中国大陆井水位观测网对甘肃岷县漳县6.6级地震同震响应特征分析
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摘要
基于全国地下流体前兆台网数据库的统计,本文了整理中国大陆井水位观测网中对甘肃岷县漳县6.6级地震水位同震响应的台站特征。分析结果是:(1)岷县漳县6.6级地震烈度Ⅵ度区的1.5倍的范围内主要由静态应变引起的水位同震变化仅有一个台站,水位同震阶升幅度仅1.5cm,静态应变触发地震的可能性不大;(2)震中距大于1 000km的远震响应均为水位阶升,但是其同震变化幅度小于0.3cm,为含水层被压缩引起;(3)该地震引起的水位同震变化的观测井较少,分布范围大,整体上以水位同震阶升占据主体,其分布主要在静态应力变化引起的范围之外,并且与构造带的对应关系无规律可循,此次地震静态应变范围内的应力应该已经得到释放。
On the basis of research reported during the past few decades and data from the national underground fluid precursory network,this study examines the coseismic changes of water level caused by the Minxian-Zhangxian MS6.6 earthquake.Coseismic change was observed in only one water well level in the static strain field with an epicentral distance of≤1.5the fault rupture length,and its amplitude was only 1.5cm.Such static strain is not likely to trigger further earthquake activity.The total water level changes in observation wells indicated that the distance between the water level changes to the epicenter was distributed from 230km to 1470km.In the far field,in which the epicentral distance was larger than 1 000km,coseismic changes were observed in two observation well,both of which showed abrupt water level changes.The mechanism and characteristics of this result could indicate the dominant factor between the elastic-plastic spread and shutting of the rock fracture shown by the influence of quaking around the wells.When the elastic-plastic spread was less than the shutting,the decreased rock porosity resulted in ajump in observation well water level.Moreover,eight observation wells showed coseismic changes of water level in the entire Chinese mainland,which is less than the number of the earthquake coseismic changes.The distribution of the coseismic changes of water level in the wells was large and irregular with geologic structure.From the perspective of all the coseismic changes in observation wells,six observation wells showed abrupt changes in water level.Such increases were the main type of change and were attributed to 75%of the total coseismic changes in water level.Regional tectonic stress should have been released by the Minxian-Zhangxian MS6.6 earthquake.In addition,the structure and hydrogeological conditions of the observation wells were key to the coseismic changes in the water level,and the lithology effect of the observation wells on the coseismic changes was far less than the distance effect.
On the basis of research reported during the past few decades and data from the national underground fluid precursory network,this study examines the coseismic changes of water level caused by the Minxian-Zhangxian MS6.6 earthquake.Coseismic change was observed in only one water well level in the static strain field with an epicentral distance of≤1.5the fault rupture length,and its amplitude was only 1.5cm.Such static strain is not likely to trigger further earthquake activity.The total water level changes in observation wells indicated that the distance between the water level changes to the epicenter was distributed from 230km to 1470km.In the far field,in which the epicentral distance was larger than 1 000km,coseismic changes were observed in two observation well,both of which showed abrupt water level changes.The mechanism and characteristics of this result could indicate the dominant factor between the elastic-plastic spread and shutting of the rock fracture shown by the influence of quaking around the wells.When the elastic-plastic spread was less than the shutting,the decreased rock porosity resulted in ajump in observation well water level.Moreover,eight observation wells showed coseismic changes of water level in the entire Chinese mainland,which is less than the number of the earthquake coseismic changes.The distribution of the coseismic changes of water level in the wells was large and irregular with geologic structure.From the perspective of all the coseismic changes in observation wells,six observation wells showed abrupt changes in water level.Such increases were the main type of change and were attributed to 75%of the total coseismic changes in water level.Regional tectonic stress should have been released by the Minxian-Zhangxian MS6.6 earthquake.In addition,the structure and hydrogeological conditions of the observation wells were key to the coseismic changes in the water level,and the lithology effect of the observation wells on the coseismic changes was far less than the distance effect.
