水电工程爆破振动安全判据及应用中的几个关键问题
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摘要
综合分析岩石高边坡和地下洞室围岩的爆破振动破坏机制、动力稳定性评价方法及爆破振动对新浇混凝土影响等方面的研究现状与进展,介绍国内水电行业采用的有关岩石高边坡、地下洞室围岩、基岩以及新浇混凝土的主要爆破振动安全判据及爆破速度允许标准,并与矿山领域的相关标准进行对比。指出以往爆破振动破坏机制研究中存在的问题和现有爆破安全判据的不足,如未区分爆破地震波作用下岩体中的波传播问题和边坡动力响应问题的不同破坏机制,爆破振动安全判据未考虑振动频率和持续时间的影响。最后提出今后在爆破振动破坏机制研究,体现幅值、频率和持续时间综合影响的爆破振动安全判据确定,考虑温度应力的新浇混凝土爆破振动安全允许标准制定等方面的努力方向。
The status and progress of the mechanism of blasting vibration-induced failure or damage,the evaluation method of dynamic stability for rock slope and surrounding rock mass of underground caverns under blasting vibration,and the influence of blasting vibration on early-aged concrete,etc.,are introduced and analyzed. The domestic safety criteria of blasting vibration and permitted standard of blasting velocity for high rock slope, underground caverns,foundation rock mass and early-aged concrete adopted in field of hydropower engineering are presented,which are compared with those employed in fields of mining. Main problems existing in the study of the damage mechanism induced by blasting vibration and deficiencies of currently adopted safety criteria are analyzed and discussed such as no distinction between different damage mechanisms induced by propagation of blasting seismic wave in rock mass and by dynamic response of rock slope and no consideration of influence of vibration frequency and duration on the adopted safety criteria. Finally,some proposals are given to further study in the fields of damage mechanism of blasting vibration,comprehensive safety criteria expressing blasting vibration incorporating factors of vibration amplitude,frequency and duration,allowable vibration standard for early-aged concrete considering the influence of thermal stress,etc..
The status and progress of the mechanism of blasting vibration-induced failure or damage,the evaluation method of dynamic stability for rock slope and surrounding rock mass of underground caverns under blasting vibration,and the influence of blasting vibration on early-aged concrete,etc.,are introduced and analyzed. The domestic safety criteria of blasting vibration and permitted standard of blasting velocity for high rock slope, underground caverns,foundation rock mass and early-aged concrete adopted in field of hydropower engineering are presented,which are compared with those employed in fields of mining. Main problems existing in the study of the damage mechanism induced by blasting vibration and deficiencies of currently adopted safety criteria are analyzed and discussed such as no distinction between different damage mechanisms induced by propagation of blasting seismic wave in rock mass and by dynamic response of rock slope and no consideration of influence of vibration frequency and duration on the adopted safety criteria. Finally,some proposals are given to further study in the fields of damage mechanism of blasting vibration,comprehensive safety criteria expressing blasting vibration incorporating factors of vibration amplitude,frequency and duration,allowable vibration standard for early-aged concrete considering the influence of thermal stress,etc..
引文
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[9]卢文波,赖世骧,朱传云.岩石高边坡爆破振动动力稳定分析[J].矿冶工程,1996,16(1):3–7.(LU Wenbo,LAI Shixiang,ZHU Chuanyun.Analysis of the dynamic stability of rock slopes under blasting vibration conditions[J].Mining and Metallurgical Engineering,1996,16(1):3–7.(in Chinese))
[10]阎坤,张云.岩质高边坡爆破动力稳定分析方法研究[J].水力发电,1996,22(8):27–29.(YAN Kun,ZHANG Yun.Study on dynamic stability analysis method of the high side-slope rock blasting[J].Water Power,1996,22(8):27–29.(in Chinese))
[11]许红涛,卢文波,周创兵,等.基于时程分析的岩质高边坡开挖爆破动力稳定性计算方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(11):2213–2219.(XU Hongtao,LU Wenbo,ZHOU Chuangbing,et al.Time-history analysis method for evaluating dynamic stability of high rock slope under excavation blasting[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(11):2213–2219.(in Chinese))
[12]何蕴龙.岩质边坡施工爆破振动加速度近似计算方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1996,15(1):19–25.(HE Yunlong.An approximate calculation method for the accelerations in the rock slope under blasting construction[J].Chinese Journal of Rook Mechanics and Engineering,1996,15(1):19–25.(in Chinese))
[13]李海波,吴绵拔.反应谱分析在确定动载折减系数中的应用[J].工程爆破,1998,4(2):16–19.(LI Haibo,WU Mianba.Application of spectrum theory to determining the discounted coefficient of dynamic loading[J].Engineering Blasting,1998,4(2):16–19.(in Chinese))
[14]KENZO T,FUSANORI M,YOSHIYUKI O.Dynamic slope stability analyses with a nonlinear finite element method[J].Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,1985,13(2):151–171.
[15]CHARLES H D.Dynamic stability of rock slopes and high frequencytraveling waves[J].Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1988,114(10):1069–1088.
[16]田洁,王克成,刘恭忍,等.复杂岩质边坡开挖爆破下的动力响应分析[J].水利学报,1998,29(增):38–43.(TIAN Jie,WANG Kecheng,LIU Gongren,et al.Dynamic response analysis of blasting in excavation of complex rock mass slope[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1998,29(Supp.):38–43.(in Chinese))
[17]刘亚群,李海波,李俊如,等.爆破荷载作用下黄麦岭磷矿岩质边坡动态响应的UDEC模拟研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(21):3659–3663.(LIU Yaqun,LI Haibo,LI Junru,et al.UDEC simulation of dynamic response of rock slope of Huangmailing Phosphorite mine under explosion[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(21):3659–3663.(in Chinese))
[18]陈明,卢文波,吴亮,等.小湾水电站岩石高边坡爆破振动速度安全阈值研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(1):51–56.(CHEN Ming,LU Wenbo,WU Liang,et al.Safety threshold of blasting vibration velocity to high rock slope of Xiaowan Hydropower Station[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(1):51–56.(in Chinese))
[19]SAVELY J P.Designing a final blast to improve stability[C]//SME Annual Conference.Louisiana:[s.n.],1986:86–89.
[20]边克信.爆破地震对地下构筑物的影响[J].中国矿山工程,1981,1(6):25–36.(BIAN Kexin.Influence of blasting seismic on underground structure[J].China Mine Engineering,1981,1(6):25–36.(in Chinese))
[21]朱瑞赓,李铮.爆炸地震波的现场测量及其安全距离[J].爆炸与冲击,1982,2(1):60–67.(ZHU Ruigeng,LI Zheng.In-situ measurement of blasting seismic waves and their safety distance[J].Explosion and Shock Waves,1982,2(1):60–67.(in Chinese))
[22]SWOBODA O,ZENG G,LI N,et al.Dynamic analysis of blast procedure in tunnel[M].New York:Springer-Veriag,1991:386–437.
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