基于DEM数据的北天山地貌形态分析
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摘要
基于SRTM3-DEM数据,运用GIS空间分析技术,通过面积-高度积分、地形高程(平均高程、最大高程、最小高程)、地势起伏度及地形剖面线方法,对北天山的地貌特征进行了初步分析。结果表明,北天山山势险峻并且呈NW-SE走向,显示天山受南北向水平挤压隆升作用。近S形的面积-高度曲线、偏高的面积高度积分值表明北天山地区处于构造活跃时期,地貌发育属壮年期的早期阶段。地形高程剖面线揭示了北天山存在3级夷平面地貌特征,地势起伏度变化幅度最大地区则是受陆内挤压构造应力影响地形抬升最强的地区。
The present topography and high elevation of the NW-SE-trending Tianshan Mountains are the direct result of north-south convergence driven by the India-Asia collision during the Cenozoic times.Based on SRTM3-DEM data,we analyze the geomorphic character of the northern Tianshan Mountains and the implications using GIS analysis including Hypsometric Integral,Average Elevation,Summit Level Elevation,Local Relief and Swath Profile.Hypsometric Integral(HI),after the method of Pike and Wilson(1971),is used to analyze tectonism of the northern Tianshan Mountains.The S-shaped Hypsometric curve significantly suggests the currently active tectonism and the mature period of geomorphic evolution in the northern Tianshan Mountains.We argue that,according to GIS analysis,3 planation surfaces with different elevation have been developed within the northern Tianshan Mountains,and these three planation surfaces display the distinguished geomorphic character due to different erosion controlled by elevation,tecnonism and lithology.
The present topography and high elevation of the NW-SE-trending Tianshan Mountains are the direct result of north-south convergence driven by the India-Asia collision during the Cenozoic times.Based on SRTM3-DEM data,we analyze the geomorphic character of the northern Tianshan Mountains and the implications using GIS analysis including Hypsometric Integral,Average Elevation,Summit Level Elevation,Local Relief and Swath Profile.Hypsometric Integral(HI),after the method of Pike and Wilson(1971),is used to analyze tectonism of the northern Tianshan Mountains.The S-shaped Hypsometric curve significantly suggests the currently active tectonism and the mature period of geomorphic evolution in the northern Tianshan Mountains.We argue that,according to GIS analysis,3 planation surfaces with different elevation have been developed within the northern Tianshan Mountains,and these three planation surfaces display the distinguished geomorphic character due to different erosion controlled by elevation,tecnonism and lithology.
引文
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[24]吕红华,李有利,南峰,等.天山北麓黄土发育特征及形成年代[J].地理科学,2008,28:375~379.
[25]周锋.准噶尔盆地南缘断裂与褶皱体系研究[J].中国西部油气地质,2006,2(3):281~285.
[26]Rabus B,Eineder M,Roth A,et al.The shuttle radar topogra-phy mission-Anewclass of digital elevation models acquired byspaceborne radar[J].ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry&Re-mote Sensing,2003,57:241-262.
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[28]Montgomeiy D R,Rrandon MT,Topographic controls on erosionrates in tectonically active mountain ranges[J].Earth and Plan-etary Science Letters,2002,201:481-489.
[29]涂汉明,刘振东.中国地势起伏度研究[J].测绘学报,1991,11(04):311~319.
[30]Strahler A N.Hypsometric(Area-Altitude)Analysis of Ero-sional Topography[J].Bulletin of the Geological Society of A-merica,1952,63:1117-1142.
[31]Pike R J,Wilson S E.Elevation-relief ratio,hypsometric inte-gral and geomorphic area-altitude analysis[J].Geol.Soc.Am.Bull.,1971,62:1079~1084.
[32]陈彦桀,郑光佑.面积尺度与空间分布对流域面积高度积分及地质意义影响[J].地理学报(台湾),2005,(39):53~69.
[33]张瑞津,石再天.高屏溪谷与潮州断崖冲积扇的地形学研究[M].国立台湾师范大学地理研究报告,2002,(24):39~86.
[34]袁玉江,魏文寿,穆桂金.天山山区近40年秋季气候变化特征与南、北疆比较[J].地理科学,2004,24(6):674~679.
[35]张丽旭,魏文寿.天山西部中山带积雪变化趋势与气温和降水的关系[J].地理科学,2002,22(1):67~70.
[2]陈彦光,刘继生.地理学主要任务与研究方法——从科学体系视角看地理科学发展[J].地理科学,2004,24(3):257~262.
[3]Burbank D W.Characteristic Size of Relief[J].Nature,1992,359:483-484.
[4]Fielding E J.Morphotectonic evolution of the Himalayas and Ti-betan Plateau[M].//Summerfield MA ed.Geomorphology andGlobal Tectonics.London:John Wiley&Sons Press Ltd.,2000:201-222.
[5]Kuhni A,Pfiffner O A.The relief of the Swiss Alps and adjacentareas and its relation to lithology and structure:topographic analysisfrom a 250-m DEM[J].Geomorphology,2001,4:285-307.
