地震资料解释与盆地模拟在油气成藏研究中的联合运用
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摘要
由于地震资料解释可提供盆地模拟所需的参数,比如不同岩石的特性及其在三维空间的展布特征等,所以可将两者结合进行油气成藏研究。本文根据油气成藏研究中控制油气聚集与分布的三大主要因素(构造演化、层序地层格架和运聚条件),从以下三方面进行油气成藏研究:①通过三维地震构造解释与构造演化史模拟的结合,再现生长地层的变形过程,揭示控制有效储层形成的地质作用和油气成藏要素的时空匹配关系;②根据层序地层的地震解释和岩性预测,约束重建沉积史,分析生储盖组合,为研究岩性地层油气藏分布规律和成藏机理提供依据;③将波阻抗反演孔隙度和渗透性与储层演化和油气成藏结合起来。盆地模拟的结果取决于井资料和地震反演结果,而数值模拟出来的流体方向、饱和度、裂缝等,又可用来作为约束条件以提高地震反演结果的质量。
There is a close relationship between seismic interpretation and basin modeling.The data which are needed by basin modeling which is based on the quantitative evolution can be obtained from the basic equations among geological parameters of different rocks,those equations depend on the characteristics and values of the rocks,as well as their distribution in the 3D space.In this aspect the 3D seismic interpretation which is based on growth structure and sequence stratigraphy could play a key role in predicting the geological parameters through seismic inversion and attribute analysis.In studies of oil&gas accumulation,3 major factors control the accumulation and distribution of the oil and gas,the 3 factors are tectonic evolution,sequence stratigraphic framework,as well as migration and accumulation condition,as a result the main study contents for joint seismic interpretation and basin modeling including the following:(1)The integration of 3D seismic structure interpretation and tectono-evolution history modeling,representation of deformation process for the growth strata,and revelation of time-space matching relation of geological effect factors and hydrocarbon accumulation factors which control formation of effective reservoirs.(2)Based on seismic interpretation and lithology prediction for the sequence strata,constraining reconstruction of sedimentary history,analyzing source reservoir cap assemblage,and providing solid and favorable evidence,(3)Integration of porosity and permeability which were inverted from impedance inversion with reservoir evolution and oil&gas accumulation.The results from the basin modeling depend on the quality of the rock's properties which were inverted from well data and seismic data,at the same time the flow direction,saturation,crushing and other information from the numerical simulation provide excellent quality control method for testing capillary pressure and connectivity hypothesis,and they also lead to better seismic inversion results.In this paper raising the reliability of quantitatively studying the oil & gas accumulation in petroleum geology was tried,aiming at applying integration of multi-disciplines in the studies of oil & gas accumulation and distribution laws,and at last scientifically guiding the oil & gas exploration.
There is a close relationship between seismic interpretation and basin modeling.The data which are needed by basin modeling which is based on the quantitative evolution can be obtained from the basic equations among geological parameters of different rocks,those equations depend on the characteristics and values of the rocks,as well as their distribution in the 3D space.In this aspect the 3D seismic interpretation which is based on growth structure and sequence stratigraphy could play a key role in predicting the geological parameters through seismic inversion and attribute analysis.In studies of oil&gas accumulation,3 major factors control the accumulation and distribution of the oil and gas,the 3 factors are tectonic evolution,sequence stratigraphic framework,as well as migration and accumulation condition,as a result the main study contents for joint seismic interpretation and basin modeling including the following:(1)The integration of 3D seismic structure interpretation and tectono-evolution history modeling,representation of deformation process for the growth strata,and revelation of time-space matching relation of geological effect factors and hydrocarbon accumulation factors which control formation of effective reservoirs.(2)Based on seismic interpretation and lithology prediction for the sequence strata,constraining reconstruction of sedimentary history,analyzing source reservoir cap assemblage,and providing solid and favorable evidence,(3)Integration of porosity and permeability which were inverted from impedance inversion with reservoir evolution and oil&gas accumulation.The results from the basin modeling depend on the quality of the rock's properties which were inverted from well data and seismic data,at the same time the flow direction,saturation,crushing and other information from the numerical simulation provide excellent quality control method for testing capillary pressure and connectivity hypothesis,and they also lead to better seismic inversion results.In this paper raising the reliability of quantitatively studying the oil & gas accumulation in petroleum geology was tried,aiming at applying integration of multi-disciplines in the studies of oil & gas accumulation and distribution laws,and at last scientifically guiding the oil & gas exploration.
