罗山矿区滑坡稳定性分析及治理的特殊性
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摘要
河南灵宝罗山矿区海拔标高640~1100m,山高沟深,地形地貌复杂。自1982年建矿以来,地下采矿工程已在山体下形成大量采空区,这些采空区的变形、破坏和塌陷,加上生产爆破振动等的长期作用与影响,致使矿区目前存在多个受采动影响的潜在滑坡体,并严重影响矿山的正常安全、高效生产。研究、协调并解决采矿与山体稳定性之间的关系,实现在矿山不停产的情况下,完成对矿区山坡的综合治理,成为一项既具有重大经济效益,也具有相当社会影响和环境效益的工程技术难题。针对罗山矿区滑坡体的实际情况,研究指出采空区山体的稳定性具有明显的时间和空间相关特性,随着时间的推移,采矿工程的空间规模会不断扩大,采动影响的空间范围和力度将随之增加。因此,在进行采动诱导山体失稳分析计算以及治理措施研究时,必须充分考虑这种特殊的时空动态影响因素的作用,并采取相应的对策。对于受采动影响的动态不稳定体而言,柔性边坡支护体系比刚性支护体系将更为有效。
Luosan mine is located in Linbao Henan,where there are many high mountains with steep slopes,elevation changing from 640 m to 1100 m.The geological situation in the mining area is very complicated.Many manmade cavities arose due to underground mining activities and became the biggest unsafe factor to the enterprises since 1982.In fact,combined with the deformation,failure/collapse and subsidence of those cavities with blasting impact on the mountains have made a few of potential unstable slopes in the mining area.The existence of these unstable slopes is certainly a big possible risk to the enterprise's working safety and productivity.In order to resolve the conflict between mining operation and slope stability,it is essential and urgent to study their correlation.For example,we need to make sure that the enterprises can keep running without any suspension while the possible unstable slopes are being treated.Given the real situation of Luosan mine and the results obtained in-situ,Luosan unstable slope is caused and controlled by underground mining.The slope stability depends both on time and space factors because the geometric scale of mining engineering increases as time and the factor of slope stability changes with its coordinates in space.The detailed studies in searching for reasonable and feasible stabilization measures showed that a deformable supporting system fits much better to the stabilization of time/space dependent unstable slopes,than a rigid supporting system.
Luosan mine is located in Linbao Henan,where there are many high mountains with steep slopes,elevation changing from 640 m to 1100 m.The geological situation in the mining area is very complicated.Many manmade cavities arose due to underground mining activities and became the biggest unsafe factor to the enterprises since 1982.In fact,combined with the deformation,failure/collapse and subsidence of those cavities with blasting impact on the mountains have made a few of potential unstable slopes in the mining area.The existence of these unstable slopes is certainly a big possible risk to the enterprise's working safety and productivity.In order to resolve the conflict between mining operation and slope stability,it is essential and urgent to study their correlation.For example,we need to make sure that the enterprises can keep running without any suspension while the possible unstable slopes are being treated.Given the real situation of Luosan mine and the results obtained in-situ,Luosan unstable slope is caused and controlled by underground mining.The slope stability depends both on time and space factors because the geometric scale of mining engineering increases as time and the factor of slope stability changes with its coordinates in space.The detailed studies in searching for reasonable and feasible stabilization measures showed that a deformable supporting system fits much better to the stabilization of time/space dependent unstable slopes,than a rigid supporting system.
引文
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[22]夏元友,朱瑞赓,李新平,等.基于神经网络的岩质边坡稳定性评估系统研究[J].自然灾害学报,1996,5(1):94-104.
[23]祝介旺,刘建友,等.锦屏一级水电站左岸深部卸荷裂隙的加固方案及数值模拟研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(12):2541-2548.
[24]CHAI X J,HAYASHI S.Effect of Constrained Dilatancy onPull-out Resistance of Nails in Sandy[J].GroundImprovement,2005,9(3):127-135.
[25]MONA Lindstrom,ALF Kveen.New Methods for TunnelInvestigation[J].Sustainable Underground Concepts,2006,No.15:71-75.
[26]GRASSELLI G.3D behavior of bolted rock joints:experimental and numerical study[J].International Journal ofRock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2005,42(1):13-24.