引文
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[4]杨竹转,邓志辉,刘春国,等.中国大陆井水位与水温动态对汶川MS8.0地震的同震响应特征分析[J].地震地质,2008,30(4):895-905.YANGg Zhu-zhuan,DENG Zhi-hui,LIU Chun-guo,et al.Coseismic Changes of Water Level and Water Temperature Caused by MS8.0 Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Seismology and Geology,2008,30(4):895-905.(in Chinese)
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[6]张昭栋,刘庆国,刘涛,等.由井水位资料反演大同-阳高6.1级地震前后应力场的动态演化过程[J].西北地震学报,2001,23(1):66-68.ZHANG Zhao-dong,LIU Qing-guo,LIU Tao,et al.Dynamic Evolution of Stress Field Inverted by Using Data of Well Water Level before and after the Datong-Yanggao MS6.1Earthquake[J].Northwestern Seismological Journal,2001,23(1):66-68.(in Chinese)
[7]Kitagawa Y,Koizumi N,Takahashi M,et al.Changes in Groundwater Levels or Pressures Associated with the 2004Earthquake off the West Coast of Northern Sumatra(M9.0)[J].Earth Planets Space,2006,58:173-179.
[8]郭安宁,郭增建,张津,等.发震构造呈复杂空间关系下相互影响发震的机理研究——以汶川地震为例[J].地震工程学报,2013,35(1):196-202.GUO An-ning,GUO Zheng-jian,ZHANG Jin,et al.Reaearth on the Effect of Seismogenic Structure with Complex Spatial Relationship on Earthquake Mechanism with the Wenchuan Earthquake as An Example[J].China Earthquake Engineering Journal,2013,35(1):196-202.(in Chinese)
[9]王华,王伟,张军,等.郯庐带中南段及邻区井水位同震响应特征[J].地震地磁观测与研究,2012,33(3/4):67-71.WANG Hua,WANG Wei,ZHANG Jun,et al.The Water Level Coseismal Effect Characteristics and Its Significance in Earthquake Prediction of mid-south Segment and Its Adjacent Area of Tanlu Fault Belt[J].Seismological and Geomagnetic Observation and Research,2012,33(3/4):67-71.(in Chinese)
[10]ZHANG Yan,HUANG Fu-qiong.Mechanism of Different Coseismic Water-level Changes in Wells with Similar Epicentral Distances of Intermediate Field[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,2011,101(4):1531-1541.
[11]罗俊秋,孙伶俐,李明,等.水位、水温对汶川8.0和日本9.0级地震的同震响应特征分析[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2011,31(增刊):2-5.LUO Jun-qiu,SUN Ling-li,LI Ming,et al.Analysis of Coseismic Changes of Water Level and Water Temperature in Observation Wells Responding of Hubei to Wenchuan MS8.0Earthquake and Hapan MS9.0Earthquake[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2011,31(Supp):2-5.(in Chinese)
[12]张世民,方炜,舒优良,等.汶川地震前周至深井观测数据的异常特征[J].防灾科技学院学报,2009,11(1):20-27.ZHANG Shi-min,FANG Wei,SHU You-liang,et al.Study on the Anomaly Characteristics of Observation Data in Zhouzhi Deep Borehole before Wenchuan Earthquake[J].J.of Institute of Disaster-Prevention Science and Technology,2009,11(1):20-27.(in Chinese)
[13]李柳英,史水平.广西地下水位数字与模拟观测对比分析[J].南地震,2008,28(4):104-112.LI Liu-ying,SHI Shui-ping.Comparison and Analysis for Digital and Analogue Observations of Groundwater Levels in Guangxi[J].South China journal of seismology,2008,28(4):104-112.(in Chinese)
