高温高压条件下花岗岩切削破碎试验研究
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摘要
为了达到最接近实际工程的试验效果,采用中国矿业大学的"20MN伺服控制高温高压岩体三轴试验机",设计了精确的加压和旋转系统,操作控制比较方便,测量数据准确。利用大尺寸(φ200mm×400mm)花岗岩试样和工程钻头(φ30mm的PDC钻头),使试验条件更加接近实际工程情况,开创了该类大试样试验的先河。通过正交试验研究花岗岩在高温高压状态下的切削破碎规律,得出以下结论:(1)高围压状态(100MPa)下,随着温度升高,花岗岩的可切削性逐渐增强,在超过一定的钻压时,切削速度随着温度的升高而明显增大,在755N钻压下,300℃的切削速度比室温时增大30%～50%;(2)高围压状态(100MPa)下,随着温度升高,单位破岩能耗明显降低,在钻压为755N时,300℃时的单位破岩能耗比室温时降低20%～30%;(3)在高温高压环境下,切削速度随着钻压或转速的增大而增大;单位破岩能耗随着转速的增大而增大,随着钻压的增大而减小,与室温无围压状态下的切削破碎规律基本一致;(4)由于花岗岩在此温压范围内属于渐进破坏,抗压强度下降缓慢,如果钻压太低则切削速度和单位破岩能耗受温度影响很小,为了在高温下取得对花岗岩的良好切削效果,钻压需要超过一定的值。
Drilling issue will happen in high temperature and high pressure environment in the course of geothermal exploitation.The research on the cutting and breaking laws of rock is of great importance to improve the heat of the earth interior borehole efficiency under conditions of different temperatures and confining pressures.In order to gain the experimental effect most approaching the actual project,this experiment utilizes the "20 MN servo-controlled triaxial rock testing machine with high temperature and pressure"and designs precise pressure-adding and revolving system,leading to simple operational control and accurate measurement results.This experiment also utilizes a large-size(φ 200 mm×400 mm) granite sample to make experimental condition approach actual project condition,thus serving as a pioneer for such experiments.By studying the cutting and breaking law of granite under high temperature and high pressure,the following results can be drawn.(1) Under high pressure condition(100 MPa),cutting property of granite increases gradually with the temperature rising;and beyond a certain drilling pressure,cutting speed increases obviously with the temperature rising.Under 755 N weight on bit(WOB) in the experiment,the cutting speed at 300 ℃ increases by 30% to 50% than that at room temperature.(2) Under high pressure conditions(100 MPa),the unit rock-breaking energy consumption reduces obviously with increment of temperature.Under 755 N WOB,the unit rock-breaking energy consumption at 300 ℃ reduces by 20% to 40% than that at room temperature.(3) In the high temperature and high pressure environments,the cutting speed increases with the rotation speed or WOB.Unit rock-breaking energy consumption increases with the rotation speed increasing,but reduces with WOB increasing.This pattern is basically consistent with that under room temperature without confining pressure.(4) Since granite is damaged gradually within this temperature and pressure range,and the compressive strength goes down slowly.If WOB is very slow,the temperature will have a very small effect on cutting rate and unit rock-breaking energy consumption.WOB needs to exceed a certain value in order to have a good granite cutting effect under high temperature environment.Further study can be conducted in this subject.
Drilling issue will happen in high temperature and high pressure environment in the course of geothermal exploitation.The research on the cutting and breaking laws of rock is of great importance to improve the heat of the earth interior borehole efficiency under conditions of different temperatures and confining pressures.In order to gain the experimental effect most approaching the actual project,this experiment utilizes the "20 MN servo-controlled triaxial rock testing machine with high temperature and pressure"and designs precise pressure-adding and revolving system,leading to simple operational control and accurate measurement results.This experiment also utilizes a large-size(φ 200 mm×400 mm) granite sample to make experimental condition approach actual project condition,thus serving as a pioneer for such experiments.By studying the cutting and breaking law of granite under high temperature and high pressure,the following results can be drawn.(1) Under high pressure condition(100 MPa),cutting property of granite increases gradually with the temperature rising;and beyond a certain drilling pressure,cutting speed increases obviously with the temperature rising.Under 755 N weight on bit(WOB) in the experiment,the cutting speed at 300 ℃ increases by 30% to 50% than that at room temperature.(2) Under high pressure conditions(100 MPa),the unit rock-breaking energy consumption reduces obviously with increment of temperature.Under 755 N WOB,the unit rock-breaking energy consumption at 300 ℃ reduces by 20% to 40% than that at room temperature.(3) In the high temperature and high pressure environments,the cutting speed increases with the rotation speed or WOB.Unit rock-breaking energy consumption increases with the rotation speed increasing,but reduces with WOB increasing.This pattern is basically consistent with that under room temperature without confining pressure.(4) Since granite is damaged gradually within this temperature and pressure range,and the compressive strength goes down slowly.If WOB is very slow,the temperature will have a very small effect on cutting rate and unit rock-breaking energy consumption.WOB needs to exceed a certain value in order to have a good granite cutting effect under high temperature environment.Further study can be conducted in this subject.
