高压直流避雷器研发中的关键技术
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摘要
中国正在建设±500/±660/±800kV等电压等级的高压直流输变电工程,并在努力实现电力设备的国产化。研发了大容量电阻片、阀避雷器和母线/线路避雷器类型的高压直流避雷器,已经或即将投运于各个高压直流输变电实际工程,介绍这些直流避雷器的研发技术和结果。大容量电阻片实现各种直流避雷器通用,也实现了交/直流避雷器通用,已实际应用于1000/750/500kV等电压等级的瓷套型避雷器。阀避雷器采用复合外套,基于良好的多柱避雷器电流分布、整只避雷器电位分布,解决了压力释放和机械强度等难点问题。母线/线路避雷器采用复合外套/瓷外套2种结构。复合外套型,在压力安全释放的基础上,解决了抗弯强度问题;瓷套型,采用等径深棱伞以提高避雷器的耐污秽能力,应用减震技术(装置)大幅度减小瓷套根部应力,从而满足抗地震要求。
The HVDC transmission and transformation projects,which operate in voltage grades of ±500 kV,±660 kV and ±800 kV,are being constructed in China,meanwhile the localization of power equipments for these projects are being pulled off.High capacity resistors,valve type surge arresters and the arresters for HVDC buses and transmission lines are studied out,and have been or will be put into use in actual HVDC power transmission and transformation projects.The generality of high capacity resistors for various types of DC arresters as well as the generality of high capacity resistors for both AC and DC arresters are realized,for instance high capacity resistors have been actually applied in porcelain-housed surge arresters with rated voltage of 1000 kV,750 kV and 500 kV respectively.Polymeric housing is used to the valve type surge arresters and based on appropriate current distribution of multi-column arrester and as well as appropriate potential distribution of whole arrester the difficult problems such as mechanical strength,pressure release and so on are solved.Two kind of structures,i.e.,polymeric housing and porcelain housing are used to bus arresters and line arresters respectively;on basis of releasing the pressure safely the trouble in bending strength is solved by use of polymeric housing,and the pollution-resistant capacity of porcelain-housed arrester is enhanced by use of deep edge and even diameter umbrella.To meet the demand of anti-earthquake,the damping technology and devices are used to reduce the root stress of porcelain housing considerably.
The HVDC transmission and transformation projects,which operate in voltage grades of ±500 kV,±660 kV and ±800 kV,are being constructed in China,meanwhile the localization of power equipments for these projects are being pulled off.High capacity resistors,valve type surge arresters and the arresters for HVDC buses and transmission lines are studied out,and have been or will be put into use in actual HVDC power transmission and transformation projects.The generality of high capacity resistors for various types of DC arresters as well as the generality of high capacity resistors for both AC and DC arresters are realized,for instance high capacity resistors have been actually applied in porcelain-housed surge arresters with rated voltage of 1000 kV,750 kV and 500 kV respectively.Polymeric housing is used to the valve type surge arresters and based on appropriate current distribution of multi-column arrester and as well as appropriate potential distribution of whole arrester the difficult problems such as mechanical strength,pressure release and so on are solved.Two kind of structures,i.e.,polymeric housing and porcelain housing are used to bus arresters and line arresters respectively;on basis of releasing the pressure safely the trouble in bending strength is solved by use of polymeric housing,and the pollution-resistant capacity of porcelain-housed arrester is enhanced by use of deep edge and even diameter umbrella.To meet the demand of anti-earthquake,the damping technology and devices are used to reduce the root stress of porcelain housing considerably.
引文
[1]赵畹君.高压直流输电工程技术[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2004:1-15.
[2]戴熙杰.直流输电[M].北京:水利电力出版社,1982:1-12.
[3]常浩,樊纪超.特高压直流输电系统成套设计及国产化[J].电网技术,2006,30(16):1-5.Chang Hao,Fan Jichao.System design and its localization of UHVDC transmission project[J].Power System Technology,2006,30(16):1-5(in Chinese).
[4]刘振亚.特高压直流输电技术研究成果专辑(2005年)[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2006:1-20.
[5]舒印彪.中国直流输电的现状及展望[M].高电压技术,2004,30(11):1-2,20.Shu Yinbiao.Present status and prospect of HVDC transmission in China[J].High Voltage Engineering,2004,30(11):1-2,20(in Chinese).