[27]河南地调一队.罗山滑坡工程地质勘察报告[R].河南地调一队,2006.
[28]中南大学资源与安全工程院.罗山多金属矿坡体稳定性研究与治理阶段性报告[R].长沙:中南大学资源与安全工程院,2008.
[29]刘爱华,赵国彦,等.矿山三维模型在滑坡体稳定性分析中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(6):1236-1242.
[2]孙世国,蔡美峰,王思敬.露天转地下开采边坡岩体滑移机制的探讨[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(1):126-129.
[3]冯长根,李俊平,等.东桐峪金矿空场处理机制研究[J].黄金,2002,23(10):11-15.
[4]李素梅.块体理论在岩石路堑边坡稳定分析中的运用[J].云南交通科技,2003,19(4):14-16.
[5]E.Hoek,J W Bray,岩石边坡工程[J].1983.
[6]ROSS-BROWN,D R Slope design in opencast mines.Ph.DThesis[J].Imperial College,London University,1973,250.
[7]A A SERRANO,E CASTILLO.A new concept about thestability of rock masses.Advances in Rock Mechanics,Proc.3rd Congress of the International Society for Rock Mechanics[J].Published by National Academy of Sciences,Washington D C,1974(11):820-826.
[8]孙世国,万林海,王思敬.矿山复合开采岩体移动理论与安全评价方法[J].地学前缘,2000,7(S2):289-295.
[9]李文秀,郭玉贵.柔性防护条件下露天矿山边坡稳定性模拟分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(2):246-249.
[10]李文秀.矿山岩体稳定性分析的模糊数学模型[J].湖南冶金,1991,2:44-47.
[11]李文秀.急倾斜厚大矿体地下与露天联合开采岩体移动分析的模糊数学模型[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(4):572-577.
[12]张均锋,丁桦.边坡稳定性分析的三维极限平衡法及应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(3):365-370.
[13]杨强,朱玲,薛利军.基于三维多重网格法的极限平衡法在锦屏高边坡稳定性分析中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(S2):5313-5317.
[14]赵尚毅,郑颖人,时卫民,等.用有限元强度折减法求边坡稳定安全系数[J].岩土工程学报,2002,24(3):343-346.
[15]祝玉学.边坡可靠性分析[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1993.
[16]王光远,刘玉彬.结构模糊随机可靠度的实用计算方法[J].地震工程和工程振动,1995,15(3):38-46.
[17]贾厚华,贺怀建.边坡稳定模糊随机可靠度分析[J].岩土力学,2003,24(4):657-660.
[18]谢全敏,朱瑞赓.岩体边坡稳定性灰色聚类空间预测方法[J].金属矿山,1997,252(6):1-5.
[19]陈新民,罗国煜.基于经验的边坡稳定性灰色系统分析与评价[J].岩土工程学报,1999,21(5):638-641.
[20]谢全敏,夏元友.岩体边坡稳定性的可拓聚类预测方法研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(3):438-441.
[21]陈昌彦,王思敬,沈小克.边坡岩体稳定性的人工神经网络预测模型[J].岩土工程学报,2001,23(2):157-161.
[22]夏元友,朱瑞赓,李新平,等.基于神经网络的岩质边坡稳定性评估系统研究[J].自然灾害学报,1996,5(1):94-104.
[23]祝介旺,刘建友,等.锦屏一级水电站左岸深部卸荷裂隙的加固方案及数值模拟研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(12):2541-2548.
[24]CHAI X J,HAYASHI S.Effect of Constrained Dilatancy onPull-out Resistance of Nails in Sandy[J].GroundImprovement,2005,9(3):127-135.
[25]MONA Lindstrom,ALF Kveen.New Methods for TunnelInvestigation[J].Sustainable Underground Concepts,2006,No.15:71-75.
[26]GRASSELLI G.3D behavior of bolted rock joints:experimental and numerical study[J].International Journal ofRock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2005,42(1):13-24.
[27]河南地调一队.罗山滑坡工程地质勘察报告[R].河南地调一队,2006.
[28]中南大学资源与安全工程院.罗山多金属矿坡体稳定性研究与治理阶段性报告[R].长沙:中南大学资源与安全工程院,2008.
[29]刘爱华,赵国彦,等.矿山三维模型在滑坡体稳定性分析中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(6):1236-1242.
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