循环荷载作用下高温-高含冰量冻土特性试验研究
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摘要
为了研究高温-高含冰量冻土这种极不稳定土体的动力学特性,开展了固结围压为0.3、0.5、1.0、3.0、5.0MPa,控制温度为-0.5、-1.0、-2.0、-4.0℃、初始含水率为50%的高含冰量青藏线重塑冻土的动三轴试验。根据试验结果,提出了用广义的双曲线模型来描述动应力-应变关系,并且给出了模型参数预报关系式;基于动弹性模量和轴向应变之间的非线性关系,提出σ3=0.5MPa为临界围压。当围压大于0.5MPa时,动弹性模量随着动应变的增大呈减小的趋势;当围压小于0.5MPa时,动弹性模量随着动应变先增大后又减小;此外,动阻尼比随应变幅值和围压的增大而增大,随着温度的降低,动阻尼比变小。
In order to study the dynamic characteristics of warm and ice-rich frozen soil with the instability,a series of dynamic triaxial compressive tests on frozen clay of Qinghai-Tibet Railway,with the corresponding volumetric water content 50%,were conducted. Confining pressures are 0.3,0.5,1.0,3.0,5.0 MPa and temperatures are -0.5,-1.0,-2.0,-4.0℃. According to the tests results,the general hyperbolic model is proposed to describe the stress-strain relationships; and the prediction relationships of their parameters are provided. Based on the nonlinear relationship between dynamic elastic modulus and axial strain,the critical confining stress is figured out. The dynamic modulus decreases as the dynamic strain increases when the confining pressure is larger than 0.5 MPa. The dynamic modulus increases at first and then decreases as the dynamic strain increases when the confining pressure is below 0.5 MPa. Moreover,the damping ratio increases with increasing of shear strain amplitude or confining pressure; and with the decrease of temperature,the damping ratio becomes small.
In order to study the dynamic characteristics of warm and ice-rich frozen soil with the instability,a series of dynamic triaxial compressive tests on frozen clay of Qinghai-Tibet Railway,with the corresponding volumetric water content 50%,were conducted. Confining pressures are 0.3,0.5,1.0,3.0,5.0 MPa and temperatures are -0.5,-1.0,-2.0,-4.0℃. According to the tests results,the general hyperbolic model is proposed to describe the stress-strain relationships; and the prediction relationships of their parameters are provided. Based on the nonlinear relationship between dynamic elastic modulus and axial strain,the critical confining stress is figured out. The dynamic modulus decreases as the dynamic strain increases when the confining pressure is larger than 0.5 MPa. The dynamic modulus increases at first and then decreases as the dynamic strain increases when the confining pressure is below 0.5 MPa. Moreover,the damping ratio increases with increasing of shear strain amplitude or confining pressure; and with the decrease of temperature,the damping ratio becomes small.
引文
[1]吴志坚.温度对动荷载作用下冻土动力特性影响的试验研究[硕士学位论文D].兰州:兰州地震研究所,2002.
[2]王丽霞.冻土动力性能与冻土场地路基地震反应研究[博士学位论文D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2005.
[3]CHAICHANAVONG T.Dynamic properties of ice and frozen clay under cyclic triaxial loading conditiond[D].Michigan:Michigan State Univ.,East Lansing.Dep.of Civil and Sanitary Engineering,1976.
[4]LI J C,BALADI G Y,ANDERSLAND O B.Cyclic triaxial tests on frozen sang[J].Engineering Geology,1979,13(2):233-246.
[5]VINSON T S,LI J C,et al.Dynamic properties of frozen sand under simulated earthquake loading conditions[C]//Proceedings of the Seventh World Conference on Earthquake Engineering.Istanbul:Turkish National Committee on Earthquake Engineering,1980:225-240.
[6]VINSON T S,WILSON C R,BOLANDER P.Dynamic properties of naturally frozen silt[C]//Proceedings of Fourth International Conference on Permafrost.Washington D C:National Academy Press,1983:469-481.
