电阻率层析成像法监测系统在矿井突水模型试验中的应用
|
摘要
为实现矿井突水过程中岩层断裂和渗流通道形成过程的实时监测和前兆信息捕捉,将三维电阻率层析成像法作为一种实时成像监测手段尝试引入到矿井突水模型试验的监测工作中。采用具有自动采集功能的电阻率层析成像监测系统,实现介质电阻率变化数据的实时动态监测。提出优化反演效率的计算方法,利用Cholesky分解法求解电阻率层析成像正演中的大型线性方程组,利用预条件共轭梯度法求解反演方程,由此建立三维电阻率层析成像实时反演方法,实现原始数据的快速反演和动态图像的实时输出。提出以电阻率层析成像法为主,结合原始视电阻率数据分析和关键点数据时程曲线分析的多参数监测分析方法。在试验过程中,利用层析成像法得到防突层裂隙产生、扩展直至贯通的实时动态图像,得到主要裂隙和渗流通道的产生位置、形成过程等信息,与实际情况基本一致。综合3种方法的分析结果,得出防突层发生突水断裂的诱因,并确定捉到确切前兆信息的最早时,该时刻比突水发生时刻提前998s。模型试验证明,电阻率层析成像系统有效地反映岩层断裂及渗流通道的形成过程,成功地捕捉到一系列前兆信息,为突水灾害的及时预警预报提供重要参考。
For real-time monitoring of rock fracture and seepage channel formation and capturing of precursory information in process of mine water inrush,3D electrical resistivity tomography(ERT) is applied to real-time monitoring work in mine water inrush model test. ERT monitoring system with automatic-acquisition function is used to implement real-time and dynamic monitoring work for resistivity variation. An optimization scheme for ERT inversion is proposed,in which Cholesky decomposition algorithm is used to solve large linear system in ERT forward modeling and preconditioning conjugate gradient(PCG) algorithm is used for inversion equation. Thus 3D ERT real-time inversion method is set up;to realized quick inversion of originally observed data and real-time output of dynamic images. In addition,a multi-parameter monitoring and analysis method is proposed,in which ERT is considered as a main means combined with analysis of originally apparent resistivity data and time-history curves for key points data. In the test process,dynamic images of crack generation,propagation and transfixion in aquifuge are obtained by ERT. The position and formation process of the major crack and seepage channel are also obtained,which are consistent with actual situation in the test. By comprehensive analysis of the results obtained with multi-parameter monitoring and analysis method,inducement of the fracture and inrush in aquifuge are gained. And the earliest time for capturing precursory information is obtained,which is 998 s ahead of inrush. The model test shows that the formation process of the crack and seepage channel is effectively reflected;and a series of precursory information is captured successfully by using ERT;and this system can give important reference to in-time early warming and prediction of inrush disaster.
For real-time monitoring of rock fracture and seepage channel formation and capturing of precursory information in process of mine water inrush,3D electrical resistivity tomography(ERT) is applied to real-time monitoring work in mine water inrush model test. ERT monitoring system with automatic-acquisition function is used to implement real-time and dynamic monitoring work for resistivity variation. An optimization scheme for ERT inversion is proposed,in which Cholesky decomposition algorithm is used to solve large linear system in ERT forward modeling and preconditioning conjugate gradient(PCG) algorithm is used for inversion equation. Thus 3D ERT real-time inversion method is set up;to realized quick inversion of originally observed data and real-time output of dynamic images. In addition,a multi-parameter monitoring and analysis method is proposed,in which ERT is considered as a main means combined with analysis of originally apparent resistivity data and time-history curves for key points data. In the test process,dynamic images of crack generation,propagation and transfixion in aquifuge are obtained by ERT. The position and formation process of the major crack and seepage channel are also obtained,which are consistent with actual situation in the test. By comprehensive analysis of the results obtained with multi-parameter monitoring and analysis method,inducement of the fracture and inrush in aquifuge are gained. And the earliest time for capturing precursory information is obtained,which is 998 s ahead of inrush. The model test shows that the formation process of the crack and seepage channel is effectively reflected;and a series of precursory information is captured successfully by using ERT;and this system can give important reference to in-time early warming and prediction of inrush disaster.
