长垣油田地震资料各向异性时差分析与校正
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摘要
在方位各向异性介质中地震波沿不同方位的传播速度存在差异,会引起宽方位地震资料CDP道集内的道间时差,处理技术无法消除这一时差,必须寻找有效而适用的解决办法,以提高地震成像精度和分辨率。为了满足长垣油田开发后期剩余油挖潜精细地质研究对地震资料的品质要求,基于长垣油田高密度三维三分量(3D3C)地震实验区数据,分析了引起方位各向异性的地质原因,研究了地震资料中方位各向异性的表现特征。通过实际地震资料分析可知,该区快波速度方位约在NE67°,与现代主应力场方向及沉积物源方向一致,在CDP道集内方位各向异性时差约为10 ms,且各向异性强度和方向随深度而变化。进一步研究并试验了模型道相关法时差校正技术,以层剥离方式消除不同沉积时期的方位各向异性时差。通过最终成像效果对比可见,方位各向异性时差校正可提高地震数据成像品质,有利于小断层识别与薄砂体描述。
The velocity varies with different azimuths as seismic wave travels through anisotropy media,which leads azimuth time delays among seismic traces in wide azimuth seismic data survey.Conventional methods for seismic data processing can not remove this kind of time delay.For high image quality and higher resolution of seismic data,new approaches must be probed to satisfy residual oil developing research in high water-cut stage.Based on the 3D seismic data with high density collection in Changyuan oilfield,the causations were firstly analyzed in this paper,and the characteristics of anisotropy media in real seismic data have been presented.The seismic data reveals that the azimuth of fast wave is around NE67°,which is consistent with modern stress field azimuth and also consistent with deposit material origin orientation.In NMO-ed CDP gather,the amount of azimuth time delay is about 10 ms,and its amplitude and orientation are variable as the depth increasing.The cross-correlation approach based on seismic model trace to correct azimuth time delay has been proposed,and the strategy of layer stripping was implemented to remove azimuth time delay in different depth levels.The final imaging data presents higher quality that is helpful for fault identification and sandstone description.
The velocity varies with different azimuths as seismic wave travels through anisotropy media,which leads azimuth time delays among seismic traces in wide azimuth seismic data survey.Conventional methods for seismic data processing can not remove this kind of time delay.For high image quality and higher resolution of seismic data,new approaches must be probed to satisfy residual oil developing research in high water-cut stage.Based on the 3D seismic data with high density collection in Changyuan oilfield,the causations were firstly analyzed in this paper,and the characteristics of anisotropy media in real seismic data have been presented.The seismic data reveals that the azimuth of fast wave is around NE67°,which is consistent with modern stress field azimuth and also consistent with deposit material origin orientation.In NMO-ed CDP gather,the amount of azimuth time delay is about 10 ms,and its amplitude and orientation are variable as the depth increasing.The cross-correlation approach based on seismic model trace to correct azimuth time delay has been proposed,and the strategy of layer stripping was implemented to remove azimuth time delay in different depth levels.The final imaging data presents higher quality that is helpful for fault identification and sandstone description.
引文
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[18]Thomsen L.Reflection seismology over azimuthally anisotropic media[J].Geophysics,1988,53(3):304-313.
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[20]Grechka V,Tsvankin I.3-D moveout velocity analysis and parameter estimation for orthorhombic media[J].Geophysics,1999,64(3):820-837.
[21]黄跃,马昭军,甘其刚,等.基于HTI介质理论的纵波速度分析方法[J].成都理工大学学报:自然科学版,2011,38(4):476-480.Huang Yue,Ma Zhaojun.Gan Qigang,et al.P-wave velocity analysis method based on the HTI media theory[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Technology:Science&Technology Edition,2011,38(4):476-480.
[22]高瑞琪,蔡希源.松辽盆地油气田形成条件和分布规律[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1997:5-26.GaoRuiqi.Cai Xiyuan.The oil and gas fields formation conditions and distribution of Songliao Basin[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1997:5-26.
[23]侯启军,冯志强,冯子辉,等.松辽盆地陆相石油地质学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2009:99-1 01.Hou Qijun.Feng Zhiqiang,Feng Zihui,et al.Terrestrial petroleum geology of Songliao Basin[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2009:99-101.
[24]赵邦六.多分量地震勘探技术理论与实践[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2007:27-34.Zhao Bangliu.Multi-component seismic exploration technology theory and practice[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2007:27-34.
[25]隋军,吕晓光.大庆油田河流-三角洲相储层研究[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2001:56-70.Sui Jun,LXiaoguang.River-delta face reservoir study of Daqing oilfield[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2001:56-70.
[26]万天丰.中国大地构造学[M].北京:地质出版社,2011:226-232.Wan Tianfeng.Geotectonic of China[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2011:226-232.
[27]陈志德,蒙启安,万天丰,等.松辽盆地古龙凹陷构造应力场弹一塑性增量法数值模拟[J].地学前缘,2002,9(2):483-491.Chen Zhide.Meng Qi'an,Wan Tianfeng,et al.Numerical simulation of techonic tress field in Gulong depression in Songliao Basin using elastic-plastic increment method[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2002,9(2):483-491.
[28]Wan Tianfeng.The tectonics of China:data,map and evolution[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2011,265-272.
[29]Tsvankin I.Anisotropic parameters and P-wave velocity for orthorhombic media[J].Geophysics,1997,62(4):1292-1309.
[30]Jenner E,Williams M,Davis T.A new method for azimuthal velocity analysis and application to a 3D survey,Weyburn field,Saskatchewan,Canada[M]//Society of Exploration Geophysicists.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2001,Tulsa:Society of Exploration Geophysicists,2001:102-105.