[7]何平.饱和冻结粉土的动力特性[D].兰州:中国科学院兰州冰川冻土研究所,1992.
[8]朱元林,何平,张家懿,等.冻土在振动荷载下的三轴蠕变模型[J].自然科学进展,1998,8(1):60-62.ZHU Yuan-lin,HE Ping,ZHANG Jia-yi,et al.Triaxial creep model of frozen soil under dynamic loading[J].Progress in Natural Science,1998,8(1):60-62.
[9]沈忠言,张家懿.振动荷载下冻土破坏要素的特点及单轴动强度模型[C]//第五届全国冰川冻土学论文集.兰州:甘肃文化出版社,1996:741-746.
[10]王大雁,朱元林,赵淑萍,等.超声波法测定冻土动弹性力学参数试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2002,24(5):612-615.WANG Da-yan,ZHU Yuan-lin,ZHAO Shu-ping,et al.Study on experimental determination of the dynamic lastic mechanicalparameters of frozen soi l by ultrasonic technique[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2002,24(5):612-615.
[11]赵淑萍.冻土的动荷载响应分析[硕士学位论文D].兰州:中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,2003.
[12]铁道第一勘察设计院.青藏铁路多年冻土区工程勘察暂行规定[S].兰州:铁道第一勘察设计院,2001.
[13]马巍,程国栋,吴青柏.解决青藏铁路建设中冻土工程问题的思路与思考[J].科技导报,2005,23(1):23-28.MA Wei,CHENG Guo-dong,WU Qing-bai.Thoughts on solving frozen soil engineering problems in the construction of Qinghai-Tibet railroad[J].Science and Review Technology,2005,23(1):23-28.
[14]马小杰,张建明,常小晓,等.高温-高含冰量冻结黏土强度试验研究[J].岩土力学,2008,29(9):2498-2502.MA Xiao-jie,ZHANG Jian-ming,CHANG Xiao-xiao,et al.Experimental research on strength of warm and ice-rich frozen clays[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2008,29(9):2498-2502.
[15]LAI YUANMING,LI SHUANGYANG,QI JILIN,et al.Strength distributions of warm frozen clay and its stochastic damage constitutive model[J].Cold Regions Science and Technology,2008,53(2):200-215.
[16]马小杰,张建明,郑波,等.青藏铁路路基下高温-高含冰量冻土旁压试验研究[J].岩土力学,2008,29(3):764-768.MA Xiao-jie,ZHANG Jian-ming,ZHENG Bo,et al.Study warm and ice-rich permafrost beneath Qinghai-Tibet railway embankment with pressionmeter[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2008,29(3):764-768.
[17]SEED H B,IDRISS I M.Simplified procedure for evaluation soil liquefaction potential[J].J.Soil.Mech.Found Div.,ASCE,1971,97(SM9):1249-1273.
[18]LI J,DING D W.Nonlinear elastic behavior of fiber-reinforced soil under cyclic loading[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2002,22(11):977-983.
[19]ESTELLE D R,IRINI D M,RICHARD C.Shear modulus and damping ratio of grouted sand[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2004,24(6):461-471.
[20]沈忠言,张家懿.围压对冻结粉土动力特性的影响[J].冰川冻土,1997,19(3):245-251.SHENG Zhong-yan,ZHANG Jia-yi.Effect of confining pressure on the dynamic features of frozen silt[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,1997,19(3):245-251.
[2]王丽霞.冻土动力性能与冻土场地路基地震反应研究[博士学位论文D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2005.
[3]CHAICHANAVONG T.Dynamic properties of ice and frozen clay under cyclic triaxial loading conditiond[D].Michigan:Michigan State Univ.,East Lansing.Dep.of Civil and Sanitary Engineering,1976.
[4]LI J C,BALADI G Y,ANDERSLAND O B.Cyclic triaxial tests on frozen sang[J].Engineering Geology,1979,13(2):233-246.
