负摩阻力引起的桩身下拽力和桩顶下拽位移研究进展
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摘要
简要介绍了土体沉降引起的桩侧负摩阻力导致桩身下拽力和桩顶下拽位移的原因、力学机制以及工程危害性;总结了近年来国内外负摩阻力问题的现场试验、模型试验、数值模拟和理论计算方法等方面的研究现状;指出了目前存在的主要问题——针对考虑桩顶下拽位移、地基土固结时间效应等因素影响以及减少负摩阻力措施方面的研究相对较少;介绍了一种既可以提高桩基竖向承载力又能有效降低负摩阻力对桩基影响的新桩型——扩底楔形桩.
The causes,mechanical mechanism and engineering hazards of dragload and downdrag on piles caused by negative skin friction owing to the settlement of soils were introduced. The worldwide research progress in the field tests,model tests,numerical simulation and theoretical calculation methods of the negative skin friction were summarized. The main problems in the present researches were put forward: that is,relatively scarce studies on the downdrag,consolidation time effect and measures for reducing the influences of negative skin friction. A new type of piles,belled wedge piles,which can improve the vertical bearing capacity of pile foundations and effectively reduce the influences of negative skin friction,were proposed.
The causes,mechanical mechanism and engineering hazards of dragload and downdrag on piles caused by negative skin friction owing to the settlement of soils were introduced. The worldwide research progress in the field tests,model tests,numerical simulation and theoretical calculation methods of the negative skin friction were summarized. The main problems in the present researches were put forward: that is,relatively scarce studies on the downdrag,consolidation time effect and measures for reducing the influences of negative skin friction. A new type of piles,belled wedge piles,which can improve the vertical bearing capacity of pile foundations and effectively reduce the influences of negative skin friction,were proposed.
引文
[1]FELLENIUS B H.Basics of foundation design[M].British Columbia:BiTech Publishers Ltd.,1999.
[2]袁灯平,黄宏伟,程泽坤.软土地桩基侧负摩阻力研究进展初探[J].土木工程学报,2006,39(2):53-60.(YUAN Deng-ping,HUANG Hong-wei,CHENGZe-kun.Research progress of negative skinfriction on piles in soft soil[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2006,39(2):53-60.(in Chinese))
[3]FELLENIUS B H.Downdrag on piles in clay due to negative skinfriction[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,1972,9(4):323-337.
[4]WALKERL K,DARVALLP,LEP.Drag down on coated and uncoated piles[C]//Proceedings of the8thInternational Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering.NewYork:Springer,1973:257-262.
[5]李大展,滕延京,何颐华,等.湿陷性黄土中大直径扩底桩垂直承载性状的试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,1994,16(2):11-21.(LI Da-zhan,TENG Yan-jing,HE Yi-hua,et al.Vertical bearing behavior of large diameter belled pile in collapsible loess[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1994,16(2):11-21.(in Chinese))
[6]马时冬.桩身负摩阻力的现场测试与研究[J].岩土力学,1997,18(1):8-15.(MA Shi-dong.Study the field measurement of negative friction of piles[J].Chinese Journal of Rock and Soil Mechanics,1997,18(1):8-15.(in Chinese))
[7]律文田,冷伍明,王永和.软土地区桥台桩基负摩阻力试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2005,27(6):45-55.(LV Wen-tian,LENG Wu-ming,WANG Yong-he.In-situtests on negative friction resistance of abutment piles in soft soil[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2005,27(6):45-55.(in Chinese))
[8]黄雪峰,陈正汉,哈双,等.大厚度自重湿陷性黄土中灌注桩承载性状与负摩阻力的试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2007,29(3):338-346.(HUANG Xue-feng,CHEN Zheng-han,HAShuang,et al.Research on beating behaviors and negative friction force for filling piles inthe site of collapsible loess with bigthickness[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2007,29(3):338-346.(in Chinese))
[9]王兰民,孙军杰,黄雪峰,等.黄土场地震陷时桩基负摩阻力的现场试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2008,30(3):341-348.(WANGLan-min,SUNJun-jie,HUANG Xue-feng,et al.Fieldtests on negative skinfriction along piles caused by seismic settlement of loess[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2008,30(8):341-348.(in Chinese))
[10]夏力农,杨秀竹.桩顶荷载影响负摩阻力的现场试验与数值模拟[J].铁道科学与工程学报,2008,5(5):46-49.(XIA Li-nong,YANG Xiu-zhu.Field tests and numerical simulation of working load influences on negative skin friction behaviors of piles[J].Journal of Railway Science and Engineering,2008,5(5):46-49.(in Chinese))
[11]JEONGS.Nonlinear three dimensional analysis of downdrag on pile groups[D].Texas:Texas A&MUniversity,1992.
