顶板岩层对冲击矿压的影响规律研究
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摘要
采用模拟试验方法研究了顶板岩层对煤体应力状态的影响,并根据震动能量对煤体的破坏效应和在岩体中的传播衰减规律,从能量角度分析了煤层上方不同厚度和强度的顶板岩层对煤体冲击的影响程度.结果表明,顶板释放的能量与岩层强度呈对数关系、与顶板厚度呈指数关系,坚硬、厚层顶板岩层会对煤体产生更为强烈的扰动,使冲击矿压危险性明显升高.另外,具有一定厚度和强度且距离煤层较近的老顶岩层运动产生的冲击载荷对煤体的影响作用较大.某矿一个工作面的冲击矿压防治工程实践表明,对该煤层上方的顶板岩层实施爆破弱化处理技术措施后,可有效降低工作面回采过程中的冲击危险性.
The influence of the roof stratum on the stress state of a coal mass was studied by simulation methods.The attenuation of seismic waves through the rock mass,and the damage from the action of seismic energy on the coal mass,was treated by considering the energy of the waves.The danger of rock burst was analyzed by considering roof strata of different thicknesses and strengths.The energy released during roof rupture is logarithmically related to the roof stratum strength and exponentially related to its thickness.A harder and thicker roof stratum generates higher dynamic stresses on the coal mass and increases the danger of rock burst.Strata of a particular thickness and strength located near the coal seam often have greater influence on rock burst.Control practices at the working face of one coal mine suggested pre-splitting the roof strata above the coal seam by blasting can reduce the danger of rock burst.
The influence of the roof stratum on the stress state of a coal mass was studied by simulation methods.The attenuation of seismic waves through the rock mass,and the damage from the action of seismic energy on the coal mass,was treated by considering the energy of the waves.The danger of rock burst was analyzed by considering roof strata of different thicknesses and strengths.The energy released during roof rupture is logarithmically related to the roof stratum strength and exponentially related to its thickness.A harder and thicker roof stratum generates higher dynamic stresses on the coal mass and increases the danger of rock burst.Strata of a particular thickness and strength located near the coal seam often have greater influence on rock burst.Control practices at the working face of one coal mine suggested pre-splitting the roof strata above the coal seam by blasting can reduce the danger of rock burst.
引文
[1]窦林名,何学秋.冲击矿压防治理论与技术[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2001.
[2]齐庆新,窦林名.冲击地压理论与技术[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2008.
[3]GOSZCZ,ANTONI.Roof rock bursts and ways to combat them[J].Archi wum Gornictwa,1991,36(3):239-261.
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[10]高明仕,窦林名,张农,等.冲击矿压巷道围岩控制的强弱强力学模型及其应用分析[J].岩土力学,2008,29(2):359-364.GAO Ming-shi,DOU Lin-ming,ZHANG Nong,et al.Strong-soft-strong mechanical model for control-ling roadway surrounding rock subjected to rock burst andits application[J].Rock and Soil Mechan-ics,2008,29(2):359-364.
[11]牛滨华.地震波传播理论与应用:半空间介质与地震波传播[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2002.
[12]赵阳升.岩体动力破坏的最小能量原理[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(11):1781-1783.ZHAO Yang-sheng,FENG Zeng-chao,WAN Zhi-jun.Least energy principle of dynamical failure of rock mass[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(11):1781-1783.
[13]马晓青.冲击动力学[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社,1992.
[14]孙振武,代进,杨春苗,等.矿山井巷和采场冲击地压危险性的弹性能判据[J].煤炭学报,2007,32(8):794-798.SUN Zhen-wu,DAI Jin,YANG Chun-miao,et al.Elastic energy criterion of rock burst in road way and coal face of mine[J].Journal of China Coal So-ciety,2007,32(8):794-798.
[2]齐庆新,窦林名.冲击地压理论与技术[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2008.
[3]GOSZCZ,ANTONI.Roof rock bursts and ways to combat them[J].Archi wum Gornictwa,1991,36(3):239-261.
[4]HUWE.Untersuchung der geologischen Einflussfak-toren auf die Gebirgsschlaggefahr[J].Glueckauf For-schungshefte,1998,59(3):72-76.
[5]钱鸣高,缪协兴,许家林,等.岩层控制的关键层理论[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2002.
[6]牟宗龙,窦林名,张广文,等.坚硬顶板型冲击矿压灾害防治研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2006,35(6):737-741.MU Zong-long,DOU Lin-ming,ZHANG Guang-wen,et al.Study of prevention methods of rock burst disaster caused by hard rock roof[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2006,35(6):737-741.
[7]李希勇,张修峰.典型深部重大冲击地压事故原因分析及防治对策[J].煤炭科学技术,2003,31(2):15-17.LI Xi-yong,ZHANG Xiu-feng.Accident cause anal-ysis and prevention measures of typical deep mine heavy pressure bump[J].Coal Science and Technolo-gy,2003,31(2):15-17.
[8]王慧明.三河尖煤矿冲击矿压的特点及治理[J].矿山压力与顶板管理,2004,20(3):115-117.WANG Hui-ming.The characteristics and prevention of rock burst in Sanhejian coal mine[J].Ground Pressure and Strata Control,2004,20(3):115-117.
[9]窦林名,何学秋,王恩元,等.冲击矿压与震动的机理及预报研究[J].矿山压力与顶板管理,1999,15(增1):199-203.DOU Ling-ming,HE Xue-qiu,WANG En-yuan,et al.The mechanism of rock burst and seismic waves and its preventation[J].Ground Pressure and Strata Control,1999,15(Supp1):199-203.
[10]高明仕,窦林名,张农,等.冲击矿压巷道围岩控制的强弱强力学模型及其应用分析[J].岩土力学,2008,29(2):359-364.GAO Ming-shi,DOU Lin-ming,ZHANG Nong,et al.Strong-soft-strong mechanical model for control-ling roadway surrounding rock subjected to rock burst andits application[J].Rock and Soil Mechan-ics,2008,29(2):359-364.
[11]牛滨华.地震波传播理论与应用:半空间介质与地震波传播[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2002.
[12]赵阳升.岩体动力破坏的最小能量原理[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(11):1781-1783.ZHAO Yang-sheng,FENG Zeng-chao,WAN Zhi-jun.Least energy principle of dynamical failure of rock mass[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(11):1781-1783.
[13]马晓青.冲击动力学[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社,1992.
[14]孙振武,代进,杨春苗,等.矿山井巷和采场冲击地压危险性的弹性能判据[J].煤炭学报,2007,32(8):794-798.SUN Zhen-wu,DAI Jin,YANG Chun-miao,et al.Elastic energy criterion of rock burst in road way and coal face of mine[J].Journal of China Coal So-ciety,2007,32(8):794-798.
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