预裂爆破震动效应试验研究
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摘要
为研究预裂爆破震动效应,在山东石岛湾核电站基坑进行多次爆破和声波测试试验,得到场地爆破震动衰减规律和爆孔下卧基岩的损伤范围。试验结果表明,岩性相同时,基岩损伤深度随最大段药量的增加而线性增加,随质点峰值震动速度增加而呈指数增加;离爆源越近,岩体受损程度越大;预裂爆破对爆孔上部岩体影响较大。同时,在试验的基础上,建立距爆源30 m处质点峰值震动速度与对应爆破影响下卧基岩深度的函数关系,进而确定以质点峰值震动速度为参考指标的预裂爆破安全控制标准,并在基坑边坡爆破中验证该控制标准的有效性。
In order to study the vibration effect of presplit blasting,blasting vibration and sound wave tests are conducted in the foundation pit of Shidao Bay Nuclear Power Station in Shandong Province,China.Based on the change rate of sound wave velocity before and after blasting,damage depth of bedrock is determined.The attenuation law of site blasting vibration is obtained through in-situ test.The test results indicate that,under the same lithology the bedrock damage depth increases linearly with maximum charge weight per delay interval,and increases exponentially with the increase in peak particle vibration velocity.The degree of rock mass damage increases with the reduction in distance from explosion source.Presplit blasting mainly affects the upper part of rock mass.Furthermore,based on field test,the relationship between damage depth of bedrock caused by blasting and peak particle vibration velocity of rock mass 30 m away from explosion source is established;and peak particle vibration velocity is adopted as the reference parameter to be the safety control standard of presplit blasting excavation.It is shown that the controlling method effectively ensures safety of rock mass under presplit blasting excavation in foundation pit slope.
In order to study the vibration effect of presplit blasting,blasting vibration and sound wave tests are conducted in the foundation pit of Shidao Bay Nuclear Power Station in Shandong Province,China.Based on the change rate of sound wave velocity before and after blasting,damage depth of bedrock is determined.The attenuation law of site blasting vibration is obtained through in-situ test.The test results indicate that,under the same lithology the bedrock damage depth increases linearly with maximum charge weight per delay interval,and increases exponentially with the increase in peak particle vibration velocity.The degree of rock mass damage increases with the reduction in distance from explosion source.Presplit blasting mainly affects the upper part of rock mass.Furthermore,based on field test,the relationship between damage depth of bedrock caused by blasting and peak particle vibration velocity of rock mass 30 m away from explosion source is established;and peak particle vibration velocity is adopted as the reference parameter to be the safety control standard of presplit blasting excavation.It is shown that the controlling method effectively ensures safety of rock mass under presplit blasting excavation in foundation pit slope.
引文
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[4]卢文川,庄世勇,高洪亮.爆破震动危害的控制[J].矿业工程,2004,2(3):35–37.(LU Wenchuan,ZHUANG Shiyong,GAO Hongliang.Reducing of damage caused by blasting activities[J].Mining Engineering,2004,2(3):35–37.(in Chinese))
[5]王玉杰,梁开水,田新邦.周宁水电站地下厂房开挖爆破地震波衰减规律的研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(22):4 111–4 114.(WANG Yujie,LIANG Kaishui,TIAN Xinbang.Study on attenuation regulation of underground digging blasting vibration of Zhouning hydropower station[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(22):4 111–4 114.(in Chinese))
[6]戴会超,朱红兵,严鹏.三峡船闸综合控制爆破技术[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(增2):4 426–4 431.(DAI Huichao,ZHU Hongbing,YAN Peng.Comprehensive controlled blasting technique for TGP shiplock[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(Supp.2):4 426–4 431.(in Chinese))
[7]BADAL R.Controlled blasting in jointed rocks[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,1994,31(1):79–84.
[8]SOEJIMA M.Analysis of the influence of crack in coke on the fracture[J].Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute of Japan,2001,87(5):245–251.