[12]LITTLE J A.Downdrag on piles:review and recent experimentation[C]//Proceedings of Settlement94:Vertical and Horizontal Deformations of Foundations and Embankment,ASCE.NewYork:[s.n.],1994:1805-1826.
[13]ERGUN MU,SONMEZ D.Negative skinfrictionfromsurface settlement measurements in model group tests[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,1995,32(6):1075-1079.
[14]LEE C J,CHEN H T,WANG W H.Negative skin friction on a pile due to excessive ground water withdrawal[C]//International Conference Centrifuge98.Tokyo:[s.n.],1998:513-518.
[15]孔纲强,杨庆,郑鹏一,等.考虑时间效应的斜桩基负摩阻力室内模型试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2009,31(4):617-621.(KONG Gang-qiang,YANG Qing,ZHENG Peng-yi,et al.Model tests on negative skin friction for inclined pile considering time effect[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2009,31(4):617-621.(in Chinese))
[16]康立楷.降水引致单桩基础行为之有限元素分析[D].台北:国立中央大学,2000.
[17]LEE CJ,LEEJ H,JEONGS.The influence of soil slip on negative skin friction in pile groups connected to a cap[J].Geotechnique,2006,56(1):53-56.
[18]COMODROMOS E M,BAREKA S V.Evaluation of negative skin friction effects in pile foundations using3D nonlinear analysis[J].Computers and Geotechnics,2005,32(3):210-221.
[19]HOQUE MA.Coupled consolidation model for negative skinfriction on plies in claylayers[D].California:Concordia University,2006.
[20]赵明华,刘思思.多层地基单桩负摩阻力的数值模拟计算[J].岩土工程学报,2008,30(3):336-340.(ZHAO Ming-hua,LIUSi-si.Numerical simulation of negative skin friction on single pile in multiple layer deposits[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2008,30(3):336-340.(in Chinese))
[21]KONG Gang-qiang,YANG Qing,LUAN Mao-tian.Study of loading rate effects on characteristics of negative skin friction for pile groups[J].Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2008,13:1-12.
[22]屠毓敏,俞洪良.负摩擦桩非线性分析[J].中国公路学报,2001,14(1):31-34.(TUYu-min,YUHong-liang.Nonlinear analysis of negative pile[J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,2001,14(1):31-34.(in Chinese))
[23]赵明华,贺炜,曹文贵.基桩负摩阻力计算方法初探[J].岩土力学,2004,25(9):1442-1446.(ZHAO Ming-hua,HE Wei,CAO Wen-gui.Study on calculation of negative skinfriction resistance on piles[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2004,25(9):1442-1446.(in Chinese))
[24]陈仁朋,周万欢,曹卫平,等.改进的桩土界面荷载传递双曲线模型及其在单桩负摩阻力时间效应研究中的应用[J].岩土工程学报,2007,29(6):824-830.(CHEN Ren-peng,ZHOU Wang-hua,CAO Wei-ping,et al.Improved hyperbolic model of load-transfer for pile-soil interface andits applicationinstudy of negative friction of single piles consideringtime effect[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2007,29(6):824-830.(in Chinese))
[25]高绍武,王建华,毛娜.层状地基中单桩负摩擦问题积分方程解法[J].岩土力学,2005,26(9):1456-1460.(GAO Shao-wu,WANGJian-hua,MAO Na.Integral equation method to analyze negative skin friction on single pile in layered deposits[J].Chinese Journal of Rock and Soil Mechanics,2005,26(9):1456-1460.(in Chinese))
[26]POULOS HG.Apractical design approachfor piles with negative friction[J].Geotechnical Engineering,2008,161(1):19-27.
