埋入式光纤智能金属结构研究进展
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摘要
介绍了埋入式光纤智能金属结构研究遵循的步骤,即光纤传感器的金属化保护、保护后及埋入后传感器的特性、埋入宿主金属及埋入方法的研究。为减少保护过程中热应力对光纤传感性能的影响,主要采用常温下进行的化学镀结合电镀方法进行光纤金属化保护;而选择适当的涂层厚度、杨氏模量、热膨胀系数、泊松比可使热应力最小化;金属层对光纤传感器可起到明显的保护作用,并能增强其可焊性;金属化保护后及埋入后的光纤传感器均能保持良好的传感的特性。但目前所使用的光纤传感器大都集中在热稳定性较差的布拉格光纤光栅上,埋入的宿主金属及埋入方法都受到了限制,因此,突破瓶颈的关键在于找到适合于埋入恶劣环境的光纤传感器。
The main steps of studying embedded optical fiber smart metal structure are introduced,which are metal coating for protecting the optical fiber sensors,analysis of the physical characteristics of the sensors after being metalized and embedded,and the choices of embedded metal.An electroless-electroplating method is used to protect the optical fiber for less thermal stress,which can be minimized by proper coat thickness,Young's modulus,Poisson ratio and thermal expansion.Experiments show that the metal coats can protect the optical fiber and make the optical fiber weldable.The optical fiber sensors present good sensitivity characteristics after being metalized and embedded.However,the fiber Bragg gratings are used in most research,and their bad thermal stability makes only few methods and few host metals used in embedding the optical fiber sensors.It is believed that research of the better optical fiber sensors which can endure rugged environment when it is embedded in metal is the key problem for the study.
The main steps of studying embedded optical fiber smart metal structure are introduced,which are metal coating for protecting the optical fiber sensors,analysis of the physical characteristics of the sensors after being metalized and embedded,and the choices of embedded metal.An electroless-electroplating method is used to protect the optical fiber for less thermal stress,which can be minimized by proper coat thickness,Young's modulus,Poisson ratio and thermal expansion.Experiments show that the metal coats can protect the optical fiber and make the optical fiber weldable.The optical fiber sensors present good sensitivity characteristics after being metalized and embedded.However,the fiber Bragg gratings are used in most research,and their bad thermal stability makes only few methods and few host metals used in embedding the optical fiber sensors.It is believed that research of the better optical fiber sensors which can endure rugged environment when it is embedded in metal is the key problem for the study.
引文
1Tu Yaqing,Liu Xingchang.Intelligent Structurde Based on Optical Fibers[M].BeiJing:Advanced Education Press,2005.7涂亚庆,刘兴长.光纤智能金属结构[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2005.7
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5Zhao Yanling,Zhao Hong,Zhang Jianet al..Reseach on optical current transformer based on the fiber Bragg grating[J].Acta Optica Sinica,2010,30(4):949～953赵燕玲,赵洪,张剑等.基于光纤光栅的光学电流互感器研究[J].光学学报,2010,30(4):949～953
6Liu Yuliang,He Jun,Wang Yongjieet al..Progress of science wave detection by fiber-optic sensors[J].Laser&Optoelectronics Progress,2009,46(11):21～28刘育梁,何俊,王永杰等.光纤地震波探测的研究进展[J].激光与光电子学进展,2009,46(11):21～28
