动静组合加载下岩石破坏的声发射实验
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摘要
在霍普金森(SHPB)实验系统上进行了动静组合加载下岩石破坏的声发射实验,获得了动静组合加载下花岗岩声发射能量的变化规律。结果表明,动静组合加载下声发射能量规律呈现出2种明显不同的特征:I型,声发射峰值能量之后,能量迅速衰减,到加载末期,能量出现一定的回升,产生了"拐点";II型,声发射峰值能量之后,能量衰减相对I型较慢,且不出现"拐点"。分别讨论了轴向静载和动载应变率对声发射能量的影响:声发射峰值能量随轴向静载增大而减小;当轴向静载位于岩石弹性段时,峰前声发射能量随静载缓慢增大,当轴向静载超过弹性段时,峰前声发射能量随轴向静载增大而急剧增大;声发射峰值能量和峰前能量均随动载应变率增大而减小。本研究对于重新寻求动静组合加载下岩石破坏的声发射前兆规律具有理论和实践意义。
The acoustic emission(AE) tests of rock failure were made on the SHPB test system and the law of the AE energy was obtained under coupled static-dynamic load. The AE energy presents two different features:mode I,the energy decays rapidly after the peak of the energy,however,the energy rises at the end of the loading and the "inflection point" appears; mode II,the energy decays slowly after the peak of the energy and the "inflection point" does not appear. The effect of the axial static load and impact on the AE energy was analyzed. The results show that the peak value of the AE energy decreases with the increase of the axial static load; when the axial static load is located at the elastic stage,the pre-peak of the AE energy increases slowly; when the axial static load exceeds the elastic stage,the pre-peak of the AE energy increases rapidly with the increase of the axial static load. The peak and pre-peak of the AE energy decrease with the increase of the dynamic strain rate. It is useful for both theory and practice to seek the precursory characteristics of the AE of rock mass under coupled static-dynamic load.
The acoustic emission(AE) tests of rock failure were made on the SHPB test system and the law of the AE energy was obtained under coupled static-dynamic load. The AE energy presents two different features:mode I,the energy decays rapidly after the peak of the energy,however,the energy rises at the end of the loading and the "inflection point" appears; mode II,the energy decays slowly after the peak of the energy and the "inflection point" does not appear. The effect of the axial static load and impact on the AE energy was analyzed. The results show that the peak value of the AE energy decreases with the increase of the axial static load; when the axial static load is located at the elastic stage,the pre-peak of the AE energy increases slowly; when the axial static load exceeds the elastic stage,the pre-peak of the AE energy increases rapidly with the increase of the axial static load. The peak and pre-peak of the AE energy decrease with the increase of the dynamic strain rate. It is useful for both theory and practice to seek the precursory characteristics of the AE of rock mass under coupled static-dynamic load.
引文
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[11]马胜利,蒋海昆,扈小燕,等.基于声发射实验结果讨论大震前地震活动平静现象的机制[J].地震地质,2004,26(3):426-435.MA Sheng-li,JIANG Hai-kun,HU Xiao-yan,et al.A discussion on mechanismfor seismic quiescence before large earthquakes based on experi mental results of acoustic emission[J].Seismology and Geology,2004,26(3):426-435.
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[15]Goldsmith W,Sackman J L,Ewert C.Static and dynamic fracture strength of barre granite[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Science&Geomechanics Abstracts,1976,13(2):303-309.
[16]Hakailehto K O.The behavior of rock under i mpulse loads-Astudy using the hopkinson split bar method[J].Acta Polytechnica Scandinanca,1969,81:1-61.
[2]Rudajev V,Vilhel mJ,Kozak J,et al.Statistical precursors of instability of loaded rock samples based on acoustic emission[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Science&Geomechanics Abstracts,1996,33(7):743-748.
[3]Seto M,Nag D K,Vutukuri V S.In-situ rock stress measurement from rock cores using the acoustic emission method and deformation rate analysis[J].Geotechnical and Geological Engineering,1999(17):241-266.
[4]Rudajev V,Vilhel mJ,Lokajicek T.Laboratory studies of acoustic emission prior to uniaxial compressive rockfail-ure[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Science,2000,37:699-704.
[5]李庶林,尹贤刚,王泳嘉.单轴受压岩石破坏全过程声发射特征研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(15):2499-2503.LI Shu-lin,YIN Xian-gang,WANG Yong-jia.Studies on acoustic emission characteristic of uniaxial compressive rock failure[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(15):2499-2503.
[6]Tham L G,Liu H,Tang C A,et al.Ontensionfailure of2-Drock speci mens and associated acoustic emission[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2005,38(1):1-19.
[7]张流,许昭永,陆阳泉.地震前兆场物理机制实验研究的新进展[J].地震,1995,增刊:40-54.ZHANG Liu,XU Zhao-yong,LU Yang-quan.Newadvances in experi mental studies of physics mechanismof seis-mic precursory field[J].Earthquake,1995,suppl:40-54.
[8]潘长良,祝方才,曹平,等.单轴压力下岩爆倾向岩石的声发射特征[J].中南工业大学学报,2001,32(4):336-338.PAN Chang-liang,ZHU Fang-cai,CAO Ping,et al.Characteristics of acoustic emission of bursting-intended rocks under uniaxial compression[J].Journal of Central South University of Technology,2001,32(4):336-338.
[9]余怀忠,尹祥础,夏蒙棼,等.地震临界点理论的实验研究[J].地震学报,2004,26增刊:122-130.YU Huai-zhong,YIN Xiang-chu,XIA Meng-fen,et al.Experi mental research on critical point hypothesis[J].Ac-ta Seismologica Sinica,2004,26suppl:122-130.
[10]纪洪广,蔡美峰.混凝土材料声发射与应力-应变参量耦合关系及应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(2):227-231.JI Hong-guang,CAI Mei-feng.Coupling constitutive relation between AE parameter and stress-strain and its ap-plication[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(2):227-231.
[11]马胜利,蒋海昆,扈小燕,等.基于声发射实验结果讨论大震前地震活动平静现象的机制[J].地震地质,2004,26(3):426-435.MA Sheng-li,JIANG Hai-kun,HU Xiao-yan,et al.A discussion on mechanismfor seismic quiescence before large earthquakes based on experi mental results of acoustic emission[J].Seismology and Geology,2004,26(3):426-435.
[12]Prikryl R,Lokajicek T,Li C,et al.Acoustic emission characteristics and failure of uniaxially stressed granitic rocks:The effect of rock fabric[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2003,36(4):255-270.
[13]Rudajev V,Vilhel m J,Lokajicek T.Laboratory studies of acoustic emission prior to uniaxial compressive rock failure[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2000,37:699-704.
[14]Chang S H,Lee CI.Esti mation of cracking and damage mechanisms in rock under triaxial compression by mo-ment tensor analysis of acoustic emission[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics&Mining Sciences,2004,41:1069-1086.
[15]Goldsmith W,Sackman J L,Ewert C.Static and dynamic fracture strength of barre granite[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Science&Geomechanics Abstracts,1976,13(2):303-309.
[16]Hakailehto K O.The behavior of rock under i mpulse loads-Astudy using the hopkinson split bar method[J].Acta Polytechnica Scandinanca,1969,81:1-61.
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