[9]邹奕芳.预裂缝和减震槽减震效果的爆破试验研究[J].爆破,2005,22(2):96–99.(ZOU Yifang.Experimental study on the vibration-isolating effect of pre-split crack and vibration-isolating slot[J].Blasting,2005,22(2):96–99.(in Chinese))
[10]张喆,王幸荣.预裂缝宽度对减振效果影响规律的数值分析[J].爆破,2006,23(3):22–24.(ZHANG Zhe,WANG Xingrong.Numerical simulation analysis of the effect of pre-splitting crack width on damping vibration[J].Blasting,2006,23(3):22–24.(in Chinese))
[11]蔡路军,马建军.预裂爆破减震机制及效果分析[J].中国矿业,2005,14(5):56–58,62.(CAI Lujun,MA Jianjun.The shock absorption mechanism and its effect analysis of pre-splitting blasting[J].China Mining Magazine,2005,14(5):56–58,62.(in Chinese))
[12]税承慧.边坡预裂爆破中的减震措施[J].采矿技术,2003,3(1):58–60.(SHUI Chenghui.Shock absorption measures of pre-splitting blasting in slope[J].Mining Technology,2003,3(1):58–60.(in Chinese))
[13]钱叶甫.光面、预裂爆破成缝原理[J].重庆大学学报(自然科学版),1994,17(1):126–130.(QIAN Yefu.The mechanism of smooth and pre-cracking blasting[J].Journal of Chongqing University(Natural Science),1994,17(1):126–130.(in Chinese))
[14]刘柳明,朱传云,李伟,等.预裂爆破轴向不耦合系数的分析计算[J].华中师范大学学报(自然科学版),2002,36(1):47–49.(LIU Liuming,ZHU Chuanyun,LI Wei,et al.Analysis and calculation in theory of axial decoupling coefficient[J].Journal of Huazhong Normal University(Natural Science),2002,36(1):47–49.(in Chinese))
[15]钟冬望,李寿贵.预裂爆破数值模拟及其应用研究[J].爆破,2001,18(3):8–11.(ZHONG Dongwang,LI Shougui.An application study on numerical simulation pre-splitting blasting[J].Blasting,2001,18(3):8–11.(in Chinese))
[16]杨溢,张智宇,庙延钢,等.灰色关联分析在预裂爆破震动分析中的应用[J].云南冶金,2001,30(5):1–3.(YANG Yi,ZHANG Zhiyu,MIAO Yangang,et al.Application of gray association analysis for analyzing vibration in pre-splitting blasting[J].Yunnan Metallurgy,2001,30(5):1–3.(in Chinese))
[17]李彬峰.爆破地震效应及其控制措施分析[J].爆破,2003,20(2):83–85.(Li Binfeng.Analysis of controlling measurement and blasting vibration effect[J].Blasting,2003,20(2):83–85.(in Chinese))
[18]张新民,舒大强.预裂爆破震动规律的试验研究[J].爆破,2001,18(3):18–20.(ZHANG Xinmin,SHU Daqiang.Experimental study on vibration law of pre-splitting blasting[J].Blasting,2001,18(3):18–20.(in Chinese))
[19]卢文波.三峡工程临时船闸与升船机开挖中的爆破方案优化和爆破振动控制[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1999,18(5):497–502.(LU Wenbo.Optimization of blasting procedure and vibration control during excavation of temporary ship lock and ship lift in Three Gorges Project[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1999,18(5):497–502.(in Chinese))
[20]杨年华.预裂爆破对边坡岩体损伤的试验研究[J].铁道学报,2008,30(3):96–99.(YANG Nianhua.Experimental study on rock damage in the slope caused by presplit blasting[J].Journal of the China Railway Society,2008,30(3):96–99.(in Chinese))
[21]中华人民共和国行业标准编写组.DL/T5389–2007水工建筑物岩石基础开挖工程施工技术规范[S].北京:中国电力出版社,2007.(The Professional Standards Compilation Group of People′s Republic of China.DL/T5389–2007 Construction technical specifications on rock foundation excavating engineering of hydraulic structures[S].Beijing:China Electric Power Press,2007.(in Chinese))
[22]卢文波,赖世骧,朱传云,等.三峡工程岩石基础开挖爆破震动控制安全标准[J].爆炸与冲击,2001,21(1):67–71.(LU Wenbo,LAI Shixiang,ZHU Chuanyun,et al.Safety standards of blast vibrations adopted in rock base excavation of Three Gorges Project[J].Explosion and Shock Waves,2001,21(1):67–71.(in Chinese))
[23]熊海华,卢文波,李小联,等.龙滩水电站右岸导流洞开挖中爆破损伤范围研究[J].岩土力学,2004,25(3):432–436.(XIONG Haihua,LU Wenbo,LI Xiaolian,et al.Study on blast-induced damage zone for excavation of diversion tunnel at right bank of Longtan Hydroelectric Project[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2004,25(3):432–436.(in Chinese))
[24]BAUER A,CALDER P N.Open pit and blast seminar[R].Kingston:Mining Engineering Department,Queens University,1978.
