对高灵敏光纤光栅温度传感器的稳定性的初探
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摘要
光纤光栅作为新型传感元件,因为其具有抗电磁干扰和分布式测量等电学传感器无法比拟的优点,正在被广泛的研究.为了实现替代现有的高精度电学温度传感器的目的,可以尝试利用光纤光栅对温度和应变共同敏感的特性,制作高灵敏度光纤光栅温度传感器.尽管已经出现了对高灵敏光纤光栅温度传感器的报到,但是,很少有针对高灵敏光纤光栅温度传感器稳定性的研究.在实验室环境下,我们对高灵敏光纤光栅温度传感器的稳定性进行了测试.我们制作了一款高灵敏光纤光栅温度传感器,将其与普通光纤光栅温度传感器和电学石英温度传感器共同置于盛满水的不锈钢容器中,观测室温变化.通过对它们两周的观测结果进行对比,我们发现:尽管与普通光纤光栅温度传感器的结果相比,高灵敏光纤光栅温度传感器的观测结果与石英温度传感器的结果更一致;但是,高灵敏光纤光栅温度传感器出现了微小漂移.因为该漂移出现在进一步拉伸光纤光栅的过程中,所以它很可能是由于光纤光栅的固定点出现了微小滑动造成的.这为光纤光栅在高精度温度测量领域的应用作了有益尝试.
As a novel sensitive element, due to its advantages of immunity to electrical interference and distributed measurement, fiber Bragg grating (FBG) has been researched widely. To realize the substitution of highly accurate electronic temperature sensors, highly sensitive FBG temperature sensors can be made by taking advantage of its characters of being sensitive to both temperature and strain. Although there are reports about high sensitive FBG temperature sensors, few about their stability have been reported. We manufactured a highly sensitive FBG temperature sensor, and put it together with an average FBG temperature sensor and an electronic crystal temperature sensor into a stainless steel container filled by water to observe the room temperature change. By comparing their results in two weeks, we have found that although the high sensitive FBG temperature sensor is in much better agreement with the electronic crystal sensor than the average FBG sensor is, some small drifts occurred. Because the drifts appeared in the process of further pulling the FBG, it might be a result of the slip of the FBG fixing points. This contributes some good experiences to the application of FBG in high accuracy temperature measurement.
As a novel sensitive element, due to its advantages of immunity to electrical interference and distributed measurement, fiber Bragg grating (FBG) has been researched widely. To realize the substitution of highly accurate electronic temperature sensors, highly sensitive FBG temperature sensors can be made by taking advantage of its characters of being sensitive to both temperature and strain. Although there are reports about high sensitive FBG temperature sensors, few about their stability have been reported. We manufactured a highly sensitive FBG temperature sensor, and put it together with an average FBG temperature sensor and an electronic crystal temperature sensor into a stainless steel container filled by water to observe the room temperature change. By comparing their results in two weeks, we have found that although the high sensitive FBG temperature sensor is in much better agreement with the electronic crystal sensor than the average FBG sensor is, some small drifts occurred. Because the drifts appeared in the process of further pulling the FBG, it might be a result of the slip of the FBG fixing points. This contributes some good experiences to the application of FBG in high accuracy temperature measurement.
引文
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[10] 李彬,傅永军,魏淮,等.高温封装实现光纤光栅的长期稳定[J].光电子·激光,2006,17(7) :798～802． Li B, Fu Y J, Wei H, et al. Long-term stabilization of fiber gratings by high-temperature packaging [J]. Journal of Optoelectronics · laser (in Chinese), 2006, 17(7) :798～802．
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[13] 华丽娟,马柱国.亚洲和北美干湿变化及其与海表温度异常的关系[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(5) :1184～1196． Hua L J, Ma Z G. The evolution of dry and wet periods in Asia and North America and its relationship with SSTA[J].Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese), 2009, 52 (5) : 1184 ～1196．
[14] 陈顺云,马瑾,刘培洵,等.中国大陆地表温度年变基准场研究[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(9) :2273～2281． ChenS Y, Ma J, Liu P X, et al. A study on the normal annual variation field of land surface temperature in China [J]. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese), 2009, 52(9) : 2273～2281．
