提高煤矿微震定位精度的最优通道个数的选取
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摘要
根据煤矿实际条件和震动波传播特点,建立了最优通道个数的确定原则,构建了用于定位精度评价模型中P波波速和P波到时标记精度的方差函数,符合两个参数随距离、纵波幅值阻尼系数和纵波波速变异系数增大而波动性增强的特点。现场数值试验结果表明:当震源激发探头个数足够多时,不断地增加定位通道个数并不能有效提高震源的定位精度,在台网布设较优时,6个通道就可以保证震源的定位精度;台网布设较差区域对误差的抵抗能力较弱,增加探头反而降低震源定位精度;提高震源定位精度,应首先从优化台网布设入手,然后再利用最优通道个数选取原则确定最优通道个数。
Based on the practical conditions of coal mine and the characteristics of propagation of seismic wave,a principle was built to choose the optimal channel numbers,and for evaluation of location accuracy,two variance functions in the evaluation model were constructed to describe the increased fluctuations of P wave velocity and the marked first arrival time with the increase of distance between source and station,P wave amplitude damping coefficient and coefficient of variation of P wave velocity.The results of numerical calculations from situation show that:when a lot of channels receive the signals released by big tremor,it is not effective to improve the location accuracy by constantly adding channels,for good network configuration,six channels can keep the high location accuracy.The low robustness exist in bad network configuration lead to the decreasing of location accuracy by adding channels.In order to improve location accuracy,first the network should be optimized and then the optimal channel numbers can be got by the principle.
Based on the practical conditions of coal mine and the characteristics of propagation of seismic wave,a principle was built to choose the optimal channel numbers,and for evaluation of location accuracy,two variance functions in the evaluation model were constructed to describe the increased fluctuations of P wave velocity and the marked first arrival time with the increase of distance between source and station,P wave amplitude damping coefficient and coefficient of variation of P wave velocity.The results of numerical calculations from situation show that:when a lot of channels receive the signals released by big tremor,it is not effective to improve the location accuracy by constantly adding channels,for good network configuration,six channels can keep the high location accuracy.The low robustness exist in bad network configuration lead to the decreasing of location accuracy by adding channels.In order to improve location accuracy,first the network should be optimized and then the optimal channel numbers can be got by the principle.
引文
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[13]Kijko A.Seismological outliers:L1or Adaptive Lpnorm application[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America.,1994,84(2):473-477.
[14]Lurka Adam,Swanson Peter.Improvements in seismic event loca-tions in a deep western U.S.coal mine using tomographic velocitymodels and an evolutionary search algorithm[J].Mining Scienceand Technology,2009,19(5):599-603.
[15]陈炳瑞,冯夏庭,李庶林,等.基于粒子群算法的岩体微震源分层定位方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(4):740-749.Chen Bingrui,Feng Xiating,Li Shulin,et al.Microseism source lo-cation with hierarchical strategy based on particle swarm optimiza-tion[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(4):740-749.
[16]林峰,李庶林,薛云亮,等.基于不同初值的微震源定位方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(5):996-1 002.Lin Feng,Li Shulin,Xue Yunliang,et al.Microseismic sources lo-cation methods based on different initial values[J].Chinese Journalof Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(5):996-1 002.
[17]Auger A,Hansen N.Performance evaluation of an advanced localsearch evolutionary algorithm[A].The 2005 IEEE Congress on Ev-olutionary Computation[C].IEEE Press,2005:1 777-1 784.
[2]Gibowicz S J,Kijko A.矿山地震学引论[M].修济刚,译.北京:地震出版社,1996.
[3]Cao Anye,Dou Linming,Chen Guoxiang,et al.Focal mechanismcaused by fracture or burst of a coal pillar[J].Journal of China Uni-versity of Mining&Technology,2008,18(2):153-158.
[4]曹安业,窦林名,秦玉红,等.高应力区微震监测信号特征分析[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2007,24(2):146-149.Cao Anye,Dou Linming,Qin Yuhong,et al.Characteristic of micro-seismic monitoring signal in high stressed zone[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2007,24(2):146-149.
[5]李志华,窦林名,管向清,等.矿震前兆分区监测方法及应用[J].煤炭学报,2009,34(5):614-618.Li Zhihua,Dou Linming,Guan Xiangqing,et al.Azoning monitoringmethod of microseismic premonition and its application[J].Journalof China Coal Society,2009,34(5):614-618.
[6]陆菜平,窦林名,王耀峰,等.坚硬顶板诱发煤体冲击破坏的微震效应[J].地球物理学报,2010,53(2):450-456.Lu Caiping,Dou Linming,Wang Yaofeng,et al.Microseismic effectof coal materials rockburst failure induced by hard roof[J].ChineseJournal of Geophysics,2010,53(2):450-456.
[7]Mendecki A J.Seismic monitoring in mines[M].London:Chapmanand Hall Press,1997.
[8]Sato Y,Skoko D.Optimumdistribution of seismic observation points.II[J].Bull.of Earthquake Res.Inst.,1965,43:451-457.
[9]Kijko A.An algorithm for optimum distribution of a regional seismicnetwork-I[J].Pageoph.,1977,115:999-1 009.
[10]Kijko A.An algorithm for the optimum distribution of a regionalseismic network-II.An analysis of the accuracy of location of localearthquakes depending on the number of seismic stations[J].Pa-geoph.,1977,115:1 011-1 021.
[11]AAC Research and Development Services.Amethod for the optimaldesign of mine seismic networks in respect to location errors and itsapplication[R].AAC Research and Development Service,RockMechanics Department,1986:56.
[12]巩思园,窦林名,曹安业,等.煤矿微震监测台网优化布设研究[J].地球物理学报,2010,53(2):457-465.Gong Siyuan,Dou Linming,Cao Anye,et al.Study on optimal con-figuration of seismological observation network for coal mine[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2010,53(2):457-465.
[13]Kijko A.Seismological outliers:L1or Adaptive Lpnorm application[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America.,1994,84(2):473-477.
[14]Lurka Adam,Swanson Peter.Improvements in seismic event loca-tions in a deep western U.S.coal mine using tomographic velocitymodels and an evolutionary search algorithm[J].Mining Scienceand Technology,2009,19(5):599-603.
[15]陈炳瑞,冯夏庭,李庶林,等.基于粒子群算法的岩体微震源分层定位方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(4):740-749.Chen Bingrui,Feng Xiating,Li Shulin,et al.Microseism source lo-cation with hierarchical strategy based on particle swarm optimiza-tion[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(4):740-749.
[16]林峰,李庶林,薛云亮,等.基于不同初值的微震源定位方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(5):996-1 002.Lin Feng,Li Shulin,Xue Yunliang,et al.Microseismic sources lo-cation methods based on different initial values[J].Chinese Journalof Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(5):996-1 002.
[17]Auger A,Hansen N.Performance evaluation of an advanced localsearch evolutionary algorithm[A].The 2005 IEEE Congress on Ev-olutionary Computation[C].IEEE Press,2005:1 777-1 784.
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