引文
[1]缪协兴,浦海,白海波.隔水关键层原理及其在保水采煤中的应用研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2008,37(1):1–4.(MIAO Xiexing,PU Hai,BAI Haibo.Principle of water-resisting key strata and its application to water-preserved mining[J].Journal of China University of Mining and Technology,2008,37(1):1–4.(in Chinese))
[2]缪协兴,陈荣华,白海波.保水开采隔水关键层的基本概念及力学分析[J].煤炭学报,2007,32(6):561–564.(MIAO Xiexing,CHEN Ronghua,BAI Haibo.Fundamental concepts and mechanical analysis of water-resisting key strata in water-preserved mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2007,32(6):561–564.(in Chinese))
[3]王梦恕.对岩溶地区隧道施工水文地质超前预报的意见[J].铁道勘查,2004,30(1):7–9.(WANG Mengshu.Hydrologic and geological forecast of tunnel construction in the karst district[J].Railroad Survey,2004,30(1):7–9.(in Chinese))
[4]杨天鸿,唐春安,谭志宏,等.岩体破坏突水模型研究现状及突水预测预报研究发展趋势[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(2):268–277.(YANG Tianhong,TANG Chun′an,TAN Zhihong,et al.State of the art of inrush models in rock mass failure and developing trend for prediction and forecast of groundwater inrush[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(2):268–277.(in Chinese))
[5]姜福兴,叶根喜,王存文,等.高精度微震监测技术在煤矿突水监测中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(9):1932–1938.(JIANG Fuxing,YE Genxi,WANG Cunwen,et al.Application of high-precision microseimic monitoring technique to water inrush monitoring in coal mine[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(9):1932–1938.(in Chinese))
[6]施龙青,韩进.底板突水机制及预测预报[M].北京:中国矿业大学出版社,2004.(SHI Longqing,HAN Jin.Floor water-inrush mechanism and prediction[M].Beijing:China University of Mining and Technology Press,2004.(in Chinese))
[7]王新华,祁贵仲,赵玉林.断层失稳前的扩展及电阻率前兆[J].中国科学(B辑),1984,14(11):1026–1038.(WANG Xinhua,QI Guizhong,ZHAO Yulin.The extension and reisistivity precursory before fault instability[J].Science in China(Series B),1984,14(11):1026–1038.(in Chinese))
[8]杜学彬,马占虎,叶青,等.强地震附近电阻率对称四极观测的探测深度[J].地球物理学报,2008,1(6):1943–1949.(DU Xuebin,MA Zhanhu,YE Qing,et al.The detection depth of symmetric four-electrode resistivity observation in/near the epicentral region of strong earthquakes[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2008,1(6):1943–1949.(in Chinese))
[9]葛宝堂,李德春.岩体电阻率观测技术预报顶板失稳的前景[J].中国矿业大学学报,1993,22(2):48–52.(GE Baotang,LI Dechun.The prospects for technique of detection rock resistivity applied prediction of roof failed in stability[J].Journal of China University of Mining and Technology,1993,22(2):48–52.(in Chinese))
[10]WHITE P A.Electrode arrays for measuring groundwater flow direction and velocity[J].Geophysics,1994,59(2):192–201.