[15] 冯昌格,刘绍文,王良书,等.塔里木盆地现今地热特征[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(11) :2752～2762． Feng C G, Liu S W, Wang L S, et al. Present-day geothermal regime in Tarim basin, northwest China [J]. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese), 2009, 52(11) :2752 ～2762．
[16] 李百寿,秦其明,侯贵廷,等.被动式超低频电磁法在深部地热资源勘察中的应用--以JR-119井及JR-168井为例[J].地球物理学进展,2009,24(2) :699～706． Li B S, Qing Q M, Hou G T, et al. Applications of the passive Super Low Frequency (SLF) electromagnetic technique to exploration of geothermal energy sources [J]. Progress in Geophys. (in Chinese), 2009, 24(2) : 699～706．
[17] 龙作元,薛国强,周楠楠,等.贵德盆地深部地热资源地球物理评价[J].地球物理学进展,2009,24(6) :2261～2266． Long Z Y, Xue G Q, Zhou N N, et al. Investigation of deep geothermal resources in Guide basin by using geophysical method[J]. Progress in Geophys. (in Chinese), 2009, 24(6) :2261～2266．
[18] 罗斯琼,吕世华,张宇,等.青藏高原中部土壤热传导率参数化方案的确立及在数值模式中的应用[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(4) :919～928． Luo S Q, Lti S H, Zhang Y, et al. Soil thermal conductivity parameterization establishment and application in numerical model of central Tibetan Plateau[J]. Chinese J. Geophys.(in Chinese), 2009, 52(4) :919～928．
[19] 左建平,谢和平,周宏伟,等.不同温度作用下砂岩热开裂的实验研究[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(4) :1150～1155． Zuo J P, Xie H P, Zhou H W, et al. Experimental research on thermal cracking of sandstone under different temperature [J]. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese), 2007, 50 (4) : 1150 ～1155．
[20] 曲维政,白燕,黄菲,等.火山活动对热带高空温度变化的影响[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(5) :1308～1315． Qu W Z, Bai Y, Huang F, et al. Effect of volcanic activity on the temperature in the tropical upper atmosphere [J].Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese), 2006, 49 (5) : 1308 ～1315．
[21] 魏荣强,臧绍先.岩石破裂强度的温度和应变率效应及其对岩石圈流变结构的影响[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(6) : 1730～1737． Wei R Q, Zang S X. Effects of temperature and strain rate on the fracture strength of rock and their influences on the rheological structure of the lithosphere [J]. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese), 2006, 49(6) : 1730～1737．
[22] 江灏,程国栋,王可丽.青藏高原地表温度的比较分析[J].地 球物理学报,2006,49(2) :391～397． Jiang H, Cheng G D, Wang K L. Analyzing and measuring the surface temperature of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau [J].Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese), 2006, 49(2) : 391～397
[23] 陈晓冬,金旭,管彦武,等.长春地区地表温度日变、年变对地温测量的影响[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(3) :1008～1011． Chen X D,Jin X,Guan Y W,etal. The influence of daily and annual variation of the surface temperature on near-surface temperature survey [J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese), 2006,21(3) : 1008～1011．
[24] 杨冬红,杨学祥,刘财.2004年12月26日印尼地震海啸与全球低温[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(3) :1023～1027． Yang D H, Yang X X, Liu C. Global low temperature, earthquake and tsunami (Dec. 26, 2004) in Indonesia [ J ]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese), 2006,21 (3) : 1023 ～ 1027．
[25] Cruz J L, Dong L, Reekie L. Improved thermal sensitivity offibre Bragg gratings using a polymer overlayer [J].Electronics Letters, 1996, 32 (4) :385～387．
[26] Jung J, Nam H, Lee B, et al. Fiber Bragg grating temperature sensor with controllable sensitivity [J]. Applied optics, 1999, 38 (13) : 2752～2755．
[27] Li K, Zhou Z A, Liu A C. A high sensitive fiber Bragg grating cryogenic temperature sensor[J]. Chin. Opt. Lett. , 2009, 7(2) :121～123．
[28] 李阔,周振安.基于光纤光栅的高精度测温传感器研究[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(4) :1322～1325． Li K, Zhou Z A. The application of Fiber Bragg Grating sensor to high precision temperature measurement [J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese), 2008, 23(4) .. 1322～1325．
[29] 李阔,周振安,刘爱春,等.一种高温下高灵敏光纤光栅温度传感器的制作方法[J].光学学报,2009,29(1) :249～251． Li K, Zhou Z A, Liu A C, etal. High-sensitivity fiber Bragg grating temperature sensor at high temperature[J]. Acta Optica Sinica (in Chinese), 2009, 29(1) :249～251．
