and numerical method of the groundwater flow[M].Beijing:Seismological Press. 1981.]
[12]潘世兵,王忠静,田伟.河西走廊地下水系统数值模拟中的几个问题探讨[J].水文地质工程地质,2002,29(5):59-61. [Pan Shibing,Wang Zhongjing,Tian Wei.Discussions on numerical modeling methods of groundwater system in Hexi Corridor[J]. Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,2002,29(5):59-61.]
[13]李永波,赵传燕,冯兆东.黑河下游地下水波动带地下水时空分布模拟研究—FEFLLOW模型应用[J].干旱区地理,2009, 32(3):391-396.[Li Shoubo,Zhao Chuanyan,Feng Zhaodong. Modeling of temporal and spatial distribution of groundwater level in the water table fluctuant belt of the lower reaches of Heihe river[J].Arid Land Geography,2009,32(3):391-396.]
[14]蓝永超,丁永建,康尔泗,等.黑河流域水资源动态变化及其趋势的灰色Markov链预测[J].中国沙漠,2003,23(4):435- 440.[Lan Yongchao,Ding Yongjian,Kan Ersi,et al.Water resources change and its trends forecasted by grey Markov China in Heihe river basin[J].Journal of Desert Research,2003,23(4): 435-440.]
[2]丁宏伟,崔振卿.黑河干流中游地区泉水资源衰减原因及趋势分析[J].甘肃地质学报,2001,10(1):69-74.[Ding Hongwei, Cui Zhenqing.The reason of decay of spring water resources and trend analysis in the middle reaches of Heihe river trunk stream area [J].Acta Geologica Gansu,2001,10(1):69-74.]
[3]张龙,何江海.利用~(222)Rn、EC及断面测流分析黑河中游地表水与地下水转化关系[J].甘肃地质,2008,17(1):88-91. [Zhang Long,He Jianghai.Analysis of conversion relation between surface water and groundwater in the middle reaches of Heihe river by means of ~(222)Rn,EC and section flow measurement [J].Gansu Geology,2008,17(1):88-91.]
[4]宁宝英,何元庆,和献中,等.黑河流域水资源研究进展[J].中国沙漠,2008,28(6):1180-1185.[Ning Baoying,He Yuanqing, He Xianzhong,et al.Advances on water resources research in Heihe River Basin[J].Jurnal of Desert Research,2008,28 (6):1180-1185.]
[5]丁宏伟,张荷生.近50年来河西走廊地下水资源变化及对生态环境的影响[J].自然资源学报,2002,17(6):691-697. [Ding Hongwei,,Zhang Hesheng.Changes of groundwater resources in recent 50 years and their impact on ecological environment in Hexi Corridor[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2002,17 (6):691-697.]
[6]丁宏伟,张荷生,王文科,等.河西走廊地下水勘查报告[R].兰州:甘肃省地质调查院.2002.[Ding Hongwei,Zhang Hesheng, Wan Wenke,et al.The groundwater survey in the Hexi Corridor [R].Lanzhou:Gological survey of Gansu Province.2002.]
[7]张勃,丁文晖,孟宝.干旱区土地利用的地下水水文效应分析—以黑河中游地区为例[J].干旱区地理,2005,28(6):764 -769.[Zhang Bo,ding Wenhui,Meng Bao.Impacts of Land Use Changs on Groundwater Resources in Arid Are-Case study of Middle Reaches of Heihe River[J].Arid Land Geography,2005, 28(6):764-769.]
[8]丁宏伟,姚吉禄,何江海.张掖市地下水位上升区环境同位素特征及补给来源分析[J].干旱区地理,2009,32(1):1-8. [Ding Hongwei,Yao Jilu,He Jianghai.Study on Causes resulting in Groundwater Level Rise in Ganzhou City and Its Peripheral Regions [J].Arid Land Geography,2009,32(1):1-8.]
[9]许文明,张燕君.西北地区大型内陆盆地地下水系统演化特征分析[J].自然资源学报,2004,19(6):701-706.[Xu Guangming, Zhang Yan-jun.An analysis of the groundwater system evolution characteristics in large interior basins of Northwset China [J].Jornal of Natural Resources,2004,,19(6):701-706.]
[10]王文科,孔金玲,王钊,等.关中盆地秦岭山前地下水库调蓄功能模拟研究[J].水文地质工程地质,2002,29(4):5-9.[Wan Wenke,Kong Jinling,Wang Zhao,et al.Simuiation of regulational capacity of groundwater reservoirs in the piedmont of the Qinling Mountain for Guanzhong Basin[J].Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,2002,29(4):5-9.]
[11]孙纳正.地下水流的数学模型和数值方法[M].北京:地震出版社.198 1.[Sun Nazheng.Mathematical model and numerical method of the groundwater flow[M].Beijing:Seismological Press. 1981.]
[12]潘世兵,王忠静,田伟.河西走廊地下水系统数值模拟中的几个问题探讨[J].水文地质工程地质,2002,29(5):59-61. [Pan Shibing,Wang Zhongjing,Tian Wei.Discussions on numerical modeling methods of groundwater system in Hexi Corridor[J]. Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,2002,29(5):59-61.]
[13]李永波,赵传燕,冯兆东.黑河下游地下水波动带地下水时空分布模拟研究—FEFLLOW模型应用[J].干旱区地理,2009, 32(3):391-396.[Li Shoubo,Zhao Chuanyan,Feng Zhaodong. Modeling of temporal and spatial distribution of groundwater level in the water table fluctuant belt of the lower reaches of Heihe river[J].Arid Land Geography,2009,32(3):391-396.]
[14]蓝永超,丁永建,康尔泗,等.黑河流域水资源动态变化及其趋势的灰色Markov链预测[J].中国沙漠,2003,23(4):435- 440.[Lan Yongchao,Ding Yongjian,Kan Ersi,et al.Water resources change and its trends forecasted by grey Markov China in Heihe river basin[J].Journal of Desert Research,2003,23(4): 435-440.]
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