[11]ARISTODEMOU E,THOMAS-BETTS A.DC resistivity and induced polarization investigations at a waste disposal site and its environments[J].Journal of Applied Geophysics,2000,44(2/3):275–302
[12]郭秀军,贾永刚,黄潇雨,等.利用高密度电阻率法确定滑坡面研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(10):1662–1669.(GUO Xiujun,JIA Yonggang,HUANG Xiaoyu,et al.Application of muti-electrodes electrical method to detection of slide-face position[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(10):1662–1669.(in Chinese))
[13]郝锦绮,冯锐,周建国,等.岩石破裂过程中电阻率变化机制的探讨[J].地球物理学报,2002,45(3):426–434.(HAO Jinqi,FENG Rui,ZHOU Jianguo,et al.Study of the mechanism of resistivity changes during rock cracking[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2002,45(3):426–435.(in Chinese))
[14]张平松,刘盛东,吴荣新,等.采煤面覆岩变形与破坏立体电法动态测试[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(9):1870–1875.(ZHANG Pingsong,LIU Shengdong,WU Rongxin,et al.Dynamic detection of overburden deformation and failure in mining workface by3D resistivity method[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(9):1870–1875.(in Chinese))
[15]刘树才,刘鑫明,姜志海,等.煤层底板导水裂隙演化规律的电法探测研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(2):348–356.(LIU Shucai,LIU Xinming,JIANG Zhihai,et al.Research on electrical prediction for evaluating water conducting fracture zones in coal seam floor[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(2):348–356.(in Chinese))
[16]王家映.地球物理反演理论[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2002.(WANG Jiaying.Inverse theory in geophysics[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2002.(in Chinese))
[17]姚姚.地球物理反演基本理论与应用方法[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,2002.(YAO Yao.Basic theory and applications method in geophysics inversion[M].Wuhan:China University of Geosciences Press,2002.(in Chinese))
[18]黄俊革.三维电阻率/极化率有限元正演模拟与反演成像[博士学位论文][D].长沙:中南大学,2003.(HUANG Junge.3D resistivity/IP modeling and inversion based on FEM[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Changsha:Central South University,2003.(in Chinese))
[19]吴小平,徐果明.利用共辘梯度法的电阻率三维反演研究[J].地球物理学报,2000,43(3):420–426.(WU Xiaoping,XU Guoming.Study of3D resistivity inversion using conjugate gradient method[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2000,43(3):420–426.(in Chinese))
[20]雷光耀.预处理技术与PCG算法[J].数学进展,1992,21(2):129–139.(LEI Guangyao.Preconditioned technique and PCG algorithm[J].Advances in Mathematics,1992,21(2):129–139.(in Chinese))
[21]李利平.高风险岩溶隧道突水灾变演化机制及其应用研究[博士学位论文][D].济南:山东大学,2009.(LI Liping.Study of catastrophe evolution mechanism of karst water inrush and its engineering application of high risk karst tunnel[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Jinan:Shandong University,2009.(in Chinese))
[2]缪协兴,陈荣华,白海波.保水开采隔水关键层的基本概念及力学分析[J].煤炭学报,2007,32(6):561–564.(MIAO Xiexing,CHEN Ronghua,BAI Haibo.Fundamental concepts and mechanical analysis of water-resisting key strata in water-preserved mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2007,32(6):561–564.(in Chinese))
[3]王梦恕.对岩溶地区隧道施工水文地质超前预报的意见[J].铁道勘查,2004,30(1):7–9.(WANG Mengshu.Hydrologic and geological forecast of tunnel construction in the karst district[J].Railroad Survey,2004,30(1):7–9.(in Chinese))
[4]杨天鸿,唐春安,谭志宏,等.岩体破坏突水模型研究现状及突水预测预报研究发展趋势[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(2):268–277.(YANG Tianhong,TANG Chun′an,TAN Zhihong,et al.State of the art of inrush models in rock mass failure and developing trend for prediction and forecast of groundwater inrush[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(2):268–277.(in Chinese))
[5]姜福兴,叶根喜,王存文,等.高精度微震监测技术在煤矿突水监测中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(9):1932–1938.(JIANG Fuxing,YE Genxi,WANG Cunwen,et al.Application of high-precision microseimic monitoring technique to water inrush monitoring in coal mine[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(9):1932–1938.(in Chinese))
[6]施龙青,韩进.底板突水机制及预测预报[M].北京:中国矿业大学出版社,2004.(SHI Longqing,HAN Jin.Floor water-inrush mechanism and prediction[M].Beijing:China University of Mining and Technology Press,2004.(in Chinese))
[7]王新华,祁贵仲,赵玉林.断层失稳前的扩展及电阻率前兆[J].中国科学(B辑),1984,14(11):1026–1038.(WANG Xinhua,QI Guizhong,ZHAO Yulin.The extension and reisistivity precursory before fault instability[J].Science in China(Series B),1984,14(11):1026–1038.(in Chinese))
[8]杜学彬,马占虎,叶青,等.强地震附近电阻率对称四极观测的探测深度[J].地球物理学报,2008,1(6):1943–1949.(DU Xuebin,MA Zhanhu,YE Qing,et al.The detection depth of symmetric four-electrode resistivity observation in/near the epicentral region of strong earthquakes[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2008,1(6):1943–1949.(in Chinese))
[9]葛宝堂,李德春.岩体电阻率观测技术预报顶板失稳的前景[J].中国矿业大学学报,1993,22(2):48–52.(GE Baotang,LI Dechun.The prospects for technique of detection rock resistivity applied prediction of roof failed in stability[J].Journal of China University of Mining and Technology,1993,22(2):48–52.(in Chinese))
[10]WHITE P A.Electrode arrays for measuring groundwater flow direction and velocity[J].Geophysics,1994,59(2):192–201.
