堰塞坝泄流冲刷试验研究
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摘要
考虑到堰塞坝不同内坡坡度和不同坝体级配对溃坝过程的影响,设计了11组溃坝试验进行研究,根据对溃坝过程的摄影记录,观测到溃坝过程的四个阶段,其中阶段Ⅲ的坝体侵蚀最为剧烈,阶段Ⅰ内坡被侵蚀,阶段Ⅱ溃口顶部被侵蚀,阶段Ⅲ外坡被侵蚀,阶段Ⅳ坝体形态达到稳定,库区水位逐渐达到恒定值;运用WYG-Ⅱ型水位测量系统,得到整个溃坝过程水库的实时水位数据,试验结果表明:内坡坡度越大,溃坝洪峰流量越大;不均匀系数越大,溃坝洪峰流量由于绕流掀沙现象的存在反而增大,而后随着粗沙越多,细沙隐蔽作用突出,溃坝洪峰流量减小。
Seven dam break experiments were designed,with different inner slopes and gradation of grain building dam,to study the effect of conditions on the process of dam break.According to photography of dam break,four stages were observed,and the flow erosion of dam body was the most intense in stage Ⅲ.In stage Ⅰ,inner slope was eroded.In stage Ⅱ,the top of the breach was eroded.In stage Ⅲ,outer slope was eroded,and in stage Ⅳ,the shape of the dam body kept steadily and water level of reservoir gradually came to the constant.Using the WYG-Ⅱwater level measurement system,the real-time water lever data of the reservoir were obtained.The result of the experiments indicated that the peak discharge of dam break increases with theincrease of inner slope.If the nonuniformity coefficient is bigger,the peak discharge of dam break increases at first because of lee erosion,but decreases at last because of the conceal function.
Seven dam break experiments were designed,with different inner slopes and gradation of grain building dam,to study the effect of conditions on the process of dam break.According to photography of dam break,four stages were observed,and the flow erosion of dam body was the most intense in stage Ⅲ.In stage Ⅰ,inner slope was eroded.In stage Ⅱ,the top of the breach was eroded.In stage Ⅲ,outer slope was eroded,and in stage Ⅳ,the shape of the dam body kept steadily and water level of reservoir gradually came to the constant.Using the WYG-Ⅱwater level measurement system,the real-time water lever data of the reservoir were obtained.The result of the experiments indicated that the peak discharge of dam break increases with theincrease of inner slope.If the nonuniformity coefficient is bigger,the peak discharge of dam break increases at first because of lee erosion,but decreases at last because of the conceal function.
引文
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[3]Zhang Xibing,Lu Jinyou,Fan Beilin,et al.Numerical sim-ulation of dam-break flood routing and releasing process of Tangjiashan Weir Dam[J].Yangtze River,2008,39(22):76-78.[张细兵,卢金友,范北林,等.唐家山堰塞坝溃坝洪水演进及下泄过程复演[J].人民长江,2008,39(22):76-78.]
[4]Zhou Yongwei,Fan Beilin,Lu Jinyou,et al.Simulation of scour and analysis on dam-break flood of Tangjiashan Weir Dam[J].Yangtze River,2008,39(22):79-82.[朱勇辉,范北林,卢金友,等.唐家山堰塞坝溃坝洪水分析及泄流冲刷模拟[J].人民长江,2008,39(22):79-82.]
[5]Zhou Yongwei,Yang Xingguo,Li Hongtao,et al.Risk-elimination techniques and management of Earthquake Lakes[J].Journal of Sichuan University:Engineering Science Edition,2009,41(3):96-101.[周宏伟,杨兴国,李洪涛,等.地震堰塞湖排险技术与治理保护[J].四川大学学报:工程科学版,2009,41(3):96-101.]
[6]Yang Fengguang,Liu Xingnian,Huang Er,et al.Study on the incipient velocity of Tangjiashan Barrier Lake Down-stream Area Sediment[J].Journal of Sichuan University:Engineering Science Edition,2009,41(3):84-89.[杨奉广,刘兴年,黄尔,等.唐家山堰塞湖下游河床泥沙起动流速研究[J].四川大学学报:工程科学版,2009,41(3):84-89.]
[7]Li Yun,Li Jun.Review of experimental study on dam-break[J].Advances in Water Science,2009,20(2):304-310.[李云,李君.溃坝模型试验研究综述[J].水科学进展,2009,20(2):304-310.]
[8]Zhu Yonghui,Liao Hongzhi,Wu Zhongru.The earth-dam-break model and its development[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2003(2):32-38.[朱勇辉,廖鸿志,吴中如.土坝溃决模型及其发展[J].水力发电学报,2003(2):32-38.]
[9]Visser P J,Zhu Yonghui.Model for breach growth in non-cohesive soil dikes[J].Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,2003,20(3):35-38.[Visser P J,朱勇辉.无粘性土堤的溃堤模型[J].长江科学院院报,2003,20(3):35-38.]
[10]Visser P J.Breach growth in sand-dikes[D].Delft University of Technology,Delf,the Netherlands,1998.
[11]Zhu Yonghui.Breach growth in clay-dikes[D].Delft University of Technology,Delf,the Netherlands,2006.
[12]Zhang Genguang.An experiment study on the form of headwater erosion in reservoir[J].Journal of Sediment Research,1993(3):86-94.[张跟广.水库溯源冲刷模式初探[J].泥沙研究,1993(3):86-94.]
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