[27]袁灯平,黄宏伟,马金荣.软土地基桩侧表面负摩阻力解析模型[J].上海交通大学学报,2005,39(5):731-735.(YUAN Deng-ping,HUANG Hong-wei,MAJin-rong.An analytical model of negative skinfriction of piles in soft soil[J].Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University,2005,39(5):731-735.(in Chinese))
[28]赵明华,雷勇,刘晓明.基于剪切位移法的基桩负摩阻力计算[J].湖南大学学报:自然科学版,2008,35(7):1-6.(ZHAO Ming-hua,LEI Yong,LIU Xiao-ming.Settlement calculation of single piles negative skin friction with shear displacement method[J].Journal of Hunan University:Natural Sciences,2008,35(7):1-6.(in Chinese))
[29]LEE C Y.Pile group settlement analysis by hybridlayer approach[J].Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1993,119(6):984-997.
[30]SHEN WY,TEHCI.Avariational solution for downdrag force analysis of pile groups[J].The International Journal of Geomechanics,2002,2(1):75-91.
[31]孔纲强,杨庆.一种扩底预应力锥形管桩及其施工方法:中国,200810011854.4[P].2008-06-16.
[2]袁灯平,黄宏伟,程泽坤.软土地桩基侧负摩阻力研究进展初探[J].土木工程学报,2006,39(2):53-60.(YUAN Deng-ping,HUANG Hong-wei,CHENGZe-kun.Research progress of negative skinfriction on piles in soft soil[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2006,39(2):53-60.(in Chinese))
[3]FELLENIUS B H.Downdrag on piles in clay due to negative skinfriction[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,1972,9(4):323-337.
[4]WALKERL K,DARVALLP,LEP.Drag down on coated and uncoated piles[C]//Proceedings of the8thInternational Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering.NewYork:Springer,1973:257-262.
[5]李大展,滕延京,何颐华,等.湿陷性黄土中大直径扩底桩垂直承载性状的试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,1994,16(2):11-21.(LI Da-zhan,TENG Yan-jing,HE Yi-hua,et al.Vertical bearing behavior of large diameter belled pile in collapsible loess[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1994,16(2):11-21.(in Chinese))
[6]马时冬.桩身负摩阻力的现场测试与研究[J].岩土力学,1997,18(1):8-15.(MA Shi-dong.Study the field measurement of negative friction of piles[J].Chinese Journal of Rock and Soil Mechanics,1997,18(1):8-15.(in Chinese))
[7]律文田,冷伍明,王永和.软土地区桥台桩基负摩阻力试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2005,27(6):45-55.(LV Wen-tian,LENG Wu-ming,WANG Yong-he.In-situtests on negative friction resistance of abutment piles in soft soil[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2005,27(6):45-55.(in Chinese))
[8]黄雪峰,陈正汉,哈双,等.大厚度自重湿陷性黄土中灌注桩承载性状与负摩阻力的试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2007,29(3):338-346.(HUANG Xue-feng,CHEN Zheng-han,HAShuang,et al.Research on beating behaviors and negative friction force for filling piles inthe site of collapsible loess with bigthickness[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2007,29(3):338-346.(in Chinese))
[9]王兰民,孙军杰,黄雪峰,等.黄土场地震陷时桩基负摩阻力的现场试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2008,30(3):341-348.(WANGLan-min,SUNJun-jie,HUANG Xue-feng,et al.Fieldtests on negative skinfriction along piles caused by seismic settlement of loess[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2008,30(8):341-348.(in Chinese))
[10]夏力农,杨秀竹.桩顶荷载影响负摩阻力的现场试验与数值模拟[J].铁道科学与工程学报,2008,5(5):46-49.(XIA Li-nong,YANG Xiu-zhu.Field tests and numerical simulation of working load influences on negative skin friction behaviors of piles[J].Journal of Railway Science and Engineering,2008,5(5):46-49.(in Chinese))
[11]JEONGS.Nonlinear three dimensional analysis of downdrag on pile groups[D].Texas:Texas A&MUniversity,1992.
[12]LITTLE J A.Downdrag on piles:review and recent experimentation[C]//Proceedings of Settlement94:Vertical and Horizontal Deformations of Foundations and Embankment,ASCE.NewYork:[s.n.],1994:1805-1826.
[13]ERGUN MU,SONMEZ D.Negative skinfrictionfromsurface settlement measurements in model group tests[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,1995,32(6):1075-1079.
[14]LEE C J,CHEN H T,WANG W H.Negative skin friction on a pile due to excessive ground water withdrawal[C]//International Conference Centrifuge98.Tokyo:[s.n.],1998:513-518.
