ELF/SLF电磁波传播的FDTD和GIS结合建模与分析
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摘要
首次采用三维时域有限差分(3D-FDTD)经纬度模型和地理学信息系统技术(Geographic InformationSystem,GIS)对地球-电离层波导系统进行几何建模,并对闪电、舒曼谐振中的极低频/超低频(ELF/SLF)的电磁辐射进行仿真实验。计算结果表明,当激励源放置在高空模拟闪电发生时,电磁波通过波导系统传播到观测点,并继续绕地球多次经过同一位置,直到完全衰减,其谐振频点与舒曼谐振点基本一致。发现地形地貌对于地表电磁波的电场分布有较大影响,而对地表电磁波的磁场分布几乎没有影响。
This paper initially combined the three-dimensional finite difference time-domain(3D-FDTD) method with the Geographic Information System(GIS),to simulate the radiation of the electromagnetic(EM) wave of ELF/SLF in the flashing lightning and the Schumann resonance in the Earth-ionosphere waveguide system.When the source was located in the high altitude zone,it was found that the resonant frequencies and the theoretical values of the Schumann resonance were quite close,and the EM wave travelled the observation point several times round the Earth-ionosphere waveguide system before vanishing.We also found the GIS had great influence on the distribution of the surface electric field,however,the magnetic field were not effected.
This paper initially combined the three-dimensional finite difference time-domain(3D-FDTD) method with the Geographic Information System(GIS),to simulate the radiation of the electromagnetic(EM) wave of ELF/SLF in the flashing lightning and the Schumann resonance in the Earth-ionosphere waveguide system.When the source was located in the high altitude zone,it was found that the resonant frequencies and the theoretical values of the Schumann resonance were quite close,and the EM wave travelled the observation point several times round the Earth-ionosphere waveguide system before vanishing.We also found the GIS had great influence on the distribution of the surface electric field,however,the magnetic field were not effected.
引文
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[8]Xia Hangang,Wang Xi,Cao Qunsheng.Application ofgrid-cell combination in 2D-FDTD modeling of ELF prop-agation and Schumann resonances of the earth[C].Pro-ceedings of IEEE MAPE2009.Beijing:IEEE Press,2009.904-907
[9]Simpson J A,Taflove A.Three-dimensional FDTD mod-eling of impulsive ELF propagation about the earth-sphere[J].IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation,2004,52:443-451
[10]葛德彪,闫玉波.电磁波时域有限差分方法(第二版)[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2005.35-43
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[12]Hermance J.Global Earth Physics:A Handbook ofPhysical Constants[M].Washington DC:AmericanGeophysical Union,1995.190-205
[13]NOAA′s National Geophysical Data Center.Global Re-lief CD-ROM[OL].http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov,Jan11,2010/Mar 30,2010
[14]冯峰,逯贵祯,关亚林.用MPI实现FDTD网络并行电磁散射运算[J].微波学报,2006,22(2):11-16
[2]Sevgi L,Akleman F,Felsen L B.Groundwave propaga-tion modeling:problem-matched analytical formulationsand direct numerical techniques[J].IEEE Antennas andPropagation Magazine,2002,44(1):55-75
[3]Simpson J J.Current and future applications of 3-D globalearth-ionosphere models based on the full-vector Maxwell′sequations FDTD method[J].Surveys in Geophysics,2009,30(2):105-130
[4]张红旗,陈宇,潘威炎.地震ELF/SLF辐射源在地面及电离层中产生的场[J].电波科学学报,2009,24(3):432-439
[5]Holland R.THREDS:A finite-difference time-domainEMP code in 3-D spherical coordinates[J].IEEE Trans-actions on Nuclear Science,1983,30(6):4592-4595
[6]Simpson J J,Taflove A.Two-dimensional FDTD model ofantipodal ELF propagation and schumann resonances ofthe earth[J].IEEE Antenna and Wireless PropagationLetters,2002,1:53-56
[7]Soriano A,Navarro E A,Paul D L,Porti J A,Morente JA,Craddock I J.Finite-difference time domain simula-tion of the earth ionosphere resonant cavity:Schumannresonances[J].IEEE Transactions on Antennas andPropagation,2005,53(4):1535-1541
[8]Xia Hangang,Wang Xi,Cao Qunsheng.Application ofgrid-cell combination in 2D-FDTD modeling of ELF prop-agation and Schumann resonances of the earth[C].Pro-ceedings of IEEE MAPE2009.Beijing:IEEE Press,2009.904-907
[9]Simpson J A,Taflove A.Three-dimensional FDTD mod-eling of impulsive ELF propagation about the earth-sphere[J].IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation,2004,52:443-451
[10]葛德彪,闫玉波.电磁波时域有限差分方法(第二版)[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2005.35-43
[11]Greifinger C,Greifinger P.Approximate method for de-termining ELF eigenvalues in the earth-ionosphere cavity[J].Radio Science,1978,13:831
[12]Hermance J.Global Earth Physics:A Handbook ofPhysical Constants[M].Washington DC:AmericanGeophysical Union,1995.190-205
[13]NOAA′s National Geophysical Data Center.Global Re-lief CD-ROM[OL].http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov,Jan11,2010/Mar 30,2010
[14]冯峰,逯贵祯,关亚林.用MPI实现FDTD网络并行电磁散射运算[J].微波学报,2006,22(2):11-16
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