[14]付虹,刘丽芳,王世芹,等.地方震及近震地下水同震震后效应研究[J].地震,2002,2(4):55-66.FU Hong,LIU Li-fang,WANG Shi-qin,et al.Research on Coseismic and Post seismic Effect of Ground Water for the Local and Near Earthquake[J].Earthquake,2002 2(4):55-66 .(in Chinese)
[15]武晓东,王志惠,王春媛,等.五里营井水位与水温对汶川及日本地震的同震响应[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2012,32(增刊):22-24.WU Xiao-dong,WANG Zhi-hui,WANG Chun-yuan,et al.Coseismic Response Analysis of Water level and Temperature at Wuliying Well for Wenchuan and Japan Earthquankes[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2012,32Supplement:22 -24.(in Chinese)
[16]杨竹转.地震波引起的井水位水温同震变化及其机理研究[J].国际地震动态,2012,11:42-47.YANG Zhu-zhuan.Water Level and Temperature Coseismic Response Caused by Earthquake Wave and Its Mechanism[J].Recent Developments in World Seismology,2012,11:42 -47.(in Chinese)
[17]高玲,林元武,杨明波.延庆五里营稀有气体地球化学特征[J].西北地震学报,2012,34(3):274-276.GAO Ling,LIN Yuan-wu,YANG Ming-bo.Geochemistry Characteristics of the Minor Gases in Wuliying Well at Yanqing County,Beijing[J].Northwestern Seismological Journal,2012,34(3):274-276.(in Chinese)
[18]赵凌云,张辉,刘小凤.甘肃平凉地区地震活动特征及其发震机理研究[J].西北地震学报,2009,31(2):186-190.ZHAO Ling-yun,ZHANG Hui,LIU Xia-feng.Study on Seismicity Characteristics and Mechanism in Pingliang Area,Gansu Province[J].Northwestern Seismological Journal,2009,3(2):186-190.(in Chinese)
[2]Huang F Q,Jian C L,Tang Y,et al.Reaponse Changes of Aome Wells in the Mainland Subsurface Fluid Monitoring Network of China,Due to the September 21,1999,MS7.6ChiChi Earthquake[J].Tectonophysics,2004,390:217-234.
[3]晏锐,黄辅琼.黄骅井水位对苏门答腊5次地震的同震响应初步研究[J].中国地震,2009,25(3):325-332.YAN Rui,HUANG Fu-qiong.Preliminary Study on Coseismic Response of Huanghua Well Water Level to 5Times of Sumatra Earthquakes[J].Earthquake Research in China,2009,25(3):325-332.(in Chinese)
[4]杨竹转,邓志辉,刘春国,等.中国大陆井水位与水温动态对汶川MS8.0地震的同震响应特征分析[J].地震地质,2008,30(4):895-905.YANGg Zhu-zhuan,DENG Zhi-hui,LIU Chun-guo,et al.Coseismic Changes of Water Level and Water Temperature Caused by MS8.0 Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Seismology and Geology,2008,30(4):895-905.(in Chinese)
[5]Matsumoto N,Roeloffs E A.Hydrological Response to Earthquakes in the Haibara Well,Central Japan;Ⅱ,Possible Mechanism Inferred from Time-varying Hydraulic Properties[J].Geophysical Journal International,2003,155(3),899-913.
[6]张昭栋,刘庆国,刘涛,等.由井水位资料反演大同-阳高6.1级地震前后应力场的动态演化过程[J].西北地震学报,2001,23(1):66-68.ZHANG Zhao-dong,LIU Qing-guo,LIU Tao,et al.Dynamic Evolution of Stress Field Inverted by Using Data of Well Water Level before and after the Datong-Yanggao MS6.1Earthquake[J].Northwestern Seismological Journal,2001,23(1):66-68.(in Chinese)
[7]Kitagawa Y,Koizumi N,Takahashi M,et al.Changes in Groundwater Levels or Pressures Associated with the 2004Earthquake off the West Coast of Northern Sumatra(M9.0)[J].Earth Planets Space,2006,58:173-179.
