爆破循环对围岩松动圈的影响
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摘要
基于松动圈的现场测试结果,研究声波波速沿孔深的变化规律以及爆破施工对于松动圈的影响。结果表明,波速沿径向逐渐增大,经历一个波峰后又逐渐降低,最后趋于稳定。每一循环进尺,测区中都存在强化和弱化区域,分布比较复杂,与爆破前松动圈的大小以及爆破效果密切相关。而爆破循环的累积影响效应表明,弱化带位于裂隙区,其损伤是纵波和横波共同作用的结果;强化带位于应力集中区,主要得益于爆破的震实效应以及碎胀力的挤压。当测孔离掌子面达到一定距离之后,波速虽有小幅的调整但不影响松动圈的形状,应力集中区不会产生偏移,据此得出松动圈测定的原则和时机。沿着隧洞轴线方向,当测点离掌子面一定距离之后,波速趋于稳定,据此给出爆破施工影响范围的确定方法。爆破循环对于围岩松动圈影响范围的确定,可为软岩隧洞的围岩支护以及硬岩隧洞岩爆的防治提供依据。
The variation in acoustic velocity along the borehole and the influence of blasting on excavation damaged zone(EDZ) are studied based on the in-situ testing results.It is found that the acoustic velocity increases gradually,then decreases gradually after a peak and tends to be stable finally.There are reinforced and weakened zones in survey area in each blasting round.Its distribution is complex and closely related to the size of EDZ and the effect of blasting.The cumulative effect of blasting rounds illustrates that the weaken zone lies in the crack area;and its damage is attributed to the effect of longitudinal wave and transverse wave.The reinforced zone lies in the stress concentration area;and its reinforcement is contributed to the tamping effect of blasting vibration and the compression of bulking force.When the distance between the borehole and the working face is up to a certain value,the blasting does not affect the shape of EDZ in spite of some slight adjustment in acoustic velocity.In other words,it does not cause the offsets of the stress concentration zone.Accordingly,the principle and time for EDZ test are proposed.Meanwhile,along the axis direction of the tunnel,the acoustic velocity tends to be stable when the testing point has a certain distance from the working face,which can provide a method to determine the blasting influence range.It is the determination of influence range that provides significant guidance for choosing the best time for the support of soft rock tunnel and the protection scope against rock burst of hard rock tunnel.
The variation in acoustic velocity along the borehole and the influence of blasting on excavation damaged zone(EDZ) are studied based on the in-situ testing results.It is found that the acoustic velocity increases gradually,then decreases gradually after a peak and tends to be stable finally.There are reinforced and weakened zones in survey area in each blasting round.Its distribution is complex and closely related to the size of EDZ and the effect of blasting.The cumulative effect of blasting rounds illustrates that the weaken zone lies in the crack area;and its damage is attributed to the effect of longitudinal wave and transverse wave.The reinforced zone lies in the stress concentration area;and its reinforcement is contributed to the tamping effect of blasting vibration and the compression of bulking force.When the distance between the borehole and the working face is up to a certain value,the blasting does not affect the shape of EDZ in spite of some slight adjustment in acoustic velocity.In other words,it does not cause the offsets of the stress concentration zone.Accordingly,the principle and time for EDZ test are proposed.Meanwhile,along the axis direction of the tunnel,the acoustic velocity tends to be stable when the testing point has a certain distance from the working face,which can provide a method to determine the blasting influence range.It is the determination of influence range that provides significant guidance for choosing the best time for the support of soft rock tunnel and the protection scope against rock burst of hard rock tunnel.