[25]MOJITABAI N,BEATTI S G.Empirical approach to prediction of damage in bench blasting[J].Transactions of the Institution of Mining and Metallurgy(Section A),1996,10(5):75–80.
[26]SAVELY J P.Designing a final blast to improve stability[C]//Proceedings of the SME Annual Meeting.New Orleans:[s.n.],1986:80–86.
[27]卢文波,李海波,陈明,等.水电工程爆破振动安全判据及应用中的几个关键问题[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(8):1 513–1 520.(LU Wenbo,LI Haibo,CHEN Ming,et al.Safety criteria of blasting vibration in hydropower engineering and several key problems in their application[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(8):1 513–1 520.(in Chinese))
[28]ZHANG Y Q,HAO H,LU Y.Anisotropic dynamic damage and fragmentation of rock materials under explosive loading[J].International Journal of Engineering Science,2003,41(9):917–929.
[29]夏祥,李俊如,李海波,等.广东岭澳核电站爆破开挖岩体损伤特征研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(12):2 510–2 516.(XIA Xiang,LI Junru,LI Haibo,et al.Study on damage characteristics of rock mass under blasting load in Ling′ao nuclear power station,Guangdong Province[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(12):2 510–2 516.(in Chinese))
[30]夏祥.爆炸荷载作用下岩体损伤特征及安全阈值研究[博士学位论文][D].武汉:中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所,2006.(XIA Xiang.Study of damage characteristics and safety threshold of rock vibration by blast[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Wuhan:Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,2006.(in Chinese))
[31]唐海.地形地貌对爆破振动波影响的试验和理论研究[博士学位论文][D].武汉:中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所,2007.(TANG Hai.Field experimental and theoretical study on blasting wave propagation characteristics under different terrains[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Wuhan:Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,2007.(in Chinese))
[32]谢冰,李海波,刘亚群,等.宁德核电站核岛基坑爆破开挖安全控制研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(8):1 571–1 578.(XIE Bing,LI Haibo,LIU Yaqun,et al.Study of safety control of foundation pit excavation by blasting in Ningde nuclear power plant[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(8):1 571–1 578.(in Chinese))
[2]张树堂,李茂林,傅盛国,等.大连三道沟山体预裂爆破降震效果[J].东北地震研究,1997,13(1):59–63.(ZHANG Shutang,LI Maolin,FU Shengguo,et al.Shocking reduction by pre-split demolition of Sandaogou hill body[J].Seismological Research of Northeast China,1997,13(1):59–63.(in Chinese))
[3]张志呈,肖正学,张渝疆,等.工程爆破地震波的裂隙效应[J].西南科技大学学报,2004,19(3):57–60.(ZHANG Zhicheng,XIAO Zhengxue,ZHANG Yujiang,et al.The crack effect of the earthquake wave from the engineering blasting[J].Journal of Southwest University of Science and Technology,2004,19(3):57–60.(in Chinese))
[4]卢文川,庄世勇,高洪亮.爆破震动危害的控制[J].矿业工程,2004,2(3):35–37.(LU Wenchuan,ZHUANG Shiyong,GAO Hongliang.Reducing of damage caused by blasting activities[J].Mining Engineering,2004,2(3):35–37.(in Chinese))
[5]王玉杰,梁开水,田新邦.周宁水电站地下厂房开挖爆破地震波衰减规律的研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(22):4 111–4 114.(WANG Yujie,LIANG Kaishui,TIAN Xinbang.Study on attenuation regulation of underground digging blasting vibration of Zhouning hydropower station[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(22):4 111–4 114.(in Chinese))
[6]戴会超,朱红兵,严鹏.三峡船闸综合控制爆破技术[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(增2):4 426–4 431.(DAI Huichao,ZHU Hongbing,YAN Peng.Comprehensive controlled blasting technique for TGP shiplock[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(Supp.2):4 426–4 431.(in Chinese))
[7]BADAL R.Controlled blasting in jointed rocks[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,1994,31(1):79–84.
