黄河内蒙古不同河型段对洪水过程的响应特征
|
摘要
黄河内蒙古河段的河道淤积近年来有所加重,一些人寄望于人造洪峰冲沙来降低河床。本文根据典型年份的最大洪水的流量—水位过程线变化特征,揭示黄河内蒙古不同河型段对这些洪水的响应机制,得出黄河内蒙古河段洪水的流量—水位过程线类型有线形、顺时针环线、逆时针环线3类单一关系和线形+逆时针环线、逆时针环线+线形、"8"字形+线形、嵌套状逆时针环线以及交叉线形5类复合关系。这些关系总体上可以反映洪水过程中河床是侵蚀还是沉积、何时侵蚀何时沉积、以及冲淤是否具有反复性。黄河内蒙古冲积性河段的河道对同一次洪水过程的响应沿程表现出分化现象,其中辫状河段以河床侵蚀下降为特征,弯曲河段以河床明显沉积升高为特征,而顺直河段以少量沉积或冲淤平衡为特征。不同河型段的河道对洪水的响应趋势与洪水动能的沿程减小相适应,洪峰含沙量沿程减小是该趋势的具体体现。人造洪峰冲沙难以逆转上述淤积趋势,对防治洪灾帮助有限。
The sedimentation on channel bed in the Neimenggu(Inner Mongolia) reach of the upper Yellow River has been relative severe since the last two decades.Some of researchers expect that artificial flood can erode the channel bed and lower the channel bed.In this work,the discharge-water level hydrographs of the maximal floods that occurred in the typical years have been revealed,and the shapes of the hydrographs include single line,clockwise loop,anticlockwise loop,and complex line plus anticlockwise loop,anticlockwise loop plus line,"8"-shape plus line,nested anticlockwise loop and cross lines.These relations can reflect whether the channel bed is eroded or deposited,when eroded or deposited,and whether the erosion and deposition are iterative.The responses of the Neimenggu channel of the upper Yellow River are different from those at the downstreams.The downward erosion and the depressed channel bed have a braiding channel pattern,the evident upward aggradation has a meandering pattern,and the slight upward aggradation or the balanced erosion-deposition has a straight pattern.This trend is adaptive to the stream power decrease downstreams.The decrease of concentration of suspended sediment downstream is the evidence.Artificial flood can not change the sedimentation trend on the meandering channel bed and can not help people to inhabit in the Hetao plain to avoid the flood hazard.
The sedimentation on channel bed in the Neimenggu(Inner Mongolia) reach of the upper Yellow River has been relative severe since the last two decades.Some of researchers expect that artificial flood can erode the channel bed and lower the channel bed.In this work,the discharge-water level hydrographs of the maximal floods that occurred in the typical years have been revealed,and the shapes of the hydrographs include single line,clockwise loop,anticlockwise loop,and complex line plus anticlockwise loop,anticlockwise loop plus line,"8"-shape plus line,nested anticlockwise loop and cross lines.These relations can reflect whether the channel bed is eroded or deposited,when eroded or deposited,and whether the erosion and deposition are iterative.The responses of the Neimenggu channel of the upper Yellow River are different from those at the downstreams.The downward erosion and the depressed channel bed have a braiding channel pattern,the evident upward aggradation has a meandering pattern,and the slight upward aggradation or the balanced erosion-deposition has a straight pattern.This trend is adaptive to the stream power decrease downstreams.The decrease of concentration of suspended sediment downstream is the evidence.Artificial flood can not change the sedimentation trend on the meandering channel bed and can not help people to inhabit in the Hetao plain to avoid the flood hazard.
引文
[1]姚惠明,秦福兴,沈国昌,等.黄河宁蒙河段凌情特性研究.水科学进展,2007,18(6):893-899.
[2]杨赉斐.黄河宁蒙河段凌汛洪水流量分析研究.泥沙研究,1992(6):62-68.
[3]佟铮,马万珍,王宁.黄河内蒙古河段凌汛期爆炸破冰的基本方法.人民黄河,2003,25(12):8-9.
[4]冯国华.黄河内蒙古段防凌防洪工程现状及治理措施.内蒙古水利,2002(1):15-16.
[5]杨根生,拓万全,戴丰年,等.风沙对黄河内蒙古河段河道泥沙淤积的影响.中国沙漠,2003,23(2):152-159.
[6]侯素珍,常温花,王平,等.黄河内蒙古段河道萎缩特征及成因.人民黄河,2007,29(1):24-26.
[7]李栋梁,张佳丽.黄河上游径流量演变特征及成因研究.水科学进展,1998,9(1):22-28.
[8]申冠卿,张源锋,侯素珍,等.黄河上游干流水库调节水沙对宁蒙河道的影响.泥沙研究,2007(1):67-75.
[9]王彦成,冯学武,王伦平,等.黄河上游干流水库对内蒙古河段的影响.人民黄河,1996,18(1):5-10.
[10]冉立山,王随继,范小黎,等.黄河内蒙古头道拐断面形态变化及其水沙响应分析.地理学报,2009,64(5):531-540.