[8]郭安宁,郭增建,张津,等.发震构造呈复杂空间关系下相互影响发震的机理研究——以汶川地震为例[J].地震工程学报,2013,35(1):196-202.GUO An-ning,GUO Zheng-jian,ZHANG Jin,et al.Reaearth on the Effect of Seismogenic Structure with Complex Spatial Relationship on Earthquake Mechanism with the Wenchuan Earthquake as An Example[J].China Earthquake Engineering Journal,2013,35(1):196-202.(in Chinese)
[9]王华,王伟,张军,等.郯庐带中南段及邻区井水位同震响应特征[J].地震地磁观测与研究,2012,33(3/4):67-71.WANG Hua,WANG Wei,ZHANG Jun,et al.The Water Level Coseismal Effect Characteristics and Its Significance in Earthquake Prediction of mid-south Segment and Its Adjacent Area of Tanlu Fault Belt[J].Seismological and Geomagnetic Observation and Research,2012,33(3/4):67-71.(in Chinese)
[10]ZHANG Yan,HUANG Fu-qiong.Mechanism of Different Coseismic Water-level Changes in Wells with Similar Epicentral Distances of Intermediate Field[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,2011,101(4):1531-1541.
[11]罗俊秋,孙伶俐,李明,等.水位、水温对汶川8.0和日本9.0级地震的同震响应特征分析[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2011,31(增刊):2-5.LUO Jun-qiu,SUN Ling-li,LI Ming,et al.Analysis of Coseismic Changes of Water Level and Water Temperature in Observation Wells Responding of Hubei to Wenchuan MS8.0Earthquake and Hapan MS9.0Earthquake[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2011,31(Supp):2-5.(in Chinese)
[12]张世民,方炜,舒优良,等.汶川地震前周至深井观测数据的异常特征[J].防灾科技学院学报,2009,11(1):20-27.ZHANG Shi-min,FANG Wei,SHU You-liang,et al.Study on the Anomaly Characteristics of Observation Data in Zhouzhi Deep Borehole before Wenchuan Earthquake[J].J.of Institute of Disaster-Prevention Science and Technology,2009,11(1):20-27.(in Chinese)
[13]李柳英,史水平.广西地下水位数字与模拟观测对比分析[J].南地震,2008,28(4):104-112.LI Liu-ying,SHI Shui-ping.Comparison and Analysis for Digital and Analogue Observations of Groundwater Levels in Guangxi[J].South China journal of seismology,2008,28(4):104-112.(in Chinese)
[14]付虹,刘丽芳,王世芹,等.地方震及近震地下水同震震后效应研究[J].地震,2002,2(4):55-66.FU Hong,LIU Li-fang,WANG Shi-qin,et al.Research on Coseismic and Post seismic Effect of Ground Water for the Local and Near Earthquake[J].Earthquake,2002 2(4):55-66 .(in Chinese)
[15]武晓东,王志惠,王春媛,等.五里营井水位与水温对汶川及日本地震的同震响应[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2012,32(增刊):22-24.WU Xiao-dong,WANG Zhi-hui,WANG Chun-yuan,et al.Coseismic Response Analysis of Water level and Temperature at Wuliying Well for Wenchuan and Japan Earthquankes[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2012,32Supplement:22 -24.(in Chinese)
[16]杨竹转.地震波引起的井水位水温同震变化及其机理研究[J].国际地震动态,2012,11:42-47.YANG Zhu-zhuan.Water Level and Temperature Coseismic Response Caused by Earthquake Wave and Its Mechanism[J].Recent Developments in World Seismology,2012,11:42 -47.(in Chinese)
[17]高玲,林元武,杨明波.延庆五里营稀有气体地球化学特征[J].西北地震学报,2012,34(3):274-276.GAO Ling,LIN Yuan-wu,YANG Ming-bo.Geochemistry Characteristics of the Minor Gases in Wuliying Well at Yanqing County,Beijing[J].Northwestern Seismological Journal,2012,34(3):274-276.(in Chinese)
[18]赵凌云,张辉,刘小凤.甘肃平凉地区地震活动特征及其发震机理研究[J].西北地震学报,2009,31(2):186-190.ZHAO Ling-yun,ZHANG Hui,LIU Xia-feng.Study on Seismicity Characteristics and Mechanism in Pingliang Area,Gansu Province[J].Northwestern Seismological Journal,2009,3(2):186-190.(in Chinese)
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