引文
[1]赵正璋,赵贤正,王英民.储层地震预测理论与实践.北京:科学出版社,2005
[2]罗寿兵,曾庆,吴琳等.静校正对低幅度构造资料处理的影响.石油地球物理勘探,2008,43(增刊1):24～28
[3]郭秋麟,米石云,胡素云等.盆地模拟技术在油气资源评价中的作用.中国石油勘探,2006,7(3):50～56
[4]伊恩,勒奇.盆地分析的定量方法.北京:石油工业出版社,1996
[5]米石云.盆地模拟技术研究现状及发展方向.中国石油勘探,2009,12(2):55～65
[6]张水昌,梁狄刚,朱光有等.中国海相油气形成的地质基础.科学通报,2007,52(增刊I):46～56
[7]Gawthorpe R and Hardy S.Extensional fault-propa-gation folding and base2level change as controls on growth strata geometries.Sedi mentary Geology,2002,146(1～2):47～56
[8]Zapata T,All mendinger R W.Growth stratal records of instantaneous and progressive li mb rotation in the Precordillera thrust belt and Bermejo basin,Argenti-na.Tectonics,1996,15:1065～1083
[9]Rafini S and Mercier E.Forward modelling of fore-land basins progressive unconformities.Sedi mentary Geology,2002,146(1～2):75～89
[10]Mitra S.Fold-accommodation faults.AAPG,2002,86:671～693
[11]罗寿兵,曾庆,涂涛等.四川盆地米仓山东端—大巴山西段前缘构造建模及地震资料构造解释.天然气勘探与开发,2007,30(1):16～22
[12]李本亮,贾承造,庞雄奇等.环青藏高原盆山体系内前陆冲断构造变形的空间变化规律.地质学报,2007,81(9):1200～1207
[13]杨海军,邬光辉,韩剑发等.塔里木盆地中央隆起带奥陶系碳酸盐岩台缘带油气富集特征.石油学报,2007,28(4):26～30
[14]张水昌,朱光有.四川盆地海相天然气富集成藏特征与勘探潜力.石油学报,2006,27(5):1～8
[15]朱光有,张水昌,梁英波等.四川盆地威远气田硫化氢的成因及其证据.中国科学,2006,51(23):2780～2788
[16]杨海军,胡太平,于红枫等.塔中地区上奥陶统礁滩复合体储层地震预测技术.新疆石油地质,2008,29(2):230～251
[17]陈建平,邓春萍,宋孚庆等.用生物标志物定量计算混合原油油源的数学模型.地球化学,2007,36(2):205～214
[18]杨少虎,黄玉生,彭文绪等.声波重构技术在储层反演中的应用.石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(2):171～176
[19]夏竹,刘兰锋,任敦占等.基于地震道时频分析的地层结构解析原理和方法.石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(1):57～65,69
[20]张水昌,R L WANG,金之钧等.塔里木盆地寒武纪—奥陶纪优质烃源岩沉积与古环境变化的关系:碳氧同位素新证据.地质学报,2006,18(3):459～466
[21]Aki A,Richards P G.Quantitative seismology,Theory and methods.W H Freeman and Co,1980
[22]Gidlow P M,Smith G C,and Vail P J.Hydrocarbon detection using fluid factor traces:A case history.Presentedat the2nd Annual International Meeting,SEG,1992
[23]Lenormand R,E Touboul,and C Zarcone.Numerical models and experi ments on i mmiscible displacements in porous media.Journal of Fluid Mechanics,1988,165～187
[24]Meakin P G,Wagner H Verdvik et al.Invasion per-colation and secondary hydrocarbon migration,exper-i ments and si mulations.Marine and Petroleum Geol-ogy,2000,17:777～795
[25]Carruthers DJ.Modeling of secondary petroleum mi-gration using invasion percolation techniques.AAPG Datapages Discovery Series,2003,7:21～37