引文
[1]孙有为.地下洞室的几何性质对松动圈的影响[硕士学位论文][D].哈尔滨:中国地震局工程力学研究所,2006.(SUN Youwei.Influence of geometry on the broken zone of underground cavity[M.S.Thesis][D].Harbin:Institute of Engineering Mechanics,China Earthquake Administration,2006.(in Chinese))
[2]夏峰.地下洞室围岩松动圈影响因素分析[硕士学位论文][D].哈尔滨:中国地震局工程力学研究所,2009.(XIA Feng.The factors analysis of underground cavity broken zone[M.S.Thesis][D].Harbin:Institute of Engineering Mechanics,China Earthquake Administration,2009.(in Chinese))
[3]靖洪文,付国彬,郭志宏.深井巷道围岩松动圈影响因素实测分析及控制技术研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1999,18(1):70–74.(JING Hongwen,FU Guobin,GUO Zhihong.Measurement and analysis of influential factors of broken zone of deep roadways and study on its control technique[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1999,18(1):70–74.(in Chinese))
[4]高玮,郑颖人.巷道围岩松动圈预测的进化神经网络法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(5):658–661.(GAO Wei,ZHENG Yingren.Evolutionary neural network model on prediction of loosened zone around roadway[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(5):658–661.(in Chinese))
[5]檀远远.复杂构造带回采巷道松动圈确定与支护对策研究[硕士学位论文][D].淮南:安徽理工大学,2009.(TAN Yuanyuan.Study on loose circle determination of mining roadway and supporting strategy in complex structural area[M.S.Thesis][D].Huainan:Anhui University of Science and Technology,2009.(in Chinese))
[6]刘刚,宋宏伟.煤巷围岩松动圈规律研究[J].煤炭学报,2002,27(1):31–35.(LIU Gang,SONG Hongwei.Study on the distribution law of the broken rock zone around rectangular-shape coal roadway[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2002,27(1):31–35.(in Chinese))
[7]李宁,段小强,陈方方,等.围岩松动圈的弹塑性位移反分析方法探索[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(7):1 304–1 308.(LI Ning,DUAN Xiaoqiang,CHEN Fangfang,et al.A back analysis method for elastoplastic displacement of broken rock zone around tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(7):1 304–1 308.(in Chinese))
[8]董方庭,宋宏伟,郭志宏,等.巷道围岩松动圈支护理论[J].煤炭学报,1994,19(1):21–32.(DONG Fangting,SONG Hongwei,GUO Zhihong,et al.Roadway support theory based on broken rock zone[J].Journal of China Coal Society,1994,19(1):21–32.(in Chinese))
[9]江权,冯夏庭,苏国韶,等.基于松动圈–位移增量监测信息的高地应力下洞室群岩体力学参数的智能反分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(增1):2 654–2 662.(JIANG Quan,FENG Xiating,SU Guoshao,et al.Intelligent back analysis of rock mass parameters for large underground caverns under high earth stress based on EDZ and increment displacement[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(Supp.1):2 654–2 662.(in Chinese))
[10]倪绍虎,肖明.基于围岩松动圈的地下工程参数场位移反分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(7):1 439–1 446.(NI Shaohu,XIAO Ming.Displacement back analysis of parameter field in underground engineering based on excavation damaged zone of surrounding rock[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(7):1 439–1 446.(in Chinese))
[11]林大能.平巷掏槽爆破空孔尺寸效应及围岩频繁震动损伤累积特性研究[博士学位论文][D].长沙:中南大学,2006.(LIN Daneng.Research on size effect of empty hole in horizontal roadway cut blasting and accumulating characteristic of surrounding rock damage caused by frequently blasting vibration[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Changsha:Central South University,2006.(in Chinese))
[12]吴从师,黎高辉,郭云开,等.悬索桥锚碇隧道爆破开挖的围岩累积振动效应研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(7):1 499–1 505.(WU Congshi,LI Gaohui,GUO Yunkai,et al.Research on accumulated vibration effects of surrounding rock in blasting excavating anchorage tunnel for suspension bridge[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(7):1 499–1 505.(in Chinese))
[13]周黎明,肖国强,尹健民.巴昆水电站发电洞开挖松动区岩体弹性模量测试与研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(增2):3 971–3 975.(ZHOU Liming,XIAO Guoqiang,YIN Jianmin.Measurement and study on rock deformation modulus of power tunnels′loosened zone in Bakun hydropower station[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(Supp.2):3 971–3 975.(in Chinese))
[14]邵东亚.岩巷掘进爆破震动对围岩松动圈影响的研究[J].煤矿爆破,2009,(3):11–13.(SHAO Dongya.Influence of vibration of blasting for driving rock roadway on stability of surrounding rock[J].Coal Mine Blasting,2009,(3):11–13.(in Chinese))
[15]马建军.软岩巷道在周边爆破作用下的稳定性研究[博士学位论文][D].北京:北京理工大学,2004.(MA Jianjun.Investigation on the stability of soft rock tunnel affected by perimeter blasting[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Beijing:Beijing Institute of Technology,2004.(in Chinese))