7Zhang Weigang.Design on fiber cavity ring-down spectroscopy system and investigating on liquid sensing[J].Laser&Optoelectronics Progress,2001,47(3):030601张伟刚.光纤腔衰减谱系统设计及流体传感研究[J].激光与光电子学进展,2001,47(3):030601
8Song Muping,Qiu Chao.Long-distance brillion optical time domain reflectometer with two-parameter sensing for standard sing-mode optical fiber[J].Acta Optica Sinica,2010,30(4):954～958宋牟平,裘超.普通单模光纤的长距离双参量传感布里渊时域反射计[J].光学学报,2010,30(4):954～958
9Hong Xiaobin,Guo Hongxiang,Wu Jian.A Brillion optical time dimain analysis based distributed fiber optical fiber instrusion sensor system[J].Chinese J.Lasers,2010,37(4):1037～1041洪小斌,郭宏翔.伍剑.基于布里渊时域分析的光纤传感入侵定位系统[J].中国激光,2010,37(4):1037～1041
10Xie Jianfeng.Research on fiber protected technics and temperature sensing proterties of smart structure[D].Nanchang:Nanchang University,2007.25谢剑峰.智能结构光纤光栅保护方法及温度传感性能研究[D].南昌:南昌大学,2007.25
11C.E.Lee,W.N.Gibler,R.A.Atkinset al..Metal-embedded fiber-optic Fabry-Perot sensors[J].Opt.Lett.,1991,16(24):1990～1992
12X.C.Li,F.Prinz.Analytical and experimental study on noncontact sensing with embedded fiber-optic sensors in rotatin metal parts[J].J.Light wave Technol.,2004,22(7):1720～1727
13X.C.Li,J.Johnsen,J.Grozaet al..Processing and microstructures of fiber Bragg grating sensors embedded in stainless steel[J].Metall.Mater.Trans.A,2002,33(9):3019～3024
14X.C.Li,W.L.Tang,A.Golnas.Embedding and characterization of fiber-optic and thin-fil msensors in metallic structures[J].Sens.Rev.,2004,24(4):370～377
15H.Bartelt,K.Suhuster,S.Ungeret al..Single-pulse fiber Bragg gratings and specific coatings for use at elevated temperatures[J].Appl.Opt.,2007,46(17):3417～3424
16Feng Yan,Zhang Hua,Li Yulonget al..Temperature sensitization model of fiber bragg grating with metal coating[J].Acta Optica Sinica,2009,29(2):336～341冯艳,张华,李玉龙等.金属化保护的光纤布拉格光栅温度传感模型[J].光学学报,2009,29(2):336～341
17J.F.Xie,H.Zhang,Z.Q.Zhuet al..Astudy of the temperature sensitivity of fiber Bragg grating after metallization[J].Smart Mater.Struct.,2007,16:1837～1842
18Y.L.Li,H.Zhang,Y.Fenget al..Metal coating of fiber Bragg grating and the temperature sensing character after metallization[J].Opt.Fiber Technol.,2009,15:391～397
19Guo mingjin,Jiang Desheng.Lowtemperature properties of fiber Bragg grating temperature sensor with plating gold[J].Chin.J.Low Temp.Phys.,2006,28(2):138～141郭明金,姜德生.镀金光纤光栅温度传感器的低温特性[J].低温物理学报,2006,28(2):138～141
20Jiang Desheng,Xu Haipeng,Li Xiaopu.Research of quartz optic fiber surface metallizationfor usingin high-temperature[J].J.Wuhan University of Technology,2008,30(4):1～4姜德生,徐海鹏,李小甫.适合于高温的石英光纤表面金属化的研究[J].武汉理工大学学报,2008,30(4):1～4
21R.S.Shen.Research of metal-coated and sensing technology applications on FBG[D].Dalian:Dalian University of Technology,2008.40～53申人升.FBG的金属化封装及其传感技术研究[D].大连:大连理工大学,2008.40～53
22R.S.Shen,J.Zhang,Y.Wanget al..Study on high-temperature and high-pressure measurement by using metal-coated FBG[J].Microwave Opt.Technol.Lett.,2008,50(5):1138～1140
23Feng Yan,Zhang Hua,Li Yulonget al..Technology for electroless plating Ni-P2-ZrO2composite coating for bragg fiber grating[J].J.Mater.prot.,2008,41(12):59～60冯艳,张华,李玉龙等.光纤Bragg光栅Ni-P2-ZrO2化学复合镀工艺[J].材料保护,2008,41(12):59～60