引文
[1]万志军,赵阳升,董付科,等.高温及三轴应力下花岗岩体力学特性的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(1):72-77.(WAN Zhijun,ZHAO Yangsheng,DONG Fuke,et al.Experimental study on mechanical characteristics of granite under high temperatures and triaxial stresses[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(1):72-77.(in Chinese))
[2]王靖涛,赵爱国,黄明昌.花岗岩断裂韧度的高温效应[J].岩土工程学报,1989,11(6):113-119.(WANG Jingtao,ZHAO Aiguo,HUANG Mingchang.Effect of high temperature on the fracture toughness of granite[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1989,11(6):113-119.(in Chinese))
[3]魏昕,王成勇,谭哲丽.PDC刀具切削花岗岩的过程研究[J].广东工学院学报,1995,12(增):80-85.(WEI Xin,WANG Chengyong,TAN Zheli.Study on cutting granite with PDC cutter[J].Journal of Guangdong Institute of Technology,1995,12(Supp.):80-85.(in Chinese))
[4]魏昕,王成勇,谭哲丽.PDC刀具切削花岗岩过程的微裂纹扩展[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1996,15(1):71-76.(WEI Xin,WANG Chengyong,TAN Zheli.Development of microcracks in granite cut by PDC tool[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1996,15(1):71-76.(in Chinese))
[5]王成勇,刘培德,胡荣生.岩石切削断裂的应力性质研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1990,9(3):209-215.(WANG Chengyong,LIU Peide,HU Rongsheng.Study of the nature of fracture stress induced by rock-cutting[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1990,9(3):209-215.(in Chinese))
[6]张晓东,易发全,张强,等.PDC钻头与岩石相互作用规律试验研究[J].江汉石油学院学报,2003,25(增):64-65.(ZHANG Xiaodong,YI Faquan,ZHANG Qiang,et al.Experimental study of interacting laws of PDC bit with rock[J].Journal of Jianghan Petroleum Institute,2003,25(Supp.):64-65.(in Chinese))
[7]卢世红,胡湘炯,陈庭根.刮刀钻头钻速规律的初步研究[J].华东石油学院学报,1984,6(1):65-72.(LU Shihong,HU Xiangjiong,CHEN Tinggen.Preliminary study of drilling rate law for drag bit[J].Journal of East China Petroleum Institute,1984,6(1):65-72.(in Chinese))
[8]左明星,王佟,曾铁军.定福庄地热试验井成井工艺研究[J].中国煤田地质,2006,18(6):52-54.(ZUO Mingxing,WANG Tong,ZENG Tiejun.A study on well completion technology of a geothermal test well in Dingfuzhuang,Beijing[J].Coal Geology of China,2006,18(6):52-54.(in Chinese))
[9]赵光贞.山东地区地热井钻井工艺技术[J].探矿工程(岩土钻掘工程),2006,(6):43-45.(ZHAO Guangzhen.Drilling techniques of geothermal well in Shandong region[J].Exploration Engineering(Rock and Soil Drilling and Tunneling),2006,(6):43-45.(in Chinese))
[10]姚冬春.用新型PDC钻头钻地热井[J].国外石油机械,1995,6(4):10-17.(YAO Dongchun.Drill geothermal well with new style PDC aiguille[J].Foreign Petroleum Machinery,1995,6(4):10-17.(in Chinese))
[11]田志坤.地热钻井用钻头[J].探矿工程(岩土钻掘工程),1989,(6):64-66.(TIAN Zhikun.The aiguille of the design to terrestrial heat make hole[J].Exploration Engineering(Rock and Soil Drilling and Tunneling),1989,(6):64-66.(in Chinese))
[12]赵阳升,万志军,张渊,等.20MN伺服控制高温高压岩体三轴试验机的研制[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(1):1-8.(ZHAO Yangsheng,WAN Zhijun,ZHANG Yuan,et al.Research and development of20MN servo-controlled rock triaxial testing system with high temperature and high pressure[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(1):1-8.(in Chinese))
[13]周永胜,蒋海昆,何昌荣.不同温压条件下居庸关花岗岩脆塑性转化与失稳型式的试验研究[J].中国地震,2002,18(4):389-400.(ZHOU Yongsheng,JIANG Haikun,HE Changrong.Experiments of brittle-plastic transition,modes of instability of Juyongguan granite at different T-P conditions[J].Earthquake Research in China,2002,18(4):389-400.(in Chinese))
[14]刘泉声,许锡昌,山口勉,等.三峡花岗岩与温度及时间相关的力学性质试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2001,20(5):715-719.(LIU Quansheng,XU Xichang,YAMAGUCHI T,et al.Testing study on mechanical properties of the Three Gorges granite concerning temperature and time[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2001,20(5):715-719.(in Chinese))