[8]SOEJIMA M.Analysis of the influence of crack in coke on the fracture[J].Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute of Japan,2001,87(5):245–251.
[9]邹奕芳.预裂缝和减震槽减震效果的爆破试验研究[J].爆破,2005,22(2):96–99.(ZOU Yifang.Experimental study on the vibration-isolating effect of pre-split crack and vibration-isolating slot[J].Blasting,2005,22(2):96–99.(in Chinese))
[10]张喆,王幸荣.预裂缝宽度对减振效果影响规律的数值分析[J].爆破,2006,23(3):22–24.(ZHANG Zhe,WANG Xingrong.Numerical simulation analysis of the effect of pre-splitting crack width on damping vibration[J].Blasting,2006,23(3):22–24.(in Chinese))
[11]蔡路军,马建军.预裂爆破减震机制及效果分析[J].中国矿业,2005,14(5):56–58,62.(CAI Lujun,MA Jianjun.The shock absorption mechanism and its effect analysis of pre-splitting blasting[J].China Mining Magazine,2005,14(5):56–58,62.(in Chinese))
[12]税承慧.边坡预裂爆破中的减震措施[J].采矿技术,2003,3(1):58–60.(SHUI Chenghui.Shock absorption measures of pre-splitting blasting in slope[J].Mining Technology,2003,3(1):58–60.(in Chinese))
[13]钱叶甫.光面、预裂爆破成缝原理[J].重庆大学学报(自然科学版),1994,17(1):126–130.(QIAN Yefu.The mechanism of smooth and pre-cracking blasting[J].Journal of Chongqing University(Natural Science),1994,17(1):126–130.(in Chinese))
[14]刘柳明,朱传云,李伟,等.预裂爆破轴向不耦合系数的分析计算[J].华中师范大学学报(自然科学版),2002,36(1):47–49.(LIU Liuming,ZHU Chuanyun,LI Wei,et al.Analysis and calculation in theory of axial decoupling coefficient[J].Journal of Huazhong Normal University(Natural Science),2002,36(1):47–49.(in Chinese))
[15]钟冬望,李寿贵.预裂爆破数值模拟及其应用研究[J].爆破,2001,18(3):8–11.(ZHONG Dongwang,LI Shougui.An application study on numerical simulation pre-splitting blasting[J].Blasting,2001,18(3):8–11.(in Chinese))
[16]杨溢,张智宇,庙延钢,等.灰色关联分析在预裂爆破震动分析中的应用[J].云南冶金,2001,30(5):1–3.(YANG Yi,ZHANG Zhiyu,MIAO Yangang,et al.Application of gray association analysis for analyzing vibration in pre-splitting blasting[J].Yunnan Metallurgy,2001,30(5):1–3.(in Chinese))
[17]李彬峰.爆破地震效应及其控制措施分析[J].爆破,2003,20(2):83–85.(Li Binfeng.Analysis of controlling measurement and blasting vibration effect[J].Blasting,2003,20(2):83–85.(in Chinese))
[18]张新民,舒大强.预裂爆破震动规律的试验研究[J].爆破,2001,18(3):18–20.(ZHANG Xinmin,SHU Daqiang.Experimental study on vibration law of pre-splitting blasting[J].Blasting,2001,18(3):18–20.(in Chinese))
[19]卢文波.三峡工程临时船闸与升船机开挖中的爆破方案优化和爆破振动控制[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1999,18(5):497–502.(LU Wenbo.Optimization of blasting procedure and vibration control during excavation of temporary ship lock and ship lift in Three Gorges Project[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1999,18(5):497–502.(in Chinese))
[20]杨年华.预裂爆破对边坡岩体损伤的试验研究[J].铁道学报,2008,30(3):96–99.(YANG Nianhua.Experimental study on rock damage in the slope caused by presplit blasting[J].Journal of the China Railway Society,2008,30(3):96–99.(in Chinese))
[21]中华人民共和国行业标准编写组.DL/T5389–2007水工建筑物岩石基础开挖工程施工技术规范[S].北京:中国电力出版社,2007.(The Professional Standards Compilation Group of People′s Republic of China.DL/T5389–2007 Construction technical specifications on rock foundation excavating engineering of hydraulic structures[S].Beijing:China Electric Power Press,2007.(in Chinese))