24Peng Gang,Zhang Hua,Li Yulonget al..Research on electroless Cu-plating onfiber Bragg grating sensor[J].Mater.Rev.,2008,22(9):77～79彭刚,张华,李玉龙等.光纤Bragg光栅传感器化学镀铜研究[J].材料导报,2008,22(9):77～79
25S.T.Shiue,Y.S.Lin.Thermal stress in metal-coated optical fibers[J].J.Appl.Phys.,1998,83(11):5719～5723
26S.T.Shiue.Thermal stressed in hermetically double-coated optical fibers[J].J.Appl.Phys.,1999,85(6):3044～3050
27S.T.Shiue.Effect of coating thickness on thermal stresses in tungsten-coated optical fibers[J].J.Appl.Phys.,2000,87(8):3759～3762
28T.Shiue,C.H.Yang,R.S.Chuet al..Effect of the coating thickness and roughness on the mechanical strength and thermally induced stress voids in nickel-coated optical fibers prepared by electroless plating method[J].Thin Solid Fil m,2005,485:169～174
29C.Lupi,F.Felli,A.Brotzuet al..Improving FBGsensor sensitivity at cryogenic temperature by metal coating[J].IEEE Sens.J.,2008,8(7):1299～1303
30C.Lupi,F.Felli,L.Lppolitiet al..Metal coating for enhancing the sensitivity of fibre bragg grating sensors at cryogenic temperature[J].Smart Mater.Struct.,2005,14:N71～N76
31M.Ciotti,V.Nardelli,M.A.Caponeroet al..An optical system for cryogenic temperature measurements[J].Smart Mater.Struct.,2007,16:1708～1711
32C.Lupi,F.Felli,M.A.Caponeroet al..The effectiveness of metal coating on FBG sensors sensitivity at cryogenic temperature[C].SPIE,2007,6619:661916
33S.Sandlin,A.Hokkanen.Embedding optical fibers in metal alloys[J].IEEE Instru.Meas.Mag.2003,6:31～36
34S.Sandlin,T.Kinnunen,J.Ram et al..A simple method for metal re-coating of optical fiber bragg gratings[J].Surf.Coa.Technol.,2006,201:3061～3065
35C.Y.Kong,R.Soar.Method for embedded optical fibers in an aluminum matrix by ultrasonic consolidation[J].Appl.Opt.,2005,44(30):6325～6333
36C.Mou,P.Saffarz.D.Liet al..Smart structure sensors based on embedded fibre Bragg grating arrays in aluminiumalloy matrix by ultrasonic consolidation[J].Meas.Sci.Technol.,2009,20(3):034013
37Li Yulong,Feng Yan,Zhang Huaet al..Fiber bragg grating sensor metallization and embedding into42Cr Mo steel by soldering[J].Trans.Chin.Welding Ins.,2008,29(3):69～72李玉龙,冯艳,张华等.光纤光栅传感器金属化保护及钎焊嵌入42Cr Mo钢[J].焊接学报,2008,29(3):69～72
38X.C.Li,F.Prinz,J.Seim.Thermal behavior of a metal embedded fiber Bragg grating sensor[J].Smart Materals Struct.,2001,10(4):575～579
39Feng Yan,Zhang Hua,Li Yulong.Experiment on embedding FBGsensor into intelligent metal structures[J].Piezoelectrics&Acoustooptics,2009,31(3):334～336冯艳,张华,李玉龙.智能金属结构中FBG传感器的埋入实验[J].压电与声光,2009,31(3):334～336
2LüChenggang,Zhang Wu,Ge Chungfenget al..The estimation of static load test on root type caisson foundation based on FBGsensor networks[J].Chinese J.Sens.Actualors,2010,23(2):282～286吕辰刚,张武,葛春风等.基于光纤光栅传感网的根式沉井静载实验研究[J].传感器技术,2010,23(2):282～286
3Zhu Honghu,Yin Jianhua,Hong Chengyuet al..Fiber optic based monitoring technologies of slope engineering[J].Geotechnical Investigation&Surveying,2010,3:7～10朱鸿鹄,殷建华,洪成雨等.基于光纤传感的边坡工程监测技术[J].工程勘察,2010,3:7～10
4Y.L.Park,S.C.Ryu,R.J.Blacket al..Exoskeletal force-sensing end-effectors with embedded optical fiber-bragg-grating sensors[J].IEEE Trans.Robot.,2009,25(6):1319～1331