[5]VINSON T S,LI J C,et al.Dynamic properties of frozen sand under simulated earthquake loading conditions[C]//Proceedings of the Seventh World Conference on Earthquake Engineering.Istanbul:Turkish National Committee on Earthquake Engineering,1980:225-240.
[6]VINSON T S,WILSON C R,BOLANDER P.Dynamic properties of naturally frozen silt[C]//Proceedings of Fourth International Conference on Permafrost.Washington D C:National Academy Press,1983:469-481.
[7]何平.饱和冻结粉土的动力特性[D].兰州:中国科学院兰州冰川冻土研究所,1992.
[8]朱元林,何平,张家懿,等.冻土在振动荷载下的三轴蠕变模型[J].自然科学进展,1998,8(1):60-62.ZHU Yuan-lin,HE Ping,ZHANG Jia-yi,et al.Triaxial creep model of frozen soil under dynamic loading[J].Progress in Natural Science,1998,8(1):60-62.
[9]沈忠言,张家懿.振动荷载下冻土破坏要素的特点及单轴动强度模型[C]//第五届全国冰川冻土学论文集.兰州:甘肃文化出版社,1996:741-746.
[10]王大雁,朱元林,赵淑萍,等.超声波法测定冻土动弹性力学参数试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2002,24(5):612-615.WANG Da-yan,ZHU Yuan-lin,ZHAO Shu-ping,et al.Study on experimental determination of the dynamic lastic mechanicalparameters of frozen soi l by ultrasonic technique[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2002,24(5):612-615.
[11]赵淑萍.冻土的动荷载响应分析[硕士学位论文D].兰州:中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,2003.
[12]铁道第一勘察设计院.青藏铁路多年冻土区工程勘察暂行规定[S].兰州:铁道第一勘察设计院,2001.
[13]马巍,程国栋,吴青柏.解决青藏铁路建设中冻土工程问题的思路与思考[J].科技导报,2005,23(1):23-28.MA Wei,CHENG Guo-dong,WU Qing-bai.Thoughts on solving frozen soil engineering problems in the construction of Qinghai-Tibet railroad[J].Science and Review Technology,2005,23(1):23-28.
[14]马小杰,张建明,常小晓,等.高温-高含冰量冻结黏土强度试验研究[J].岩土力学,2008,29(9):2498-2502.MA Xiao-jie,ZHANG Jian-ming,CHANG Xiao-xiao,et al.Experimental research on strength of warm and ice-rich frozen clays[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2008,29(9):2498-2502.
[15]LAI YUANMING,LI SHUANGYANG,QI JILIN,et al.Strength distributions of warm frozen clay and its stochastic damage constitutive model[J].Cold Regions Science and Technology,2008,53(2):200-215.
[16]马小杰,张建明,郑波,等.青藏铁路路基下高温-高含冰量冻土旁压试验研究[J].岩土力学,2008,29(3):764-768.MA Xiao-jie,ZHANG Jian-ming,ZHENG Bo,et al.Study warm and ice-rich permafrost beneath Qinghai-Tibet railway embankment with pressionmeter[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2008,29(3):764-768.
[17]SEED H B,IDRISS I M.Simplified procedure for evaluation soil liquefaction potential[J].J.Soil.Mech.Found Div.,ASCE,1971,97(SM9):1249-1273.
[18]LI J,DING D W.Nonlinear elastic behavior of fiber-reinforced soil under cyclic loading[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2002,22(11):977-983.
[19]ESTELLE D R,IRINI D M,RICHARD C.Shear modulus and damping ratio of grouted sand[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2004,24(6):461-471.
[20]沈忠言,张家懿.围压对冻结粉土动力特性的影响[J].冰川冻土,1997,19(3):245-251.SHENG Zhong-yan,ZHANG Jia-yi.Effect of confining pressure on the dynamic features of frozen silt[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,1997,19(3):245-251.
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