[22]卢文波,赖世骧,朱传云,等.三峡工程岩石基础开挖爆破震动控制安全标准[J].爆炸与冲击,2001,21(1):67–71.(LU Wenbo,LAI Shixiang,ZHU Chuanyun,et al.Safety standards of blast vibrations adopted in rock base excavation of Three Gorges Project[J].Explosion and Shock Waves,2001,21(1):67–71.(in Chinese))
[23]熊海华,卢文波,李小联,等.龙滩水电站右岸导流洞开挖中爆破损伤范围研究[J].岩土力学,2004,25(3):432–436.(XIONG Haihua,LU Wenbo,LI Xiaolian,et al.Study on blast-induced damage zone for excavation of diversion tunnel at right bank of Longtan Hydroelectric Project[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2004,25(3):432–436.(in Chinese))
[24]BAUER A,CALDER P N.Open pit and blast seminar[R].Kingston:Mining Engineering Department,Queens University,1978.
[25]MOJITABAI N,BEATTI S G.Empirical approach to prediction of damage in bench blasting[J].Transactions of the Institution of Mining and Metallurgy(Section A),1996,10(5):75–80.
[26]SAVELY J P.Designing a final blast to improve stability[C]//Proceedings of the SME Annual Meeting.New Orleans:[s.n.],1986:80–86.
[27]卢文波,李海波,陈明,等.水电工程爆破振动安全判据及应用中的几个关键问题[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(8):1 513–1 520.(LU Wenbo,LI Haibo,CHEN Ming,et al.Safety criteria of blasting vibration in hydropower engineering and several key problems in their application[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(8):1 513–1 520.(in Chinese))
[28]ZHANG Y Q,HAO H,LU Y.Anisotropic dynamic damage and fragmentation of rock materials under explosive loading[J].International Journal of Engineering Science,2003,41(9):917–929.
[29]夏祥,李俊如,李海波,等.广东岭澳核电站爆破开挖岩体损伤特征研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(12):2 510–2 516.(XIA Xiang,LI Junru,LI Haibo,et al.Study on damage characteristics of rock mass under blasting load in Ling′ao nuclear power station,Guangdong Province[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(12):2 510–2 516.(in Chinese))
[30]夏祥.爆炸荷载作用下岩体损伤特征及安全阈值研究[博士学位论文][D].武汉:中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所,2006.(XIA Xiang.Study of damage characteristics and safety threshold of rock vibration by blast[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Wuhan:Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,2006.(in Chinese))
[31]唐海.地形地貌对爆破振动波影响的试验和理论研究[博士学位论文][D].武汉:中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所,2007.(TANG Hai.Field experimental and theoretical study on blasting wave propagation characteristics under different terrains[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Wuhan:Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,2007.(in Chinese))
[32]谢冰,李海波,刘亚群,等.宁德核电站核岛基坑爆破开挖安全控制研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(8):1 571–1 578.(XIE Bing,LI Haibo,LIU Yaqun,et al.Study of safety control of foundation pit excavation by blasting in Ningde nuclear power plant[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(8):1 571–1 578.(in Chinese))
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