[2]罗寿兵,曾庆,吴琳等.静校正对低幅度构造资料处理的影响.石油地球物理勘探,2008,43(增刊1):24～28
[3]郭秋麟,米石云,胡素云等.盆地模拟技术在油气资源评价中的作用.中国石油勘探,2006,7(3):50～56
[4]伊恩,勒奇.盆地分析的定量方法.北京:石油工业出版社,1996
[5]米石云.盆地模拟技术研究现状及发展方向.中国石油勘探,2009,12(2):55～65
[6]张水昌,梁狄刚,朱光有等.中国海相油气形成的地质基础.科学通报,2007,52(增刊I):46～56
[7]Gawthorpe R and Hardy S.Extensional fault-propa-gation folding and base2level change as controls on growth strata geometries.Sedi mentary Geology,2002,146(1～2):47～56
[8]Zapata T,All mendinger R W.Growth stratal records of instantaneous and progressive li mb rotation in the Precordillera thrust belt and Bermejo basin,Argenti-na.Tectonics,1996,15:1065～1083
[9]Rafini S and Mercier E.Forward modelling of fore-land basins progressive unconformities.Sedi mentary Geology,2002,146(1～2):75～89
[10]Mitra S.Fold-accommodation faults.AAPG,2002,86:671～693
[11]罗寿兵,曾庆,涂涛等.四川盆地米仓山东端—大巴山西段前缘构造建模及地震资料构造解释.天然气勘探与开发,2007,30(1):16～22
[12]李本亮,贾承造,庞雄奇等.环青藏高原盆山体系内前陆冲断构造变形的空间变化规律.地质学报,2007,81(9):1200～1207
[13]杨海军,邬光辉,韩剑发等.塔里木盆地中央隆起带奥陶系碳酸盐岩台缘带油气富集特征.石油学报,2007,28(4):26～30
[14]张水昌,朱光有.四川盆地海相天然气富集成藏特征与勘探潜力.石油学报,2006,27(5):1～8
[15]朱光有,张水昌,梁英波等.四川盆地威远气田硫化氢的成因及其证据.中国科学,2006,51(23):2780～2788
[16]杨海军,胡太平,于红枫等.塔中地区上奥陶统礁滩复合体储层地震预测技术.新疆石油地质,2008,29(2):230～251
[17]陈建平,邓春萍,宋孚庆等.用生物标志物定量计算混合原油油源的数学模型.地球化学,2007,36(2):205～214
[18]杨少虎,黄玉生,彭文绪等.声波重构技术在储层反演中的应用.石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(2):171～176
[19]夏竹,刘兰锋,任敦占等.基于地震道时频分析的地层结构解析原理和方法.石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(1):57～65,69
[20]张水昌,R L WANG,金之钧等.塔里木盆地寒武纪—奥陶纪优质烃源岩沉积与古环境变化的关系:碳氧同位素新证据.地质学报,2006,18(3):459～466
[21]Aki A,Richards P G.Quantitative seismology,Theory and methods.W H Freeman and Co,1980
[22]Gidlow P M,Smith G C,and Vail P J.Hydrocarbon detection using fluid factor traces:A case history.Presentedat the2nd Annual International Meeting,SEG,1992
[23]Lenormand R,E Touboul,and C Zarcone.Numerical models and experi ments on i mmiscible displacements in porous media.Journal of Fluid Mechanics,1988,165～187
[24]Meakin P G,Wagner H Verdvik et al.Invasion per-colation and secondary hydrocarbon migration,exper-i ments and si mulations.Marine and Petroleum Geol-ogy,2000,17:777～795
[25]Carruthers DJ.Modeling of secondary petroleum mi-gration using invasion percolation techniques.AAPG Datapages Discovery Series,2003,7:21～37
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