[6]张会平,杨农,张岳桥,等.基于DEM的岷山构造带地貌初步研究[J].国土资源遥感,2004,62(4):54~58.
[7]陈正位,申旭辉,曹忠权,等.基于数字高程模型对亚东谷露构造带第四纪活动习性研究[J].地震,2004,24(2):40~46.
[8]洪顺英,申旭辉.基于SRTM_DEM的阿尔泰山构造地貌特征分析[J].国土资源遥感,2007,9(3):62~66.
[9]史兴民,李有利,杨景春.新疆玛纳斯湖变迁的气候和构造分析[J].地理科学,2008,28(2)266~271.
[10]王若柏,苏建锋.冀中平原历史地貌研究与白洋淀成因的探讨[J].地理科学,2008,28(4):501~506.
[11]汪小钦,王钦敏,励惠国,等.黄河三角洲土地利用/覆盖变化的微地貌区域分异[J].地理科学,2008,28(4):513~517.
[12]任雪梅,陈忠,罗丽霞,等.夷平面研究综述[J].地理科学,2003,23(01):107~111.
[13]潘保田,高红山,李吉均.关于夷平面的科学问题——兼论青藏高原夷平面[J].地理科学,2002,22(5):520~526.
[14]冯金良,崔之久,朱立平,等.夷平面研究评述[J].山地学报,2005,23(1):1~113.
[15]王树基.亚洲中部山地夷平面研究——以天山山系为例[M].北京,科学出版社,1998:1~152.
[16]Molnar P,Tapponnier P.Cenozoic tectonics of Asia:effects on acontinental collision[J].Science,1975,189:419-426.
[17]Tapponnier P,Monlar P.Active faulting and Cenozoic tectonicsof the Tien Shan,Mongolia,and Baykal Regions[J].JournalGeophysics Research,1979,84:3425-3459.
[18]Allen MB,Vincents S J,Wheeler P J.Late Cenozoic tectonicsof the Kepingtoge thrust zone:interaction between the Tian Shanand the Tarim Basin,northwest China[J].Tectonics,1999.18:639-654.
[19]贾承造,魏国齐,李本亮,等.中国中西部两期前陆盆地的形成及其控气作用[J].石油学报,2003,24(2):13~17.
[20]孙继敏,朱日祥.天山北麓晚新生代沉积及其新构造与古环境指示意义[J].第四纪研究,2006,1(1):14~18.
[21]邓起东,冯先岳,张培震.天山活动构造[M].北京:地震出版社,2000:1~399.
[22]Chen J,Burbank D W,Scharer K M,et al.Magnetochronologyof the Upper Cenozoic strata in the southwestern Chinese TianShan:Rates of Pleistocene folding and thrusting[J].Earth andPlanetary Science Letters,2002,195(1~2):113-130.
[23]方世虎,贾承造,郭召杰,等.准噶尔盆地南缘前陆冲断带形成时间的初步厘定[J].地学前缘,2005,12(3):66.
[24]吕红华,李有利,南峰,等.天山北麓黄土发育特征及形成年代[J].地理科学,2008,28:375~379.
[25]周锋.准噶尔盆地南缘断裂与褶皱体系研究[J].中国西部油气地质,2006,2(3):281~285.
[26]Rabus B,Eineder M,Roth A,et al.The shuttle radar topogra-phy mission-Anewclass of digital elevation models acquired byspaceborne radar[J].ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry&Re-mote Sensing,2003,57:241-262.
[27]United States Geological Survey.Shuttle Radar Topography Missiondocumentation:SRTM Topo[R//OL].http://edcftp.cr.usgs.Gov/pub/data/srtm/Documentation/SRTM-Topo.txt.2003.
[28]Montgomeiy D R,Rrandon MT,Topographic controls on erosionrates in tectonically active mountain ranges[J].Earth and Plan-etary Science Letters,2002,201:481-489.
[29]涂汉明,刘振东.中国地势起伏度研究[J].测绘学报,1991,11(04):311~319.
[30]Strahler A N.Hypsometric(Area-Altitude)Analysis of Ero-sional Topography[J].Bulletin of the Geological Society of A-merica,1952,63:1117-1142.
[31]Pike R J,Wilson S E.Elevation-relief ratio,hypsometric inte-gral and geomorphic area-altitude analysis[J].Geol.Soc.Am.Bull.,1971,62:1079~1084.
[32]陈彦桀,郑光佑.面积尺度与空间分布对流域面积高度积分及地质意义影响[J].地理学报(台湾),2005,(39):53~69.
[33]张瑞津,石再天.高屏溪谷与潮州断崖冲积扇的地形学研究[M].国立台湾师范大学地理研究报告,2002,(24):39~86.
[34]袁玉江,魏文寿,穆桂金.天山山区近40年秋季气候变化特征与南、北疆比较[J].地理科学,2004,24(6):674~679.
[35]张丽旭,魏文寿.天山西部中山带积雪变化趋势与气温和降水的关系[J].地理科学,2002,22(1):67~70.
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