基于小波包分析的建(构)筑物爆破振动安全判据研究
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摘要
基于现场实测爆破振动数据,采用小波包分析技术对爆破振动信号进行了时频特征分析。根据小波包变换的分层分解关系,推导出爆破振动信号不同频带的小波包频带能量,小波包频带能量能同时反映爆破振动三要素(振动的强度、频率和持续时间)的作用影响。从结构动力响应角度,探讨了受控建(构)筑物本身的固有特性对爆破振动动态响应的影响,获得了受控建(构)筑物在爆破振动作用下的频带响应系数。首次建立了能考虑爆破振动的强度、频率和持续时间以及受控建(构)筑物本身的动态响应特性(固有频率和阻尼比)等因素综合的安全判据——响应能量判据,并用工程实例验证了该判据的可行性和可靠性。
According to the collected field data of blasting vibration, the time-frequency characteristic analysis for blasting vibration signals is made by use of the wavelet packet analysis technology. According to the multi-resolution decomposition of wavelet packet transform, the wavelet packet frequency band energy is deduced on different bands of blasting vibration signals, and it can reflect the total influence of all the three key elements (the intensity, frequency and duration of vibration) of blasting vibration. Considering the dynamic response of structures, the influence of the inherent characteristics of the controlled structures on the blasting vibration dynamic response is discussed, and the frequency band response coefficients for the controlled structures by blasting vibration are obtained. A safety criterion of multi-factors blasting vibration called response energy criterion is firstly established. The criterion can reflect the total influence of the intensity, frequency and duration of vibration and the characteristics (natural frequency and damping ratio) of dynamic response from the controlled structures themselves, and the feasibility and reliability of the criterion are validated by some practical engineering cases.
According to the collected field data of blasting vibration, the time-frequency characteristic analysis for blasting vibration signals is made by use of the wavelet packet analysis technology. According to the multi-resolution decomposition of wavelet packet transform, the wavelet packet frequency band energy is deduced on different bands of blasting vibration signals, and it can reflect the total influence of all the three key elements (the intensity, frequency and duration of vibration) of blasting vibration. Considering the dynamic response of structures, the influence of the inherent characteristics of the controlled structures on the blasting vibration dynamic response is discussed, and the frequency band response coefficients for the controlled structures by blasting vibration are obtained. A safety criterion of multi-factors blasting vibration called response energy criterion is firstly established. The criterion can reflect the total influence of the intensity, frequency and duration of vibration and the characteristics (natural frequency and damping ratio) of dynamic response from the controlled structures themselves, and the feasibility and reliability of the criterion are validated by some practical engineering cases.
引文
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[15]GB6722—2003爆破安全规程[S].2003.(GB6722—2003Blasting safety rules[S].2003.(in Chinese))
[2]汪旭光,于亚伦.关于爆破震动安全判据的几个问题[J].工程爆破,2001,7(2):88–92.(WANG Xu-guang,YU Ya-lun.On several problems of safety criterion for blasting vibration[J].Engineering Blasting,2001,7(2):88–92.(in Chinese))
[3]李仲奎,王爱民,李送成.某地下厂房施工过程中突发性破坏的分析及对策[J].岩土工程学报,1997,19(5):74–79.(LI Zhong-kui,WANG Ai-min,LI Song-cheng.Analysis for a triggered collapse in construction of a underground powerhouse[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1997,19(5):74–79.(in Chinese))
[4]中国生,徐国元,熊正明.基于小波变换的爆破地震信号能量分析法的应用研究[J].爆炸与冲击,2006,26(3):222–227.(ZHONG Guo-sheng,XU Guo-yuan,XIONGZheng-ming.Application research of the energy analysis method for blasting seismic signals based on wavelet transform[J].Explosion and Shock Waves,2006,26(3):222–227.(in Chinese))
[5]李宏男,王丙乾,林皋.爆破地震效应若干问题的研究[J].爆炸与冲击,1996,16(1):61–67.(LI Hong-nan,WANG Bing-qian,LIN Gao.Studies on some problems on explosion earthquake responses[J].Explosion and Shock Waves,1996,16(1):61–67.(in Chinese))
[6]陈明,卢文波,易长平,等.大型地下厂房岩锚梁爆破安全控制标准研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(3):499–504.(CHEN Ming,LU Wen-bo,YI Chang-ping,et al.Research on safety standard for rock anchor beam under blasting vibration in large underground powerhouse[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(3):499–504.(in Chinese))
[7]MALLAT S.A theory for multiresolution signal decomposition:the wavelet represention[J].IEEE Transactions Pattern Anal Machine Intell,1989,11(7):674–693.
[8]胡昌华,张军波,夏军,等.基于MATLAB的系统分析与设计—小波分析[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,1999.(HU Chang-hua,ZHANG Jun-bo,XIA Jun,et al.System analysis and design based on MATLAB wavelet analysis[M].Xi’an:Xidian University Press,1999.(in Chinese))
[9]邹云屏,李潇.信号变换与处理[M].武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1993.(ZOU Yun-ping,LI Xiao.Signals transform and processing[M].Wuhan:Huazhong University of Science&Technology Press,1993.(in Chinese))
[10]周德廉,邵国友.现代测试技术与信号分析[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2005.(ZHOU De-lian,SHAO Guo-you.Modern testing technique and signal analysis[M].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology Press,2005.(in Chinese))
[11]俞载道.结构动力学基础[M].上海:同济大学出版社,1987.(YU Zai-dao.Structural dynamics foundation[M].Shanghai:Tongji University Press,1987.(in Chinese))
[12]DOWDING C H.Construction vibration[M].Trenton:Prentice Hall Press,1996.
[13]中国生.基于小波变换爆破振动的应用基础研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2006.(ZHONG Guo-sheng.Applied fundamental research of blasting vibration analysis based on wavelet transform[D].Changsha:Central South University,2006.(in Chinese))
[14]吴立,陈建平,舒家华.论爆破地震效应[J].爆破器材,1999,28(5):24–27.(WU Li,CHEN Jian-ping,SHU Jia-hua.Seismic effect by blasting[J].Explosive Materials,1999,28(5):24–27.(in Chinese))
[15]GB6722—2003爆破安全规程[S].2003.(GB6722—2003Blasting safety rules[S].2003.(in Chinese))
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