拱坝气幕隔震的三维动力有限元技术研究
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摘要
地震发生时坝体和库水之间相互耦合,产生动水压力,而动水压力又反作用于坝体,提出采用气幕隔震技术消减动水压力,以提高拱坝抗震性能。用流固耦合理论,建立了坝体-气幕-库水隔震的三维有限元分析模型,研究了气幕隔震的减震机理和隔震效果。对拱坝进行三维动力有限元数值仿真分析,结果表明,气幕隔震对动水压力反应、加速度反应均有显著影响,尤其是动水压力,气幕可使动水压力减少约65%效果。另外,对坝面动水压力典型分布进行了分析。
Hydrodynamic pressure will be produced from interaction and intercoupling between dam and reservoir during earthquake.Arch dam will subjected to impact action from hydrodynamic pressure.Air isolation technique has been applied to decrease hydrodynamic pressure and to improve shock-resistant capability of arch dam.Based on the theory of fluid-solid interaction,tridimensional FEM model of dam-air-water is introduced.Research of seismic isolation mechanism on air cushion has been formulated.Tridimensional dynamic FEM simulation for gravity dam and arch dam was accomplished respectively.It is demonstrated that air isolation obviously influences hydrodynamic pressure and acceleration response.The hydrodynamic pressure is reduced for 65% with air cushion isolation.In addition,more model tests are needed to be verify air isolation mechanism.
Hydrodynamic pressure will be produced from interaction and intercoupling between dam and reservoir during earthquake.Arch dam will subjected to impact action from hydrodynamic pressure.Air isolation technique has been applied to decrease hydrodynamic pressure and to improve shock-resistant capability of arch dam.Based on the theory of fluid-solid interaction,tridimensional FEM model of dam-air-water is introduced.Research of seismic isolation mechanism on air cushion has been formulated.Tridimensional dynamic FEM simulation for gravity dam and arch dam was accomplished respectively.It is demonstrated that air isolation obviously influences hydrodynamic pressure and acceleration response.The hydrodynamic pressure is reduced for 65% with air cushion isolation.In addition,more model tests are needed to be verify air isolation mechanism.
引文
[1]Wang Zhong.Research of dam-reservoir interaction and damisolations[D].Sichuan University,2002.[王忠.坝库相互作用及抗震技术研究[D].成都:四川大学,2002.]
[2]Chen Houqun.The main problems and developments in seis-mic studies on hydraulic structures in China[J].Journal ofVibration Engineering,1997,10(3):253-257.[陈厚群,当前我国水工抗震中的主要问题和发展动态[J].振动工程学报,1997,10(3):253-257.]
[3]Liu Haowu,He Faxiang.Travelling-wave-input dynamic a-nalysis of arch dams and their aseismic design[J].Journalof Hydraulic Engineering,1990(9):26-35.[刘浩吾,何发祥.拱坝行波输入的动力分析和抗震设计[J].水利学报,1990(9):26-35.]
[4]Lin Gao,Hu Zhiqiang.Earthquake safety assessment of con-crete arch and gravity dams[J].Earthquake Engineeringand Engineering Vibration,2005,4(2):251-264.
[5]Michael J,Dowling,Hall J F.Nonlinear seismic analysis ofarch dams[J].Journal of Engineering Mechanics,ASCE,1989,115(4):768-789.
[6]Tinawi R,Guizani L.Formulation of hydrodynamic pressurein cracks due to earthquakes in concrete dams[J].Earth-quake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,1994,23:699-715.
[7]Chvez J W,Gregory L F.Earthquake response of concretegravity dams including base sliding[J].Journal of Structur-al Engineering,ASCE,1995,121(5):865-875.
[8]Du Xiuli,Chen Houqun,Hou Shunzai.The dimensionalnon-linear earthquake response analysis of arch dam-founda-tion system[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1997(8):7-14.[杜修力,陈厚群,侯顺载.拱坝-地基系统的三维非线性地震反应分析[J],水利学报,1997(8):7-14.]
[9]Lin Gao.Developing tendency of the seismic safety evalua-tion of large concrete dams[J].Journal of Disaster Preven-tion and Mitigation Engineering,2006,26(1):1-12.[林皋.混凝土大坝抗震安全评价的发展趋向[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2006,26(1):1-12.]
[10]Fenves G,Chopra A K.Effects of reservoir bottom absorp-tion and dam water foundation rock interaction on frequencyresponse function for concrete gravity dams[J].EarthquakeEngng Struct Dyn,1985,13(1):13-31.
[11]Wang M H,Hung T K.Three dimension analysis of pres-sures on dams[J].J Enh Mech,ASCE,1990,116(6):1290-1304.
[2]Chen Houqun.The main problems and developments in seis-mic studies on hydraulic structures in China[J].Journal ofVibration Engineering,1997,10(3):253-257.[陈厚群,当前我国水工抗震中的主要问题和发展动态[J].振动工程学报,1997,10(3):253-257.]
[3]Liu Haowu,He Faxiang.Travelling-wave-input dynamic a-nalysis of arch dams and their aseismic design[J].Journalof Hydraulic Engineering,1990(9):26-35.[刘浩吾,何发祥.拱坝行波输入的动力分析和抗震设计[J].水利学报,1990(9):26-35.]
[4]Lin Gao,Hu Zhiqiang.Earthquake safety assessment of con-crete arch and gravity dams[J].Earthquake Engineeringand Engineering Vibration,2005,4(2):251-264.
[5]Michael J,Dowling,Hall J F.Nonlinear seismic analysis ofarch dams[J].Journal of Engineering Mechanics,ASCE,1989,115(4):768-789.
[6]Tinawi R,Guizani L.Formulation of hydrodynamic pressurein cracks due to earthquakes in concrete dams[J].Earth-quake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,1994,23:699-715.
[7]Chvez J W,Gregory L F.Earthquake response of concretegravity dams including base sliding[J].Journal of Structur-al Engineering,ASCE,1995,121(5):865-875.
[8]Du Xiuli,Chen Houqun,Hou Shunzai.The dimensionalnon-linear earthquake response analysis of arch dam-founda-tion system[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1997(8):7-14.[杜修力,陈厚群,侯顺载.拱坝-地基系统的三维非线性地震反应分析[J],水利学报,1997(8):7-14.]
[9]Lin Gao.Developing tendency of the seismic safety evalua-tion of large concrete dams[J].Journal of Disaster Preven-tion and Mitigation Engineering,2006,26(1):1-12.[林皋.混凝土大坝抗震安全评价的发展趋向[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2006,26(1):1-12.]
[10]Fenves G,Chopra A K.Effects of reservoir bottom absorp-tion and dam water foundation rock interaction on frequencyresponse function for concrete gravity dams[J].EarthquakeEngng Struct Dyn,1985,13(1):13-31.
[11]Wang M H,Hung T K.Three dimension analysis of pres-sures on dams[J].J Enh Mech,ASCE,1990,116(6):1290-1304.
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