[2]王靖涛,赵爱国,黄明昌.花岗岩断裂韧度的高温效应[J].岩土工程学报,1989,11(6):113-119.(WANG Jingtao,ZHAO Aiguo,HUANG Mingchang.Effect of high temperature on the fracture toughness of granite[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1989,11(6):113-119.(in Chinese))
[3]魏昕,王成勇,谭哲丽.PDC刀具切削花岗岩的过程研究[J].广东工学院学报,1995,12(增):80-85.(WEI Xin,WANG Chengyong,TAN Zheli.Study on cutting granite with PDC cutter[J].Journal of Guangdong Institute of Technology,1995,12(Supp.):80-85.(in Chinese))
[4]魏昕,王成勇,谭哲丽.PDC刀具切削花岗岩过程的微裂纹扩展[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1996,15(1):71-76.(WEI Xin,WANG Chengyong,TAN Zheli.Development of microcracks in granite cut by PDC tool[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1996,15(1):71-76.(in Chinese))
[5]王成勇,刘培德,胡荣生.岩石切削断裂的应力性质研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1990,9(3):209-215.(WANG Chengyong,LIU Peide,HU Rongsheng.Study of the nature of fracture stress induced by rock-cutting[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1990,9(3):209-215.(in Chinese))
[6]张晓东,易发全,张强,等.PDC钻头与岩石相互作用规律试验研究[J].江汉石油学院学报,2003,25(增):64-65.(ZHANG Xiaodong,YI Faquan,ZHANG Qiang,et al.Experimental study of interacting laws of PDC bit with rock[J].Journal of Jianghan Petroleum Institute,2003,25(Supp.):64-65.(in Chinese))
[7]卢世红,胡湘炯,陈庭根.刮刀钻头钻速规律的初步研究[J].华东石油学院学报,1984,6(1):65-72.(LU Shihong,HU Xiangjiong,CHEN Tinggen.Preliminary study of drilling rate law for drag bit[J].Journal of East China Petroleum Institute,1984,6(1):65-72.(in Chinese))
[8]左明星,王佟,曾铁军.定福庄地热试验井成井工艺研究[J].中国煤田地质,2006,18(6):52-54.(ZUO Mingxing,WANG Tong,ZENG Tiejun.A study on well completion technology of a geothermal test well in Dingfuzhuang,Beijing[J].Coal Geology of China,2006,18(6):52-54.(in Chinese))
[9]赵光贞.山东地区地热井钻井工艺技术[J].探矿工程(岩土钻掘工程),2006,(6):43-45.(ZHAO Guangzhen.Drilling techniques of geothermal well in Shandong region[J].Exploration Engineering(Rock and Soil Drilling and Tunneling),2006,(6):43-45.(in Chinese))
[10]姚冬春.用新型PDC钻头钻地热井[J].国外石油机械,1995,6(4):10-17.(YAO Dongchun.Drill geothermal well with new style PDC aiguille[J].Foreign Petroleum Machinery,1995,6(4):10-17.(in Chinese))
[11]田志坤.地热钻井用钻头[J].探矿工程(岩土钻掘工程),1989,(6):64-66.(TIAN Zhikun.The aiguille of the design to terrestrial heat make hole[J].Exploration Engineering(Rock and Soil Drilling and Tunneling),1989,(6):64-66.(in Chinese))
[12]赵阳升,万志军,张渊,等.20MN伺服控制高温高压岩体三轴试验机的研制[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(1):1-8.(ZHAO Yangsheng,WAN Zhijun,ZHANG Yuan,et al.Research and development of20MN servo-controlled rock triaxial testing system with high temperature and high pressure[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(1):1-8.(in Chinese))
[13]周永胜,蒋海昆,何昌荣.不同温压条件下居庸关花岗岩脆塑性转化与失稳型式的试验研究[J].中国地震,2002,18(4):389-400.(ZHOU Yongsheng,JIANG Haikun,HE Changrong.Experiments of brittle-plastic transition,modes of instability of Juyongguan granite at different T-P conditions[J].Earthquake Research in China,2002,18(4):389-400.(in Chinese))
[14]刘泉声,许锡昌,山口勉,等.三峡花岗岩与温度及时间相关的力学性质试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2001,20(5):715-719.(LIU Quansheng,XU Xichang,YAMAGUCHI T,et al.Testing study on mechanical properties of the Three Gorges granite concerning temperature and time[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2001,20(5):715-719.(in Chinese))
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