单轴压缩条件下花岗岩声发射事件空间分布的分维特征研究
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摘要
基于声发射事件空间分布的柱覆盖分形模型,利用MTS815FlexTestGT岩石力学试验系统和PCI-2声发射(AE)3维定位实时监测系统,对瀑布沟水电站地下厂房花岗岩单轴压缩损伤破坏过程中声发射事件空间分布的分形特征进行了研究。结果表明,声发射事件随应力增加逐渐活跃,加载初期声发射数量较少,应力接近峰值强度时,声发射事件累计数曲线呈指数上升;声发射事件的空间分布随应力增加是一个降维过程,其空间分维D在3～2内变化,峰值强度时,其值最小;弹性阶段后期,岩石内部微破裂开始向破坏面集聚,声发射空间分维D下降幅度明显增大;声发射空间分维恰当地表征了声发射事件空间分布的复杂程度。研究结论揭示了岩石声发射事件空间分布的分形特征,室内试验结果与文献对岩爆研究结果相吻合,可为现场监测应用提供理论指导。
The granite samples collected from the underground powerhouse of Pubugou Hydropower Station were tested on MTS815 Flex Test GT rock mechanics test system under uniaxial compression condition.During the whole test process,the acoustic emission events were monitored by PCI-2 based AE system.Based on the cylinder-covering spatial fractal model,the spatial distribution features of AE events and the changing law of spatial fractal dimensions at different stress levels were studied.The experimental results showed that there are little AE events at low stress stage.The AE events become gradually active as the stress increasing and the cumulative number of AE events raises exponentially when the stress is close to the peak strength.The fractal dimension values gradually decrease from 3 to 2 with the increase of stress and reach the minimum value when the loading is equal to the peak strength.At the later stage of elastic deformation,the spatial fractal dimension values decrease obviously with the microcracks in granite sample gathering in the nearby field of failure surface.The complexity of AE events spatial distribution can be characterized properly by its fractal dimension,and these results agree with the research results of rock burst in references.
The granite samples collected from the underground powerhouse of Pubugou Hydropower Station were tested on MTS815 Flex Test GT rock mechanics test system under uniaxial compression condition.During the whole test process,the acoustic emission events were monitored by PCI-2 based AE system.Based on the cylinder-covering spatial fractal model,the spatial distribution features of AE events and the changing law of spatial fractal dimensions at different stress levels were studied.The experimental results showed that there are little AE events at low stress stage.The AE events become gradually active as the stress increasing and the cumulative number of AE events raises exponentially when the stress is close to the peak strength.The fractal dimension values gradually decrease from 3 to 2 with the increase of stress and reach the minimum value when the loading is equal to the peak strength.At the later stage of elastic deformation,the spatial fractal dimension values decrease obviously with the microcracks in granite sample gathering in the nearby field of failure surface.The complexity of AE events spatial distribution can be characterized properly by its fractal dimension,and these results agree with the research results of rock burst in references.
引文
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[2]Li Shulin,Yin Xiangang,Wang Yongjia,et al.Studies on acoustic emission characteristics of uniaxial compressive rock failure[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(15):2499-2503.[李庶林,尹贤刚,王泳嘉,等.单轴受压岩石破坏全过程声发射特征研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(15):2499-2503.]
[3]Fu Xiaomin.Experimental study on uniaxial compression deformation and acoustic emission property of typical rocks[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Technology:Science&Technology Edition,2005,32(1):17-21.[付小敏.典型岩石单轴压缩变形及声发射特性试验研究[J].成都理工大学学报:自然科学版:2005,32(1):17-21.]
[4]Zhao Xingdong,Li Yuanhui,Yuan Ruifu,et al.Study on crack dynamic propagation process of rock samples based on acoustic emission location[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(5):944-950.[赵兴东,李元辉,袁瑞甫,等.基于声发射定位的岩石裂纹动态演化过程研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(5):944-950.]
[5]Zhao Xingdong,Li Yuanhui,Liu Jianpo,et al.Study on rock failure process based on acoustic emission and its location technique[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics andEngineering,2008,27(5):990-995.[赵兴东,李元辉,刘建坡,等.基于声发射及其定位技术的岩石破裂过程研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(5):990-995.]
[6]Saillard M,Maystre D.Scattering from random rough surfaces:a beam simulation method[J].J Opt(Paris),1988,19(4):173-176.
[7]Qin Siqing,Li Zaoding.Fractal study on spatial distribution of acoustic emission events of rock[J].Applied Acoustics,1992,11(4):19-21.[秦四清,李造鼎.岩石声发射事件在空间上的分形分布研究[J].应用声学,1992,11(4):19-21.]
[8]Dong Yuli,Xie Hepjng,Zhao Peng.Study on b value and fractal dimension Df of concrete under complete process compression[J].Journal of Experimental Mechanics,1996,11(3):272-276.[董毓利,谢和平,赵鹏.砼受压全过程声发射b值与分形维数的研究[J].实验力学,1996,11(3):272-276.]
[9]Gao Feng,Li Jianjun,Li Xiaoyin,et al.Fractal analysis of the characteristics of acoustic emission of rock[J].Journal of Wuhan University of Technology,2005,27(7):6769.[高峰,李建军,李肖音,等.岩石声发射特征的分形分析[J].武汉理工大学学报,2005,27(7):67-69.]
[10]Yin Xiangang,Li Shulin,Tang Haiyan.Study on strength fractal features of acoustic emission in process of rock failure[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(19):3512-3516.[尹贤刚,李庶林,唐海燕.岩石破坏声发射强度分形特征研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(19):3512-3516.]
[11]Liu Jianfeng.Research on the fundamental mechanics properties and damage evolution of Chinese bedded rock salt[D].Chengdu:Sichuan University,2008.[刘建锋.中国层状岩盐基本力学特性及损伤演化研究[D].成都:四川大学,2008.]
[12]Maystre D,Rossi J P.Implementation of a rigorous vector theory of speckle for two dimensional microrough surface[J].J Opt Soc Am A,1986,3(8):1276-1282.
[13]谢和平.分形-岩石力学导论[M].北京:科学出版社,1996.
[14]Chen Yong.Discussion on some scientific issues in earthquake prediction[J].Earthquake Research in China,1988,4(2):1-8.[陈颙.地震预报中几个科学问题的讨论[J].中国地震,1988,4(2):1-8.]
[15]Chen Yong,Yu Xiaohong.Acoustic emission of rock specimen in deforming process[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,1984,27(4):392-401.[陈颙,于小红.岩石样品变形时的声发射[J].地球物理学报,1984,27(4):392-401.]
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