[6]袁清云.特高压直流输电技术现状及在我国的应用前景[J].电网技术,2005,29(14):1-3.Yuan Qingyun.Present state and application prospect of ultra HVDC transmission in China[J].Power System Technology,2005,29(14):1-3(in Chinese).
[7]吴维韩,何金良.金属氧化物非线性电阻特性和应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1998:86-89.
[8]车文俊,宋继军,张晓星,等.1000kV交流特高压GIS型和瓷套型金属氧化物避雷器的研发[J].电力设备,2007,8(4):14-18.Che Wenjun,Song Jijun,Zhang Xiaoxing,et al.The research and manufacture of1000kV A.C UHV metal-oxide surge arresters on GIS and with porcelain housings[J].Electrical Equipment,2007,8(4):14-18(in Chinese).
[9]中国电力科学研究院,电科院东芝避雷器有限公司.荆门—沪西±500千伏直流输电工程阀避雷器技术协议[R].北京:中国电力科学研究院,2009.
[10]中国电力科学研究院,电科院东芝避雷器有限公司.西北(宁东)—华北(山东)±660千伏直流输电工程阀避雷器技术协议[R].北京:中国电力科学研究院,2009.
[11]车文俊,千叶智基,张晓星,等.1000kV瓷外套金属氧化物避雷器的电位分布研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2009,29(22):53-57.Che Wenjun,Tomoki Chiba,Zhang Xiaoxing,et al.Research on potential distribution characteristics of1000kV porcelain housed metal oxide surge arrester[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2009,29(22):53-57(in English).
[12]西安电瓷研究所.GB11032—2000交流无间隙金属氧化物避雷器[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2000.
[13]车文俊.1000kV特高压避雷器型式试验方法的探讨[J].电力技术,2008,15(4):15-17.Che Wenjun.Discussion of1000kV UHV arrester type tests[J].Electric Power Technology,2008,15(4):15-17(in Chinese).
[14]西安电瓷研究所,中国电力科学研究院,西安高压电器研究所,等.GB/T22389—2008高压直流换流站无间隙金属氧化物避雷器导则[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2009.
[15]北京网联直流工程技术有限公司,中南电力设计院,电科院东芝避雷器有限公司.葛洲坝—南桥改造工程设备改造采购技术协议[R].北京:北京网联直流工程技术有限公司,2009.
[16]国家电网公司.宁东—山东±660千伏直流输电工程直流场设备招标文件(直流极线避雷器)[R].北京:国家电网公司,2009.
[17]车文俊,宋继军,张晓星,等.1000kV交流特高压瓷外套金属氧化物避雷器的结构分析[J].电力标准化与技术经济,2006,13(2):13-16.Che Wenjun,Song Jijun,Zhang Xiaoxing,et al.The design analysis of1000kV AC UHV metal-oxide surge arresters with porcelain housings[J].Electric Power Standardization&Construction Cost Control Information,2006,13(2):13-16(in Chinese).
[18]车文俊,张晓星,千叶智基,等.1000kV瓷外套金属氧化物避雷器的抗地震设计[J].电力设备,2007,8(9):19-23.Che Wenjun,Zhang Xiaoxing,Tomoki Chiba,et al.Anti-seismic design of1000kV porcelain-clad metal oxide lightning arrester[J].Electrical Equiment,2007,8(9):19-23(in Chinese).
[19]车文俊.CIGRE33/14.05《高压直流换流站无间隙金属氧化物避雷器使用导则》介绍[J].电力设备,2005,6(10):59-62.Che Wenjun.Introduction to CIGRE33/14.05“service guide for non-gap metal oxide lightning arrester in HVDC converter station"[J].Electrical Equipment,2005,6(10):59-62(in Chinese).
[20]车文俊,李凡.高压直流金属氧化物避雷器国产化的关键技术及现状[J].电瓷避雷器,2005(205):29-31.Che Wenjun,Li Fan.Key techniques and actuality of high voltage DC metal oxide arresters[J].Insulators and Surge Arresters,2005(205):29-31(in Chinese)
[2]戴熙杰.直流输电[M].北京:水利电力出版社,1982:1-12.
[3]常浩,樊纪超.特高压直流输电系统成套设计及国产化[J].电网技术,2006,30(16):1-5.Chang Hao,Fan Jichao.System design and its localization of UHVDC transmission project[J].Power System Technology,2006,30(16):1-5(in Chinese).