5Zhao Yanling,Zhao Hong,Zhang Jianet al..Reseach on optical current transformer based on the fiber Bragg grating[J].Acta Optica Sinica,2010,30(4):949～953赵燕玲,赵洪,张剑等.基于光纤光栅的光学电流互感器研究[J].光学学报,2010,30(4):949～953
6Liu Yuliang,He Jun,Wang Yongjieet al..Progress of science wave detection by fiber-optic sensors[J].Laser&Optoelectronics Progress,2009,46(11):21～28刘育梁,何俊,王永杰等.光纤地震波探测的研究进展[J].激光与光电子学进展,2009,46(11):21～28
7Zhang Weigang.Design on fiber cavity ring-down spectroscopy system and investigating on liquid sensing[J].Laser&Optoelectronics Progress,2001,47(3):030601张伟刚.光纤腔衰减谱系统设计及流体传感研究[J].激光与光电子学进展,2001,47(3):030601
8Song Muping,Qiu Chao.Long-distance brillion optical time domain reflectometer with two-parameter sensing for standard sing-mode optical fiber[J].Acta Optica Sinica,2010,30(4):954～958宋牟平,裘超.普通单模光纤的长距离双参量传感布里渊时域反射计[J].光学学报,2010,30(4):954～958
9Hong Xiaobin,Guo Hongxiang,Wu Jian.A Brillion optical time dimain analysis based distributed fiber optical fiber instrusion sensor system[J].Chinese J.Lasers,2010,37(4):1037～1041洪小斌,郭宏翔.伍剑.基于布里渊时域分析的光纤传感入侵定位系统[J].中国激光,2010,37(4):1037～1041
10Xie Jianfeng.Research on fiber protected technics and temperature sensing proterties of smart structure[D].Nanchang:Nanchang University,2007.25谢剑峰.智能结构光纤光栅保护方法及温度传感性能研究[D].南昌:南昌大学,2007.25
11C.E.Lee,W.N.Gibler,R.A.Atkinset al..Metal-embedded fiber-optic Fabry-Perot sensors[J].Opt.Lett.,1991,16(24):1990～1992
12X.C.Li,F.Prinz.Analytical and experimental study on noncontact sensing with embedded fiber-optic sensors in rotatin metal parts[J].J.Light wave Technol.,2004,22(7):1720～1727
13X.C.Li,J.Johnsen,J.Grozaet al..Processing and microstructures of fiber Bragg grating sensors embedded in stainless steel[J].Metall.Mater.Trans.A,2002,33(9):3019～3024
14X.C.Li,W.L.Tang,A.Golnas.Embedding and characterization of fiber-optic and thin-fil msensors in metallic structures[J].Sens.Rev.,2004,24(4):370～377
15H.Bartelt,K.Suhuster,S.Ungeret al..Single-pulse fiber Bragg gratings and specific coatings for use at elevated temperatures[J].Appl.Opt.,2007,46(17):3417～3424
16Feng Yan,Zhang Hua,Li Yulonget al..Temperature sensitization model of fiber bragg grating with metal coating[J].Acta Optica Sinica,2009,29(2):336～341冯艳,张华,李玉龙等.金属化保护的光纤布拉格光栅温度传感模型[J].光学学报,2009,29(2):336～341
17J.F.Xie,H.Zhang,Z.Q.Zhuet al..Astudy of the temperature sensitivity of fiber Bragg grating after metallization[J].Smart Mater.Struct.,2007,16:1837～1842
18Y.L.Li,H.Zhang,Y.Fenget al..Metal coating of fiber Bragg grating and the temperature sensing character after metallization[J].Opt.Fiber Technol.,2009,15:391～397
19Guo mingjin,Jiang Desheng.Lowtemperature properties of fiber Bragg grating temperature sensor with plating gold[J].Chin.J.Low Temp.Phys.,2006,28(2):138～141郭明金,姜德生.镀金光纤光栅温度传感器的低温特性[J].低温物理学报,2006,28(2):138～141
20Jiang Desheng,Xu Haipeng,Li Xiaopu.Research of quartz optic fiber surface metallizationfor usingin high-temperature[J].J.Wuhan University of Technology,2008,30(4):1～4姜德生,徐海鹏,李小甫.适合于高温的石英光纤表面金属化的研究[J].武汉理工大学学报,2008,30(4):1～4
