均质土坝漫顶溃坝模型相似准则研究
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摘要
由于土石坝溃坝过程具有强非线性,溃坝机理非常复杂,土石坝溃坝模型试验相似理论研究有较大的难度。基于近年来南京水利科学研究院开展的5次国内外最高黏性土均质坝漫顶溃坝实体试验及20多组室内漫顶溃坝试验,"陡坎"式侵蚀被认为是土石坝漫顶溃坝的重要机理之一。从这一机理出发,该文推导获得了均质土坝漫顶溃坝过程模型试验的两个重要相似准则:"陡坎"移动速度相似比尺λR及溃口流量过程时间比尺λt。两次现场大尺度溃坝试验数据验证表明,该文获得的溃坝模型相似率能够较好的反演均质土坝漫顶溃坝过程,有较好的参考价值。
Since the process of dam breach is a strongly nonlinear and very complex,one has difficulty to decide similarity criteria of dam breach in practical engineerings. According to five prototype tests of homogeneous embankment failure in the world and twenty laboratory tests completed by Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute,the mechanism of homogeneous embankment failure due to overtopping flow was obtained ,and it was call as "head-cut". Based on this mechanism and results from above tests,head-cut migration rate similarity scale λ Rand the time of flow process similarity scale λt of homogeneous embankment failure due to overtopping flow were derived. Based on the similarity criteria,several experiments were conducted in the two field tests. The results verified the similarity criteria is available,and it could be used to simulate the dam breach process for homogeneous embankment failure due to overtopping flow.
Since the process of dam breach is a strongly nonlinear and very complex,one has difficulty to decide similarity criteria of dam breach in practical engineerings. According to five prototype tests of homogeneous embankment failure in the world and twenty laboratory tests completed by Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute,the mechanism of homogeneous embankment failure due to overtopping flow was obtained ,and it was call as "head-cut". Based on this mechanism and results from above tests,head-cut migration rate similarity scale λ Rand the time of flow process similarity scale λt of homogeneous embankment failure due to overtopping flow were derived. Based on the similarity criteria,several experiments were conducted in the two field tests. The results verified the similarity criteria is available,and it could be used to simulate the dam breach process for homogeneous embankment failure due to overtopping flow.
引文
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[8]DUPONT E,Dewals,B J.Experimental and numerical study of the breaching of an embankment dam[C].Proc.32nd Congress of IAHR Venice,IAHR,Madrid,2007.1(178):1-10.
[9]杨武承.引冲式自溃坝下切率规律的试验研究[J].水利水电技术,1985(3):1-6.YANG Wu-chen.Model experiment of erosion rate of fuse-plug dam[J].Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,1985(3):1-6.
[10]贾翠兰.杏林水库自溃坝的模型设计和观测仪器[J].山东水利科技,1996,(3):28-29.JIA Cui-lan.Model design and instrument introduction on fuse-plug in Xinlin Reservoir[J].1996(3):28-29.
[11]胡去劣,俞波.沟后面板坝溃决过程研究[R].南京水利科学研究院,南京,1996.HU Qu-lie,YU Bo.Study of breach formation on face slab dam[R].Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute,Nanjing,1996.
[12]ZHANG Jian-yun,LI Yun,XUAN Guo-xiang.et al.Overtopping breaching of cohesive homogeneous earth dam with different cohesive strength[J].Science in China,Series E,2009,52(10):3024-3029.
[13]SINGH V.Dam breach modeling technology[M].Dordrecht:Kluwer Academic Publishers,1996.
[14]VISSER P J.Breach growth in sand-dikes[D].Ph.D Thesis,Delft University of Technology,Netherlands,1998.
[15]ZHU Yong-hui.Breach Growth in Clay-Dikes[D].Ph.D Thesis,Delft University of Technology,Netherlands,2006.
[16]LI Jun,LI Yun,XAUN Guo-xiang,et al.Model design and preliminary study on dam breach due to overtopping[C].International Conference on Dam Safety Management,Nanjing,University Press,Nanjing,2008.209-214.
[2]朱勇辉,廖鸿志,吴中如.国外土坝溃坝模拟综述[J].长江科学院院报,2003,(2):26-29.ZHU Yong-hui,LIAO Hong-zhi,WU Zhong-ru.Review on oversea earth dam break modeling[J].Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,2003(2):26-29.
[3]张大伟,王兴奎,李丹勋.建筑物影响下的堤坝溃决水流数值模拟方法[J].水动力学研究与进展,A辑,2008,23(1):48-54.ZHANG Da-wei,WANG Xin-kui,LI Dan-xun,Numerical modeling of dam-break flow under the influence of buildings[J].Chinese Journal of Hydrodynamics,2008,23(1):48-54.
[4]王鑫,曹志先,岳志远.强不规则地形上浅水二维流动的数值计算研究[J].水动力学研究与进展,A辑,2009,24(1):56-62.WANG Xin,CAO Zhi-xian,YUE Zhi-yuan.Numerical modeling of shallow flows over irregular topography[J].Chinese Journal of Hydrodynamics,2009,24(1):56-62.
[5]符传君,练继建.溃坝水流在复杂河道中传播的三维数值模拟[J].水利学报,2007,38(10):1151-1157.FU Chuan-jun,LIAN Ji-jian.Three-dimensional numerical simulation of dam-break flow in complicated river sections[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2007,38(10):1151-1157.
[6]王光谦,钟德钰,张红武,等.汶川地震唐家山堰塞湖泄流过程的数值模拟[J].科学通报,2008,52(24):3127-3133.WANG Guang-qian,ZHONG De-yu,ZHANG Hong-wu,et al.Simulation of flow process of the Tangjiashan Quake Lake at Wenchuan in China[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2008,52(24):3127-3133.
[7]COLEMAN S E,ANDREWS D P,WEBBY M G.Overtopping breaching of non-cohesive homogeneous embankments[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2002,128(9):829-838.
[8]DUPONT E,Dewals,B J.Experimental and numerical study of the breaching of an embankment dam[C].Proc.32nd Congress of IAHR Venice,IAHR,Madrid,2007.1(178):1-10.
[9]杨武承.引冲式自溃坝下切率规律的试验研究[J].水利水电技术,1985(3):1-6.YANG Wu-chen.Model experiment of erosion rate of fuse-plug dam[J].Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,1985(3):1-6.
[10]贾翠兰.杏林水库自溃坝的模型设计和观测仪器[J].山东水利科技,1996,(3):28-29.JIA Cui-lan.Model design and instrument introduction on fuse-plug in Xinlin Reservoir[J].1996(3):28-29.
[11]胡去劣,俞波.沟后面板坝溃决过程研究[R].南京水利科学研究院,南京,1996.HU Qu-lie,YU Bo.Study of breach formation on face slab dam[R].Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute,Nanjing,1996.
[12]ZHANG Jian-yun,LI Yun,XUAN Guo-xiang.et al.Overtopping breaching of cohesive homogeneous earth dam with different cohesive strength[J].Science in China,Series E,2009,52(10):3024-3029.
[13]SINGH V.Dam breach modeling technology[M].Dordrecht:Kluwer Academic Publishers,1996.
[14]VISSER P J.Breach growth in sand-dikes[D].Ph.D Thesis,Delft University of Technology,Netherlands,1998.
[15]ZHU Yong-hui.Breach Growth in Clay-Dikes[D].Ph.D Thesis,Delft University of Technology,Netherlands,2006.
[16]LI Jun,LI Yun,XAUN Guo-xiang,et al.Model design and preliminary study on dam breach due to overtopping[C].International Conference on Dam Safety Management,Nanjing,University Press,Nanjing,2008.209-214.
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