岩石破裂过程中的声发射b值及分形特征研究
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摘要
应用声发射及其定位技术,通过单轴受压岩石破坏声发射试验,对岩石破裂过程中的声发射b值和空间分布分形维值随不同应力水平的变化趋势进行了研究。研究结果表明:声发射分形维值D和b值反映了岩石破坏过程中微裂纹的初始和扩展;在小尺度微裂纹所占比例较高的加载初期,分形维值和b值在较高的水平波动变化,部分岩石试件分形维值和b值呈现升高现象;随着载荷的增加,岩石内部微裂纹的空间分布由无序向有序转变,大尺度裂纹所占比例增加,声发射定位事件出现群集现象,分形维值和b值开始较快速下降并在岩石失稳破坏时达到最低值。在岩石破坏过程中,声发射分形维值和b值的变化趋势相近。由于实际应用时,分形维值和b值的最小值(临界点)难以确定,故可将2个参数相结合,以分形维值D和b值较快速下降作为前兆特征,以提高现场岩体稳定性监测的准确性。
Acoustic emission(AE) experiments of rock failure are carried out under uniaxial compression loading with AE location technique.Relationships between different stress levels with spatial distribution fractal dimension and b-value of AE events are studied.The results show that fractal dimension D and b-value of AE events can directly reflect the evolutionary process of microcracks initiation and propagation.In the initial stage of loading, on account of high proportion of small scale microcracks, the value of fractal dimension and b-value are higher and appear fluctuating, and in some rock samples they are increasing.With the increase of load, the distribution of microcrack turns from random to order, large scale microcrack are increasing, acoustic emission location events begin to cluster, fractal dimension and b-value begin to drop much quickly.The fractal dimension and b-value reach to the minimum value at the critical point of rock failure.During rock failure process, variable tendencies of fractal dimension and b-value are similar.Although it is difficult to confirm the minimum value of fractal dimension and b-value in practical application, continually declining of the two parameters can be seen as precursors of rock failure.Consequently, fractal dimension and b-value can be combined used to improve the accuracy of rock mass monitoring and forecasting in-situ.
Acoustic emission(AE) experiments of rock failure are carried out under uniaxial compression loading with AE location technique.Relationships between different stress levels with spatial distribution fractal dimension and b-value of AE events are studied.The results show that fractal dimension D and b-value of AE events can directly reflect the evolutionary process of microcracks initiation and propagation.In the initial stage of loading, on account of high proportion of small scale microcracks, the value of fractal dimension and b-value are higher and appear fluctuating, and in some rock samples they are increasing.With the increase of load, the distribution of microcrack turns from random to order, large scale microcrack are increasing, acoustic emission location events begin to cluster, fractal dimension and b-value begin to drop much quickly.The fractal dimension and b-value reach to the minimum value at the critical point of rock failure.During rock failure process, variable tendencies of fractal dimension and b-value are similar.Although it is difficult to confirm the minimum value of fractal dimension and b-value in practical application, continually declining of the two parameters can be seen as precursors of rock failure.Consequently, fractal dimension and b-value can be combined used to improve the accuracy of rock mass monitoring and forecasting in-situ.
引文
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[13]曾正文,马谨,刘力强,等.岩石破裂扩展过程中的声发射b值动态特征及意义[J].地震地质,1995,17(1):7-11.ZENG Zheng-wen,MA Jin,LIU Li-qiang,et al.AE b-value dynamic features during rock mass fracturing and their significances[J].Seismology and Geology,1995,17(1):7-11.
[14]董毓利,谢和平,赵鹏.砼受压全过程声发射b值与分形维值的研究[J].试验力学,1996,11(3):273-276.DONG Yu-li,XIE He-ping,ZHAO Peng.Study on b value and fractal dimension Df of concrete under complete process compression[J].Journal of Experimental Mechanics,1996,11(3):273-276.
[15]张济忠.分形[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1995.
[16]LEI X L,KUSUNOSE K,NISHIZAWA O,et al.Quasi-static fault growth and cracking in homogeneous brittle rock under triaxial compression using acoustic emission monitoring[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2000,105:6127-6139.
[2]LEI X L,SATOH T S.Indicators of critical point behavior prior to rock failure inferred from pre-failure damage[J].Tectonophysics,2007,431:97-111.
[3]LABUZ J F,BIOLZI L.Experiment with rock:Remarks on strength and stability issues[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics&Mining Sciences,2007,44:525-537.
[4]LEI X L,MASUDA K,NISHIZAWA O,et al.Detailedanalysis of acoustic emission activity during catastrophic fracture of faults in rock[J].Journal of Structural Geology,2004,26:247-258.
[5]谢和平.分形—岩石力学导论[M].北京:科学出版社,1996.
[6]李全林,于涛,郝柏林,等.地震频度——震级关系的时空扫描[M].北京:地震出版社,1979.
[7]李庶林,尹贤刚,王泳嘉,等.单轴受压岩石破坏全过程声发射特征研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004.23(15):2499-2503.LI Shu-lin,YIN Xian-gang,WANG Yong-jia,et al.Studies on acoustic emission characteristics of uniaxial compressive rock failure[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(15):2499-2503.
[8]付小敏.典型岩石单轴压缩变形及声发射特性试验研究[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2005,32(1):17-21.FU Xiao-min.Experimental study on uniaxial compression deformation and acoustic emission property of typical rocks[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Technology(Science&Technology Edition),2005,32(1):17-21.
[9]张茹,谢和平,刘建锋,等.单轴多级加载岩石破坏声发射特性试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(12):2584-2588.ZHANG Ru,XIE He-ping,LIU Jian-feng,et al.Experimental study on acoustic emission characteristics of rock failure under uniaxial multilevel loadings[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(1):2584-2588.
[10]赵兴东,李元辉,袁瑞甫,等.基于声发射定位的岩石裂纹动态演化过程研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(5):944-949.ZHAO Xing-dong,LI Yuan-hui,YUAN Rui-fu,et al.Study on crack dynamic propagation process of rock samples based on acoustic emission location[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(5):944-949.
[11]高峰,李建军,李肖音,等.岩石声发射特征的分形分析[J].武汉理工大学学报,2005,27(7):67-69.GAO Feng,LI Jian-jun,LI Xiao-yin,et al.Fractal analysis of the characteristics of acoustic emission of rock[J].Journal of Wuhan University of Technology,2005,27(7):67-69.
[12]尹贤刚,李庶林,唐海燕.岩石破坏声发射强度分形特征研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(19):3512-3516.YIN Xian-gang,LI Shu-lin,TANG Hai-yan.Study on strength fractal features of acoustic emission in process of rock failure[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(19):3512-3516.
[13]曾正文,马谨,刘力强,等.岩石破裂扩展过程中的声发射b值动态特征及意义[J].地震地质,1995,17(1):7-11.ZENG Zheng-wen,MA Jin,LIU Li-qiang,et al.AE b-value dynamic features during rock mass fracturing and their significances[J].Seismology and Geology,1995,17(1):7-11.
[14]董毓利,谢和平,赵鹏.砼受压全过程声发射b值与分形维值的研究[J].试验力学,1996,11(3):273-276.DONG Yu-li,XIE He-ping,ZHAO Peng.Study on b value and fractal dimension Df of concrete under complete process compression[J].Journal of Experimental Mechanics,1996,11(3):273-276.
[15]张济忠.分形[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1995.
[16]LEI X L,KUSUNOSE K,NISHIZAWA O,et al.Quasi-static fault growth and cracking in homogeneous brittle rock under triaxial compression using acoustic emission monitoring[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2000,105:6127-6139.
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