[30] 李阔,周振安.一种灵敏度系数可调的光纤光栅温度传感器[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2009,29(1) :144～147． Li K, Zhou Z A. A fiber Bragg grating temperature sensorwith adjustable sensitivity [J]. Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamic (in Chinese), 2009,29(1) :144～147．
[2] Lee B. Review of the present status of optical fiber sensors [J]. Optical Fiber Technology, 2003, 9(2) : 57～79．
[3] 丁小平,王薇,付连春.光纤传感器的分类及其应用原理[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2006,26(6) :1176～1178． Ding X P, Wang W, Fu L C. Classification and Application Principles of Optical-Fibre Transducer[J]. Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis (in Chinese), 2006, 26(6) : 1176～1178．
[4] 廖楚柯,陈华荣.新型光纤高温计的研究[J].武汉理工大学学报,2001,23(8) :27～29． Liao C K, Chen H R. A study of new fiber optic pyrometer [J]. Journal of Wuhan University of Technology (in Chinese), 2001, 23(8) :27～29．
[5] 胡林辉,谢家纯,徐军,等.一种SiC高温温度传感器[J].传感器技术,2003,22(12) :32～33． Hu L H, Xie J C, Xu J, et al. A high temperature sensor based on SiC [J]. Journal of Transducer Technology (in Chinese), 2003, 22(12) :32～33．
[6] 韩群,吕可诚,李家方,等.一种新颖的光纤光栅温度调谐装置的原理与实验研究[J].物理学报,2004,53(12) :4253～4256． Han Q, Lu K C, Li J F, etal. Research on a novel fiber Bragg grating thermal tuning scheme[J]. Acta Physica Sinica (in Chinese), 2004, 53(12) :4253～4256．
[7] 詹亚歌,向世清,何红,等.光纤光栅高温传感器的研究[J].中国激光,2005,32(9) :1235～1238． Zhan Y G, Xiang S Q, He H, et al. Study on high temperature optic fiber grating sensor [J]. Chinese J. Lasers (in Chinese), 2005, 32(9) : 1235～1238．
[8] 禹大宽,乔学光,贾振安,等.一种新颖封装的耐高温光纤 Bragg光栅温度传感器[J].光子学报,2006,35(2) :232～234． Yu D K, Qiao X G, Jia Z A, et al. A novel packaged fiber bragg grating temperature sensor with high temperatureresistance[J]. Acta Photonica Sinica (in Chinese), 2006,35(2) :232～234．
[9] 徐先东,何伟,余海湖,等.光纤布喇格光栅高温敏封装技术的研究[J].武汉理工大学学报,2003,25(4) :14～16． Xu X D, He W, Yu H H, etal. High-sensitivity fiber bragg grating temperature sensor with polymer jacket[J]. Journal of Wuhan university of technology (in Chinese), 2003,25 (4) :14～16．
[10] 李彬,傅永军,魏淮,等.高温封装实现光纤光栅的长期稳定[J].光电子·激光,2006,17(7) :798～802． Li B, Fu Y J, Wei H, et al. Long-term stabilization of fiber gratings by high-temperature packaging [J]. Journal of Optoelectronics · laser (in Chinese), 2006, 17(7) :798～802．
[11] 乔学光,李婷,王宏亮,等.耐高温光纤Bragg光栅的响应特性研究[J].应用光学,2007,28(2) :209～211． Qiao X G, Li T, Wang H L, et al. Response characteristics of high temperature resistant Fiber Bragg Grating [ J].Journal of Applied Optics (in Chinese), 2007, 28(2) :209～211．
[12] 周振安,刘爱英.光纤光栅传感器用于高精度应变测量研究[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(3) :864～866． Zhou Z A, Liu A Y. The application of Fiber Bragg Grating sensor to high precision strain measure [ J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese), 2005,20(3) :864～866．
[13] 华丽娟,马柱国.亚洲和北美干湿变化及其与海表温度异常的关系[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(5) :1184～1196． Hua L J, Ma Z G. The evolution of dry and wet periods in Asia and North America and its relationship with SSTA[J].Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese), 2009, 52 (5) : 1184 ～1196．
[14] 陈顺云,马瑾,刘培洵,等.中国大陆地表温度年变基准场研究[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(9) :2273～2281． ChenS Y, Ma J, Liu P X, et al. A study on the normal annual variation field of land surface temperature in China [J]. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese), 2009, 52(9) : 2273～2281．
[15] 冯昌格,刘绍文,王良书,等.塔里木盆地现今地热特征[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(11) :2752～2762． Feng C G, Liu S W, Wang L S, et al. Present-day geothermal regime in Tarim basin, northwest China [J]. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese), 2009, 52(11) :2752 ～2762．