[15]孔纲强,杨庆,郑鹏一,等.考虑时间效应的斜桩基负摩阻力室内模型试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2009,31(4):617-621.(KONG Gang-qiang,YANG Qing,ZHENG Peng-yi,et al.Model tests on negative skin friction for inclined pile considering time effect[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2009,31(4):617-621.(in Chinese))
[16]康立楷.降水引致单桩基础行为之有限元素分析[D].台北:国立中央大学,2000.
[17]LEE CJ,LEEJ H,JEONGS.The influence of soil slip on negative skin friction in pile groups connected to a cap[J].Geotechnique,2006,56(1):53-56.
[18]COMODROMOS E M,BAREKA S V.Evaluation of negative skin friction effects in pile foundations using3D nonlinear analysis[J].Computers and Geotechnics,2005,32(3):210-221.
[19]HOQUE MA.Coupled consolidation model for negative skinfriction on plies in claylayers[D].California:Concordia University,2006.
[20]赵明华,刘思思.多层地基单桩负摩阻力的数值模拟计算[J].岩土工程学报,2008,30(3):336-340.(ZHAO Ming-hua,LIUSi-si.Numerical simulation of negative skin friction on single pile in multiple layer deposits[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2008,30(3):336-340.(in Chinese))
[21]KONG Gang-qiang,YANG Qing,LUAN Mao-tian.Study of loading rate effects on characteristics of negative skin friction for pile groups[J].Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2008,13:1-12.
[22]屠毓敏,俞洪良.负摩擦桩非线性分析[J].中国公路学报,2001,14(1):31-34.(TUYu-min,YUHong-liang.Nonlinear analysis of negative pile[J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,2001,14(1):31-34.(in Chinese))
[23]赵明华,贺炜,曹文贵.基桩负摩阻力计算方法初探[J].岩土力学,2004,25(9):1442-1446.(ZHAO Ming-hua,HE Wei,CAO Wen-gui.Study on calculation of negative skinfriction resistance on piles[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2004,25(9):1442-1446.(in Chinese))
[24]陈仁朋,周万欢,曹卫平,等.改进的桩土界面荷载传递双曲线模型及其在单桩负摩阻力时间效应研究中的应用[J].岩土工程学报,2007,29(6):824-830.(CHEN Ren-peng,ZHOU Wang-hua,CAO Wei-ping,et al.Improved hyperbolic model of load-transfer for pile-soil interface andits applicationinstudy of negative friction of single piles consideringtime effect[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2007,29(6):824-830.(in Chinese))
[25]高绍武,王建华,毛娜.层状地基中单桩负摩擦问题积分方程解法[J].岩土力学,2005,26(9):1456-1460.(GAO Shao-wu,WANGJian-hua,MAO Na.Integral equation method to analyze negative skin friction on single pile in layered deposits[J].Chinese Journal of Rock and Soil Mechanics,2005,26(9):1456-1460.(in Chinese))
[26]POULOS HG.Apractical design approachfor piles with negative friction[J].Geotechnical Engineering,2008,161(1):19-27.
[27]袁灯平,黄宏伟,马金荣.软土地基桩侧表面负摩阻力解析模型[J].上海交通大学学报,2005,39(5):731-735.(YUAN Deng-ping,HUANG Hong-wei,MAJin-rong.An analytical model of negative skinfriction of piles in soft soil[J].Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University,2005,39(5):731-735.(in Chinese))
[28]赵明华,雷勇,刘晓明.基于剪切位移法的基桩负摩阻力计算[J].湖南大学学报:自然科学版,2008,35(7):1-6.(ZHAO Ming-hua,LEI Yong,LIU Xiao-ming.Settlement calculation of single piles negative skin friction with shear displacement method[J].Journal of Hunan University:Natural Sciences,2008,35(7):1-6.(in Chinese))
[29]LEE C Y.Pile group settlement analysis by hybridlayer approach[J].Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1993,119(6):984-997.
[30]SHEN WY,TEHCI.Avariational solution for downdrag force analysis of pile groups[J].The International Journal of Geomechanics,2002,2(1):75-91.
[31]孔纲强,杨庆.一种扩底预应力锥形管桩及其施工方法:中国,200810011854.4[P].2008-06-16.
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