21R.S.Shen.Research of metal-coated and sensing technology applications on FBG[D].Dalian:Dalian University of Technology,2008.40～53申人升.FBG的金属化封装及其传感技术研究[D].大连:大连理工大学,2008.40～53
22R.S.Shen,J.Zhang,Y.Wanget al..Study on high-temperature and high-pressure measurement by using metal-coated FBG[J].Microwave Opt.Technol.Lett.,2008,50(5):1138～1140
23Feng Yan,Zhang Hua,Li Yulonget al..Technology for electroless plating Ni-P2-ZrO2composite coating for bragg fiber grating[J].J.Mater.prot.,2008,41(12):59～60冯艳,张华,李玉龙等.光纤Bragg光栅Ni-P2-ZrO2化学复合镀工艺[J].材料保护,2008,41(12):59～60
24Peng Gang,Zhang Hua,Li Yulonget al..Research on electroless Cu-plating onfiber Bragg grating sensor[J].Mater.Rev.,2008,22(9):77～79彭刚,张华,李玉龙等.光纤Bragg光栅传感器化学镀铜研究[J].材料导报,2008,22(9):77～79
25S.T.Shiue,Y.S.Lin.Thermal stress in metal-coated optical fibers[J].J.Appl.Phys.,1998,83(11):5719～5723
26S.T.Shiue.Thermal stressed in hermetically double-coated optical fibers[J].J.Appl.Phys.,1999,85(6):3044～3050
27S.T.Shiue.Effect of coating thickness on thermal stresses in tungsten-coated optical fibers[J].J.Appl.Phys.,2000,87(8):3759～3762
28T.Shiue,C.H.Yang,R.S.Chuet al..Effect of the coating thickness and roughness on the mechanical strength and thermally induced stress voids in nickel-coated optical fibers prepared by electroless plating method[J].Thin Solid Fil m,2005,485:169～174
29C.Lupi,F.Felli,A.Brotzuet al..Improving FBGsensor sensitivity at cryogenic temperature by metal coating[J].IEEE Sens.J.,2008,8(7):1299～1303
30C.Lupi,F.Felli,L.Lppolitiet al..Metal coating for enhancing the sensitivity of fibre bragg grating sensors at cryogenic temperature[J].Smart Mater.Struct.,2005,14:N71～N76
31M.Ciotti,V.Nardelli,M.A.Caponeroet al..An optical system for cryogenic temperature measurements[J].Smart Mater.Struct.,2007,16:1708～1711
32C.Lupi,F.Felli,M.A.Caponeroet al..The effectiveness of metal coating on FBG sensors sensitivity at cryogenic temperature[C].SPIE,2007,6619:661916
33S.Sandlin,A.Hokkanen.Embedding optical fibers in metal alloys[J].IEEE Instru.Meas.Mag.2003,6:31～36
34S.Sandlin,T.Kinnunen,J.Ram et al..A simple method for metal re-coating of optical fiber bragg gratings[J].Surf.Coa.Technol.,2006,201:3061～3065
35C.Y.Kong,R.Soar.Method for embedded optical fibers in an aluminum matrix by ultrasonic consolidation[J].Appl.Opt.,2005,44(30):6325～6333
36C.Mou,P.Saffarz.D.Liet al..Smart structure sensors based on embedded fibre Bragg grating arrays in aluminiumalloy matrix by ultrasonic consolidation[J].Meas.Sci.Technol.,2009,20(3):034013
37Li Yulong,Feng Yan,Zhang Huaet al..Fiber bragg grating sensor metallization and embedding into42Cr Mo steel by soldering[J].Trans.Chin.Welding Ins.,2008,29(3):69～72李玉龙,冯艳,张华等.光纤光栅传感器金属化保护及钎焊嵌入42Cr Mo钢[J].焊接学报,2008,29(3):69～72
38X.C.Li,F.Prinz,J.Seim.Thermal behavior of a metal embedded fiber Bragg grating sensor[J].Smart Materals Struct.,2001,10(4):575～579
39Feng Yan,Zhang Hua,Li Yulong.Experiment on embedding FBGsensor into intelligent metal structures[J].Piezoelectrics&Acoustooptics,2009,31(3):334～336冯艳,张华,李玉龙.智能金属结构中FBG传感器的埋入实验[J].压电与声光,2009,31(3):334～336
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