[4]刘振亚.特高压直流输电技术研究成果专辑(2005年)[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2006:1-20.
[5]舒印彪.中国直流输电的现状及展望[M].高电压技术,2004,30(11):1-2,20.Shu Yinbiao.Present status and prospect of HVDC transmission in China[J].High Voltage Engineering,2004,30(11):1-2,20(in Chinese).
[6]袁清云.特高压直流输电技术现状及在我国的应用前景[J].电网技术,2005,29(14):1-3.Yuan Qingyun.Present state and application prospect of ultra HVDC transmission in China[J].Power System Technology,2005,29(14):1-3(in Chinese).
[7]吴维韩,何金良.金属氧化物非线性电阻特性和应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1998:86-89.
[8]车文俊,宋继军,张晓星,等.1000kV交流特高压GIS型和瓷套型金属氧化物避雷器的研发[J].电力设备,2007,8(4):14-18.Che Wenjun,Song Jijun,Zhang Xiaoxing,et al.The research and manufacture of1000kV A.C UHV metal-oxide surge arresters on GIS and with porcelain housings[J].Electrical Equipment,2007,8(4):14-18(in Chinese).
[9]中国电力科学研究院,电科院东芝避雷器有限公司.荆门—沪西±500千伏直流输电工程阀避雷器技术协议[R].北京:中国电力科学研究院,2009.
[10]中国电力科学研究院,电科院东芝避雷器有限公司.西北(宁东)—华北(山东)±660千伏直流输电工程阀避雷器技术协议[R].北京:中国电力科学研究院,2009.
[11]车文俊,千叶智基,张晓星,等.1000kV瓷外套金属氧化物避雷器的电位分布研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2009,29(22):53-57.Che Wenjun,Tomoki Chiba,Zhang Xiaoxing,et al.Research on potential distribution characteristics of1000kV porcelain housed metal oxide surge arrester[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2009,29(22):53-57(in English).
[12]西安电瓷研究所.GB11032—2000交流无间隙金属氧化物避雷器[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2000.
[13]车文俊.1000kV特高压避雷器型式试验方法的探讨[J].电力技术,2008,15(4):15-17.Che Wenjun.Discussion of1000kV UHV arrester type tests[J].Electric Power Technology,2008,15(4):15-17(in Chinese).
[14]西安电瓷研究所,中国电力科学研究院,西安高压电器研究所,等.GB/T22389—2008高压直流换流站无间隙金属氧化物避雷器导则[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2009.
[15]北京网联直流工程技术有限公司,中南电力设计院,电科院东芝避雷器有限公司.葛洲坝—南桥改造工程设备改造采购技术协议[R].北京:北京网联直流工程技术有限公司,2009.
[16]国家电网公司.宁东—山东±660千伏直流输电工程直流场设备招标文件(直流极线避雷器)[R].北京:国家电网公司,2009.
[17]车文俊,宋继军,张晓星,等.1000kV交流特高压瓷外套金属氧化物避雷器的结构分析[J].电力标准化与技术经济,2006,13(2):13-16.Che Wenjun,Song Jijun,Zhang Xiaoxing,et al.The design analysis of1000kV AC UHV metal-oxide surge arresters with porcelain housings[J].Electric Power Standardization&Construction Cost Control Information,2006,13(2):13-16(in Chinese).
[18]车文俊,张晓星,千叶智基,等.1000kV瓷外套金属氧化物避雷器的抗地震设计[J].电力设备,2007,8(9):19-23.Che Wenjun,Zhang Xiaoxing,Tomoki Chiba,et al.Anti-seismic design of1000kV porcelain-clad metal oxide lightning arrester[J].Electrical Equiment,2007,8(9):19-23(in Chinese).
[19]车文俊.CIGRE33/14.05《高压直流换流站无间隙金属氧化物避雷器使用导则》介绍[J].电力设备,2005,6(10):59-62.Che Wenjun.Introduction to CIGRE33/14.05“service guide for non-gap metal oxide lightning arrester in HVDC converter station"[J].Electrical Equipment,2005,6(10):59-62(in Chinese).
[20]车文俊,李凡.高压直流金属氧化物避雷器国产化的关键技术及现状[J].电瓷避雷器,2005(205):29-31.Che Wenjun,Li Fan.Key techniques and actuality of high voltage DC metal oxide arresters[J].Insulators and Surge Arresters,2005(205):29-31(in Chinese)
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