地裂缝活动对土体应力与变形影响的试验研究
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摘要
通过进行西安典型地层环境下地裂缝活动的大型模型试验,研究了隐伏地裂缝活动引起附近土体应力与变形的规律。试验表明,地裂缝活动在上盘土体中产生负的附加应力,引起土体应力降低,而在下盘土体中产生正的附加应力,引起土体应力增强,且距离地裂缝越远由地裂缝活动引起的附加应力越小。地裂缝活动导致其两侧土体发生台阶状位移突变现象,随着地层由深至浅,土体变形范围明显增大,且影响区范围上盘大于下盘。地裂缝活动引起附近土体应力的分布在空间上大致分为4个区域即下盘原始应力区、应力增强区、应力降低区和上盘原始应力区,其中应力降低区范围约为应力增强区的1.5～2倍。同时,地裂缝附近土体沉降变形也可分为3个带,即下盘稳定带、差异沉降过渡带和上盘稳定带,其中上盘差异沉降带范围约为下盘沉降差异带的2倍。
The stress and deformation characteristics of soil mass nearby ground fissure were studied by a large-scale model test of ground fissure activity under the environment of Xi'an typical strata.It is shown that in the hanging wall of ground fissure the negative additional stress in soil mass is induced by the ground fissure movement and so stress in soil decreases;but in the foot wall the positive additional stress in soil mass is created and stress in soil increases,and the more far distance from ground fissure,less additional stress caused by ground fissure movement.Meanwhile,the bilateral soil deformations of ground fissure appear step mutation;and the range of soil deformation is larged from deep strata to shallow strata;and deformation zone in hanging wall is larger than that in footwall.Soil stress distrbution nearby ground fissure in space can be divided into 4 zones,i.e.the initial stress zone of footwall,stress increasing zone,stress decreasing zone and initial stress zone of hanging wall;and the range of stress decreasing zone is 1.5 to 2 times that of stress increasing zone.Also the soil settlement deformation neraby ground fissure can be divided into 3 zones,i.e.the stable zone of footwall,differential settlement transitional zone and stable zone of hanging wall;and the range of differential settlement zone in hanging wall is 2 times that of the footwall of ground fissure.
The stress and deformation characteristics of soil mass nearby ground fissure were studied by a large-scale model test of ground fissure activity under the environment of Xi'an typical strata.It is shown that in the hanging wall of ground fissure the negative additional stress in soil mass is induced by the ground fissure movement and so stress in soil decreases;but in the foot wall the positive additional stress in soil mass is created and stress in soil increases,and the more far distance from ground fissure,less additional stress caused by ground fissure movement.Meanwhile,the bilateral soil deformations of ground fissure appear step mutation;and the range of soil deformation is larged from deep strata to shallow strata;and deformation zone in hanging wall is larger than that in footwall.Soil stress distrbution nearby ground fissure in space can be divided into 4 zones,i.e.the initial stress zone of footwall,stress increasing zone,stress decreasing zone and initial stress zone of hanging wall;and the range of stress decreasing zone is 1.5 to 2 times that of stress increasing zone.Also the soil settlement deformation neraby ground fissure can be divided into 3 zones,i.e.the stable zone of footwall,differential settlement transitional zone and stable zone of hanging wall;and the range of differential settlement zone in hanging wall is 2 times that of the footwall of ground fissure.
引文
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[16]邓亚虹,彭建兵,范文,等.地裂缝活动环境下盾构隧道双层衬砌性状分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(增2):3861-3867.DENG Ya-hong,PENG Jian-bing,FAN Wen,et al.Analysis of double-layer liner’s behaviors of shield tunnel under the environment of moving ground-fissures[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(Supp.2):3861-3867.
[2]AYALEW L,YAMAGISHI H,REIK G.Groung cracks in ethio-pian rift valley:Facts and uncertainties[J].Engineering Geology,2004,75:309-324.
[3]彭建兵,陈立伟,黄强兵,等.地裂缝破裂扩展的大型物理模拟试验研究[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(6):1826-1834.PENG Jian-bing,CHEN Li-wei,HUANG Qiang-bing,et al.Large-scale physical simulative experiment on ground fissure expanison mechanism[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2008,51(6):1826-1834.
[4]门玉明,石玉玲.西安地裂缝研究中的若干重要科学问题[J].地球科学与环境学报,2008,30(2):172-176.MEN Yu-ming,SHI Yu-ling.Some important scientific questions in the research on Xi’an ground fissures[J].Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,2008,30(2):172-176.
[5]王景明.地裂缝及其灾害的理论分析与应用[M].西安:陕西科学技术出版社,2000.
[6]李永善.西安地裂缝及渭河盆地活断层研究[M].北京:地震出版社,1992.
[7]张家明.西安地裂缝研究[M].西安:西北大学出版社,1990.
[8]彭建兵.渭河盆地活动断裂与地质灾害[M].西安:西北大学出版社,1992.
[9]彭建兵,范文,李喜安,等.汾渭盆地地裂缝成因研究中的若干关键问题[J].工程地质学报,2007,15(4):433-440.PENG Jian-bing,FAN Wen,LI Xi-an,et al.Some key questions in the formation of ground fissures in the Fen-Wei basin[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2007,15(4):433-440.
[10]易学发,苏刚,王卫东,等.西安地裂缝带的基本特征与形成机制[J].地震地质,1997,19(4):289-295.YI Xue-fa,SU Gang,WANG Wei-dong,et al.Basic characteristics of the fissure zone in Xi’an and their causive mechanism[J].Seismology and Geology,1997,19(4):289-295.
[11]王庆良,刘玉海,陈志新,等.抽水引起的含水层水平应变-地裂缝活动新机理[J].工程地质学报,2002,10(1):46-50.WANG Qing-liang,LIU Yu-hai,CHEN Zhi-xin,et al.Horizontal strain of aquifer induced by groundwater pumping new mechanism for ground fissure movement[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2002,10(1):46-50.
[12]李新生,王万平,王静,等.西安地裂缝两盘地层岩土物理力学性质研究[J].水文地质工程地质,2008,(2):58-61.LI Xin-sheng,WANG Wan-ping,WANG Jing,et al.Research on physical and mechanical properties of strata on both sides of Xi’an ground fractures[J].Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,2008,(2):58-61.
[13]朱庆杰,陈艳华,蒋录珍.场地和断层对埋地管道破坏的影响分析[J].岩土力学,2008,29(9):2392-2396.ZHU Qin-jie,CHEN Yan-hua,JIANG Lu-zhen.Influnces of site and faults on damage of buried pipelines[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2008,29(9):2392-2396.
[14]范文,邓龙胜,彭建兵,等.地铁隧道穿越地裂缝带的物理模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(9):1917-1923.FAN Wen,DENG Long-sheng,PENG Jian-bing,et al.Study of the physical model experiment of subway tunnel crossing the ground fisure belt[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(9):1917-1923.
[15]黄强兵,彭建兵,门玉明,等.地裂缝对地铁明挖整体式衬砌隧道影响机制的模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(11):2324-2331.HUANG Qiang-bing,PENG Jian-bing,MEN Yu-ming,et al.Model test study of effect of ground fissure on open-cut metro tunnel with integral lining[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(11):2324-2331.
[16]邓亚虹,彭建兵,范文,等.地裂缝活动环境下盾构隧道双层衬砌性状分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(增2):3861-3867.DENG Ya-hong,PENG Jian-bing,FAN Wen,et al.Analysis of double-layer liner’s behaviors of shield tunnel under the environment of moving ground-fissures[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(Supp.2):3861-3867.
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