[16] 李百寿,秦其明,侯贵廷,等.被动式超低频电磁法在深部地热资源勘察中的应用--以JR-119井及JR-168井为例[J].地球物理学进展,2009,24(2) :699～706． Li B S, Qing Q M, Hou G T, et al. Applications of the passive Super Low Frequency (SLF) electromagnetic technique to exploration of geothermal energy sources [J]. Progress in Geophys. (in Chinese), 2009, 24(2) : 699～706．
[17] 龙作元,薛国强,周楠楠,等.贵德盆地深部地热资源地球物理评价[J].地球物理学进展,2009,24(6) :2261～2266． Long Z Y, Xue G Q, Zhou N N, et al. Investigation of deep geothermal resources in Guide basin by using geophysical method[J]. Progress in Geophys. (in Chinese), 2009, 24(6) :2261～2266．
[18] 罗斯琼,吕世华,张宇,等.青藏高原中部土壤热传导率参数化方案的确立及在数值模式中的应用[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(4) :919～928． Luo S Q, Lti S H, Zhang Y, et al. Soil thermal conductivity parameterization establishment and application in numerical model of central Tibetan Plateau[J]. Chinese J. Geophys.(in Chinese), 2009, 52(4) :919～928．
[19] 左建平,谢和平,周宏伟,等.不同温度作用下砂岩热开裂的实验研究[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(4) :1150～1155． Zuo J P, Xie H P, Zhou H W, et al. Experimental research on thermal cracking of sandstone under different temperature [J]. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese), 2007, 50 (4) : 1150 ～1155．
[20] 曲维政,白燕,黄菲,等.火山活动对热带高空温度变化的影响[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(5) :1308～1315． Qu W Z, Bai Y, Huang F, et al. Effect of volcanic activity on the temperature in the tropical upper atmosphere [J].Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese), 2006, 49 (5) : 1308 ～1315．
[21] 魏荣强,臧绍先.岩石破裂强度的温度和应变率效应及其对岩石圈流变结构的影响[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(6) : 1730～1737． Wei R Q, Zang S X. Effects of temperature and strain rate on the fracture strength of rock and their influences on the rheological structure of the lithosphere [J]. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese), 2006, 49(6) : 1730～1737．
[22] 江灏,程国栋,王可丽.青藏高原地表温度的比较分析[J].地 球物理学报,2006,49(2) :391～397． Jiang H, Cheng G D, Wang K L. Analyzing and measuring the surface temperature of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau [J].Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese), 2006, 49(2) : 391～397
[23] 陈晓冬,金旭,管彦武,等.长春地区地表温度日变、年变对地温测量的影响[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(3) :1008～1011． Chen X D,Jin X,Guan Y W,etal. The influence of daily and annual variation of the surface temperature on near-surface temperature survey [J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese), 2006,21(3) : 1008～1011．
[24] 杨冬红,杨学祥,刘财.2004年12月26日印尼地震海啸与全球低温[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(3) :1023～1027． Yang D H, Yang X X, Liu C. Global low temperature, earthquake and tsunami (Dec. 26, 2004) in Indonesia [ J ]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese), 2006,21 (3) : 1023 ～ 1027．
[25] Cruz J L, Dong L, Reekie L. Improved thermal sensitivity offibre Bragg gratings using a polymer overlayer [J].Electronics Letters, 1996, 32 (4) :385～387．
[26] Jung J, Nam H, Lee B, et al. Fiber Bragg grating temperature sensor with controllable sensitivity [J]. Applied optics, 1999, 38 (13) : 2752～2755．
[27] Li K, Zhou Z A, Liu A C. A high sensitive fiber Bragg grating cryogenic temperature sensor[J]. Chin. Opt. Lett. , 2009, 7(2) :121～123．
[28] 李阔,周振安.基于光纤光栅的高精度测温传感器研究[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(4) :1322～1325． Li K, Zhou Z A. The application of Fiber Bragg Grating sensor to high precision temperature measurement [J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese), 2008, 23(4) .. 1322～1325．
[29] 李阔,周振安,刘爱春,等.一种高温下高灵敏光纤光栅温度传感器的制作方法[J].光学学报,2009,29(1) :249～251． Li K, Zhou Z A, Liu A C, etal. High-sensitivity fiber Bragg grating temperature sensor at high temperature[J]. Acta Optica Sinica (in Chinese), 2009, 29(1) :249～251．
[30] 李阔,周振安.一种灵敏度系数可调的光纤光栅温度传感器[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2009,29(1) :144～147． Li K, Zhou Z A. A fiber Bragg grating temperature sensorwith adjustable sensitivity [J]. Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamic (in Chinese), 2009,29(1) :144～147．
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