[16]翁春林,叶加冕.工程爆破[M].2版.北京:冶金工业出版社,2008:86–91.(WENG Chunlin,YE Jiamian.Engineering blasting[M].2nd ed.Beijing:China Metallurgical Industry Press,2008:86–91.(in Chinese))
[2]夏峰.地下洞室围岩松动圈影响因素分析[硕士学位论文][D].哈尔滨:中国地震局工程力学研究所,2009.(XIA Feng.The factors analysis of underground cavity broken zone[M.S.Thesis][D].Harbin:Institute of Engineering Mechanics,China Earthquake Administration,2009.(in Chinese))
[3]靖洪文,付国彬,郭志宏.深井巷道围岩松动圈影响因素实测分析及控制技术研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1999,18(1):70–74.(JING Hongwen,FU Guobin,GUO Zhihong.Measurement and analysis of influential factors of broken zone of deep roadways and study on its control technique[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1999,18(1):70–74.(in Chinese))
[4]高玮,郑颖人.巷道围岩松动圈预测的进化神经网络法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(5):658–661.(GAO Wei,ZHENG Yingren.Evolutionary neural network model on prediction of loosened zone around roadway[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(5):658–661.(in Chinese))
[5]檀远远.复杂构造带回采巷道松动圈确定与支护对策研究[硕士学位论文][D].淮南:安徽理工大学,2009.(TAN Yuanyuan.Study on loose circle determination of mining roadway and supporting strategy in complex structural area[M.S.Thesis][D].Huainan:Anhui University of Science and Technology,2009.(in Chinese))
[6]刘刚,宋宏伟.煤巷围岩松动圈规律研究[J].煤炭学报,2002,27(1):31–35.(LIU Gang,SONG Hongwei.Study on the distribution law of the broken rock zone around rectangular-shape coal roadway[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2002,27(1):31–35.(in Chinese))
[7]李宁,段小强,陈方方,等.围岩松动圈的弹塑性位移反分析方法探索[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(7):1 304–1 308.(LI Ning,DUAN Xiaoqiang,CHEN Fangfang,et al.A back analysis method for elastoplastic displacement of broken rock zone around tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(7):1 304–1 308.(in Chinese))
[8]董方庭,宋宏伟,郭志宏,等.巷道围岩松动圈支护理论[J].煤炭学报,1994,19(1):21–32.(DONG Fangting,SONG Hongwei,GUO Zhihong,et al.Roadway support theory based on broken rock zone[J].Journal of China Coal Society,1994,19(1):21–32.(in Chinese))
[9]江权,冯夏庭,苏国韶,等.基于松动圈–位移增量监测信息的高地应力下洞室群岩体力学参数的智能反分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(增1):2 654–2 662.(JIANG Quan,FENG Xiating,SU Guoshao,et al.Intelligent back analysis of rock mass parameters for large underground caverns under high earth stress based on EDZ and increment displacement[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(Supp.1):2 654–2 662.(in Chinese))
[10]倪绍虎,肖明.基于围岩松动圈的地下工程参数场位移反分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(7):1 439–1 446.(NI Shaohu,XIAO Ming.Displacement back analysis of parameter field in underground engineering based on excavation damaged zone of surrounding rock[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(7):1 439–1 446.(in Chinese))
[11]林大能.平巷掏槽爆破空孔尺寸效应及围岩频繁震动损伤累积特性研究[博士学位论文][D].长沙:中南大学,2006.(LIN Daneng.Research on size effect of empty hole in horizontal roadway cut blasting and accumulating characteristic of surrounding rock damage caused by frequently blasting vibration[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Changsha:Central South University,2006.(in Chinese))
[12]吴从师,黎高辉,郭云开,等.悬索桥锚碇隧道爆破开挖的围岩累积振动效应研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(7):1 499–1 505.(WU Congshi,LI Gaohui,GUO Yunkai,et al.Research on accumulated vibration effects of surrounding rock in blasting excavating anchorage tunnel for suspension bridge[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(7):1 499–1 505.(in Chinese))
[13]周黎明,肖国强,尹健民.巴昆水电站发电洞开挖松动区岩体弹性模量测试与研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(增2):3 971–3 975.(ZHOU Liming,XIAO Guoqiang,YIN Jianmin.Measurement and study on rock deformation modulus of power tunnels′loosened zone in Bakun hydropower station[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(Supp.2):3 971–3 975.(in Chinese))
[14]邵东亚.岩巷掘进爆破震动对围岩松动圈影响的研究[J].煤矿爆破,2009,(3):11–13.(SHAO Dongya.Influence of vibration of blasting for driving rock roadway on stability of surrounding rock[J].Coal Mine Blasting,2009,(3):11–13.(in Chinese))
[15]马建军.软岩巷道在周边爆破作用下的稳定性研究[博士学位论文][D].北京:北京理工大学,2004.(MA Jianjun.Investigation on the stability of soft rock tunnel affected by perimeter blasting[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Beijing:Beijing Institute of Technology,2004.(in Chinese))
[16]翁春林,叶加冕.工程爆破[M].2版.北京:冶金工业出版社,2008:86–91.(WENG Chunlin,YE Jiamian.Engineering blasting[M].2nd ed.Beijing:China Metallurgical Industry Press,2008:86–91.(in Chinese))
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