[11]冉立山,王随继.黄河内蒙古河段河道演变及水力几何形态研究.泥沙研究,2010(印刷中).
[12]王随继,范小黎,赵晓坤.黄河上游宁蒙河段悬沙冲淤量时空变化及其影响因素.地理研究(审稿中).
[13]Wang Houjie,Yang Zuosheng,Yoshiki Saito,et al.Step-wise decreases of the Huanghe(Yellow River)sedimentload(1950-2005):Impacts of climate change and humanactivities.Global and Planetary Change,2007,57(3-4):331-354.
[14]Pereira L S,Goncalves J M,Dong B,et al.Assessing basinirrigation and scheduling strategies for saving irrigationwater and controlling salinity in the upper Yellow River Basin,China.Agricultural Water Management,2007,93(3):109-122.
[15]Zahar Y,Ghorbel A,Albergel J,Impacts of large dams ondownstream flow conditions of rivers:Aggradation and re-duction of the Medjerda channel capacity downstream of the Sidi Salem dam(Tunisia).Journal of Hydrology,2008,351(3-4):318-330.
[16]Ta Wanquan,Xiao Honglang,Dong Zhibao.Long-termmorphodynamic changes of a desert reach of the Yellow River following upstream large reservoirs'operation.Geo-morphology,2008,97:249-259.
[17]国家地震局鄂尔多斯活动断裂课题组.鄂尔多斯周缘活动断裂系.北京:地质出版社,1988.
[18]戴英生.黄河的形成与发育.人民黄河,1986(6):2-7.
[19]侯素珍,王平,常温花,等.黄河内蒙古河段冲淤量评估.人民黄河,2007,29(1):21-23.
[20]赵文林.黄河泥沙.郑州:黄河水利出版社,1996.
[21]王随继.黄河流域河型转化现象初探.地理科学进展,2008,27(2):10-17.
[2]杨赉斐.黄河宁蒙河段凌汛洪水流量分析研究.泥沙研究,1992(6):62-68.
[3]佟铮,马万珍,王宁.黄河内蒙古河段凌汛期爆炸破冰的基本方法.人民黄河,2003,25(12):8-9.
[4]冯国华.黄河内蒙古段防凌防洪工程现状及治理措施.内蒙古水利,2002(1):15-16.
[5]杨根生,拓万全,戴丰年,等.风沙对黄河内蒙古河段河道泥沙淤积的影响.中国沙漠,2003,23(2):152-159.
[6]侯素珍,常温花,王平,等.黄河内蒙古段河道萎缩特征及成因.人民黄河,2007,29(1):24-26.
[7]李栋梁,张佳丽.黄河上游径流量演变特征及成因研究.水科学进展,1998,9(1):22-28.
[8]申冠卿,张源锋,侯素珍,等.黄河上游干流水库调节水沙对宁蒙河道的影响.泥沙研究,2007(1):67-75.
[9]王彦成,冯学武,王伦平,等.黄河上游干流水库对内蒙古河段的影响.人民黄河,1996,18(1):5-10.
[10]冉立山,王随继,范小黎,等.黄河内蒙古头道拐断面形态变化及其水沙响应分析.地理学报,2009,64(5):531-540.
[11]冉立山,王随继.黄河内蒙古河段河道演变及水力几何形态研究.泥沙研究,2010(印刷中).
[12]王随继,范小黎,赵晓坤.黄河上游宁蒙河段悬沙冲淤量时空变化及其影响因素.地理研究(审稿中).
[13]Wang Houjie,Yang Zuosheng,Yoshiki Saito,et al.Step-wise decreases of the Huanghe(Yellow River)sedimentload(1950-2005):Impacts of climate change and humanactivities.Global and Planetary Change,2007,57(3-4):331-354.
[14]Pereira L S,Goncalves J M,Dong B,et al.Assessing basinirrigation and scheduling strategies for saving irrigationwater and controlling salinity in the upper Yellow River Basin,China.Agricultural Water Management,2007,93(3):109-122.
[15]Zahar Y,Ghorbel A,Albergel J,Impacts of large dams ondownstream flow conditions of rivers:Aggradation and re-duction of the Medjerda channel capacity downstream of the Sidi Salem dam(Tunisia).Journal of Hydrology,2008,351(3-4):318-330.
[16]Ta Wanquan,Xiao Honglang,Dong Zhibao.Long-termmorphodynamic changes of a desert reach of the Yellow River following upstream large reservoirs'operation.Geo-morphology,2008,97:249-259.
[17]国家地震局鄂尔多斯活动断裂课题组.鄂尔多斯周缘活动断裂系.北京:地质出版社,1988.
[18]戴英生.黄河的形成与发育.人民黄河,1986(6):2-7.
[19]侯素珍,王平,常温花,等.黄河内蒙古河段冲淤量评估.人民黄河,2007,29(1):21-23.
[20]赵文林.黄河泥沙.郑州:黄河水利出版社,1996.
[21]王随继.黄河流域河型转化现象初探.地理科学进展,2008,27(2):10-17.
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心