[11]ARISTODEMOU E,THOMAS-BETTS A.DC resistivity and induced polarization investigations at a waste disposal site and its environments[J].Journal of Applied Geophysics,2000,44(2/3):275–302
[12]郭秀军,贾永刚,黄潇雨,等.利用高密度电阻率法确定滑坡面研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(10):1662–1669.(GUO Xiujun,JIA Yonggang,HUANG Xiaoyu,et al.Application of muti-electrodes electrical method to detection of slide-face position[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(10):1662–1669.(in Chinese))
[13]郝锦绮,冯锐,周建国,等.岩石破裂过程中电阻率变化机制的探讨[J].地球物理学报,2002,45(3):426–434.(HAO Jinqi,FENG Rui,ZHOU Jianguo,et al.Study of the mechanism of resistivity changes during rock cracking[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2002,45(3):426–435.(in Chinese))
[14]张平松,刘盛东,吴荣新,等.采煤面覆岩变形与破坏立体电法动态测试[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(9):1870–1875.(ZHANG Pingsong,LIU Shengdong,WU Rongxin,et al.Dynamic detection of overburden deformation and failure in mining workface by3D resistivity method[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(9):1870–1875.(in Chinese))
[15]刘树才,刘鑫明,姜志海,等.煤层底板导水裂隙演化规律的电法探测研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(2):348–356.(LIU Shucai,LIU Xinming,JIANG Zhihai,et al.Research on electrical prediction for evaluating water conducting fracture zones in coal seam floor[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(2):348–356.(in Chinese))
[16]王家映.地球物理反演理论[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2002.(WANG Jiaying.Inverse theory in geophysics[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2002.(in Chinese))
[17]姚姚.地球物理反演基本理论与应用方法[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,2002.(YAO Yao.Basic theory and applications method in geophysics inversion[M].Wuhan:China University of Geosciences Press,2002.(in Chinese))
[18]黄俊革.三维电阻率/极化率有限元正演模拟与反演成像[博士学位论文][D].长沙:中南大学,2003.(HUANG Junge.3D resistivity/IP modeling and inversion based on FEM[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Changsha:Central South University,2003.(in Chinese))
[19]吴小平,徐果明.利用共辘梯度法的电阻率三维反演研究[J].地球物理学报,2000,43(3):420–426.(WU Xiaoping,XU Guoming.Study of3D resistivity inversion using conjugate gradient method[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2000,43(3):420–426.(in Chinese))
[20]雷光耀.预处理技术与PCG算法[J].数学进展,1992,21(2):129–139.(LEI Guangyao.Preconditioned technique and PCG algorithm[J].Advances in Mathematics,1992,21(2):129–139.(in Chinese))
[21]李利平.高风险岩溶隧道突水灾变演化机制及其应用研究[博士学位论文][D].济南:山东大学,2009.(LI Liping.Study of catastrophe evolution mechanism of karst water inrush and its engineering application of high risk karst tunnel[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Jinan:Shandong University,2009.(in Chinese))
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心