砂土颗粒粗糙度对剪切波速影响的试验研究
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摘要
将福建标准砂、杭州黄砂和人工石英砂制备成6个砂样,每个砂样只由一种粒径的砂颗粒组成,从每个砂样中选取一定数量的颗粒进行电镜扫描并分析砂样的颗粒平均粗糙度,用弯曲元测试仪测试各砂样在不同孔隙比下的剪切波速(Vs)。对比分析说明颗粒粗糙度对Vs的影响显著,Vs随着颗粒粗糙度的增大而减小。引入粗糙度修正系数,在散粒体介质细观组构与本构关系、弹性粗糙颗粒接触等研究的基础上推导了砂土Vs计算公式。将计算结果与试验实测值进行对比,得到了浅层砂土的粗糙度修正系数的计算方法,讨论了粗糙度修正系数随应力大小的变化趋势。
6 sand samples are made by use of Fujian standard sand,Hangzhou sand and man-made quartz sand,respectively,with each sample composed of the single sand particle in diameter.The average particle roughness of every sample and the shear wave velocities(Vs) of each sample in different porosities are obtained by electron microscope and bender element testing equipment.The analytic results indicate that Vs is greatly influenced by the particle roughness,and the magnitude of Vs decreases with the increase of the particle roughness.The roughness coefficient is introduced to deduce the formula of Vs by means of the researches on micro fabrics and constitutive relations of granular materials,elastic contact of rough particles,etc.Moreover,the results drawn from the present method are compared with the measured data,and the calculating method of the roughness coefficient for low sands is obtained.In addition,the relationship between the roughness coefficient and the stress is discussed.
6 sand samples are made by use of Fujian standard sand,Hangzhou sand and man-made quartz sand,respectively,with each sample composed of the single sand particle in diameter.The average particle roughness of every sample and the shear wave velocities(Vs) of each sample in different porosities are obtained by electron microscope and bender element testing equipment.The analytic results indicate that Vs is greatly influenced by the particle roughness,and the magnitude of Vs decreases with the increase of the particle roughness.The roughness coefficient is introduced to deduce the formula of Vs by means of the researches on micro fabrics and constitutive relations of granular materials,elastic contact of rough particles,etc.Moreover,the results drawn from the present method are compared with the measured data,and the calculating method of the roughness coefficient for low sands is obtained.In addition,the relationship between the roughness coefficient and the stress is discussed.
引文
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[16]赵庆新,孙伟,郑克仁,等.水泥、磨细矿渣、粉煤灰颗粒弹性模量的比较[J].硅酸盐学报,2005,33:837-841.(ZHAO Qing-xin,SUN Wei,ZHENG Ke-ren,et al.Comparison for elastic modulus of cement,ground granulated blast-furnace slag and fly ash particles[J].Journal of The Chinese Ceramic Society,2005,33:837-841.(in Chinese))
[2]DOWDESWELL J A.Scanning electron micrographs of quartz sand grains from cold environments examined using fourier shape analysis[J].Journal of Sedientury Petrology,1982,52(4):1315-1323.
[3]胡荣泽,刘森英.颗粒的表面粗糙度[J].粉体技术,1998,4(3):1-3.(HU Rong-ze,LIU Sen-ying.Surface roundness of particles[J].Powder Science and Technology,1998,4(3):1-3.(in Chinese))
[4]WILLIAM F.MUTPHY.Effects of microstructure and pore fluids on the acoustic properties of granular sedimentary materials[D].Stanford:Stanford University,1982.
[5]姬美秀,陈云敏,黄博.弯曲元试验高精度测试土样剪切波速方法[J].岩土工程学报,2003,25(6):732-736.(JI Mei-xiu,CHEN Yun-min,HUANG Bo.Method for precisely determining shear wave velocity of soil from bender element tests[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2003,25(6):732-736.(in Chinese))
[6]ZHOU Yan-guo,CHEN Yun-min,DING Hao-jiang.Analytical solutions to piezoelectric bimorphs based on improved FSDT beam model[J].Smart Structures and Systems.2005,1(3):309-324.
[7]CHEN Y M,ZHOU Y G.Technique standardization of bender elements and international test[J].ASCE Geotechnical Special Publication,2006,150:90-97.
[8]ZHOU Yan-guo,CHEN Yun-min,DING Hao-jiang.Analytical modeling of sandwich beam for piezoelectric bender elements[J].Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition),2007,28(12):1581-1586.
[9]钟晓雄,袁建新.散粒体的细观组构与本构关系[J].岩土工程学报,1992,14(增刊):39-48.(ZHONG Xiao-xiong,YUAN Jian-xin.Microfabrics and constitutive relations of granular materials[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1992,14(S):39-48.(in Chinese))
[10]MINDLIN R D.Compliance of elasitc bodies in contact[J].Journal of Applied Mechanics,1949,71:259-268.
[11]TIMOSHENKO S P,GOODIER J N.Theory of elasticity[M].Third edtion.Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2004.
[12]MAJUMDAR A,TIEN C L.Fractal characterization and simulation of rough surfaces[J].Wear,1990,136:313-327.
[13]GREENWOOD J A,TRIPP J H.The elastic contact of rough spheres[J].Journal of Applied Mechanics,1967,34:153-159.
[14]DIGBY P J.The effective elastic moduli of porous granular rocks[J].Journal of Applied Mechanics,1981,48:803-808.
[15]刘旭.多相介质弹性参数的研究及波速计算[D].北京:中国地震局地球物理研究所,2002:92-108.(LIU Xu.The elastic parameters and wave velociey of the polyphase mediums[D].Beijing:Institute of Geophysics,China Earthquake Administration,2002:92-108.(in Chinese))
[16]赵庆新,孙伟,郑克仁,等.水泥、磨细矿渣、粉煤灰颗粒弹性模量的比较[J].硅酸盐学报,2005,33:837-841.(ZHAO Qing-xin,SUN Wei,ZHENG Ke-ren,et al.Comparison for elastic modulus of cement,ground granulated blast-furnace slag and fly ash particles[J].Journal of The Chinese Ceramic Society,2005,33:837-841.(in Chinese))
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