[31]Jenner E.Combining VTI and HTI anisotropy in prestack time migration:workflow and data examples[J].The Leading Edge,2011,30(7),732-739
[32]Wojslaw R,Stein J.Orthorhombic HTI+VTI wide azimuth prestack time migrations[M]//Society of Exploration Geophysicists.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2010,Tulsa:Society of Exploration Geophysicists,2010:292-296.
[2]李庆忠.走向精确勘探的道路[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1993:43-44.Li Qingzhong.The way to obtain a better resolution in seismic processing[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1993:43-44.
[3]黄伏生,赵云飞,方亮.喇嘛甸油田厚油层精细控水挖潜技术[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2009,28(5):106-111.Huang Fusheng,Zhao Yunfei,Fang Liang.Study on techniques for fine water control and further development of thick reservoirs in Lamadian oilfield[J].Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Development in Daqing,2009,28(5):106-111.
[41凌云,郭向宇,孙祥娥,等.地震勘探中的各向异性影响问题研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(4):606-623.Ling Yun.Guo Xiangyu.Sun Xiang'e.et al.Studies on the influence of anisotropy in seismic exploration[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2010,45(4):606-623
[5]Yilmaz O.Seismic data analysis:Volume 1[M].Tulsa:SEG,2001:336-369.
[6]Gassmann F.Elastic waves through a packing of spheres[J].Geophysics,1951,16(4):673-685.
[7]White J E.Computed waveforms in transversely isotropic media[J].Geophysics,1982,47(5),771-783.
[8]Ricker N.The form and laws of propagation of seismic wavelets[J].Geophysics,1953,18(1).10-40
[9]Postma G W.Wave propagation in a stratified medium[J].Geophysics,1955,20(4):780-806
[10]Berryman J G.Long wave elastic anisotropy in transversely isotropic media[J].Geophysics,1979,44(5):896-917.
[11]Crampin S.Shear wave polarizations:a plea for three component recording[M]//Society of Exploration Geophysicists.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1983,Tulsa:Society of Exploration Geophysicists,1983:425-428.
[12]Helbig K..Anisotropy and dispersion in periodically layered media[J].Geophysics,1984,49(4),364-373.
[13]Thomsen L.Weak elastic anisotropy[J].Geophysics,1986,51(10):1954-1966.
[14]Alkhalifah T,Tsvankin I.Velocity analysis for transversely isotropic media[J].Geophysics,1995,60(5):1550-1566.
[15]Helbig K.Elliptical anisotropy:its significance and meaning[J].Geophysics,1983,48(7):825-832.
[16]Van der Baan M,Kendall J.Traveltime and conversion-point computations and parameter estimation in layered,anisotropic media by v-p transform[J].Geophysics,2003,68(1):210-224.
[17]魏周拓,范宜仁,陈雪莲.横波各向异性在裂缝和应力分析中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2012,27(1):217-224.Wei Zhoutuo,Fan Yiren,Chen Xuelian.Application of shear wave anisotropy in fractures and in-situ stress analysis[J].Progress in Geophysics,2012,27(1):217-224.
[18]Thomsen L.Reflection seismology over azimuthally anisotropic media[J].Geophysics,1988,53(3):304-313.
[19]Al-Dajani A.Tsvankinz I.Nonhyperbolic reflection moveout for horizontal transverse isotropy[J].Geophysics,1998,63(5);1738-1753.
[20]Grechka V,Tsvankin I.3-D moveout velocity analysis and parameter estimation for orthorhombic media[J].Geophysics,1999,64(3):820-837.
[21]黄跃,马昭军,甘其刚,等.基于HTI介质理论的纵波速度分析方法[J].成都理工大学学报:自然科学版,2011,38(4):476-480.Huang Yue,Ma Zhaojun.Gan Qigang,et al.P-wave velocity analysis method based on the HTI media theory[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Technology:Science&Technology Edition,2011,38(4):476-480.
[22]高瑞琪,蔡希源.松辽盆地油气田形成条件和分布规律[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1997:5-26.GaoRuiqi.Cai Xiyuan.The oil and gas fields formation conditions and distribution of Songliao Basin[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1997:5-26.
[23]侯启军,冯志强,冯子辉,等.松辽盆地陆相石油地质学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2009:99-1 01.Hou Qijun.Feng Zhiqiang,Feng Zihui,et al.Terrestrial petroleum geology of Songliao Basin[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2009:99-101.
[24]赵邦六.多分量地震勘探技术理论与实践[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2007:27-34.Zhao Bangliu.Multi-component seismic exploration technology theory and practice[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2007:27-34.
[25]隋军,吕晓光.大庆油田河流-三角洲相储层研究[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2001:56-70.Sui Jun,LXiaoguang.River-delta face reservoir study of Daqing oilfield[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2001:56-70.
[26]万天丰.中国大地构造学[M].北京:地质出版社,2011:226-232.Wan Tianfeng.Geotectonic of China[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2011:226-232.
[27]陈志德,蒙启安,万天丰,等.松辽盆地古龙凹陷构造应力场弹一塑性增量法数值模拟[J].地学前缘,2002,9(2):483-491.Chen Zhide.Meng Qi'an,Wan Tianfeng,et al.Numerical simulation of techonic tress field in Gulong depression in Songliao Basin using elastic-plastic increment method[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2002,9(2):483-491.
[28]Wan Tianfeng.The tectonics of China:data,map and evolution[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2011,265-272.
[29]Tsvankin I.Anisotropic parameters and P-wave velocity for orthorhombic media[J].Geophysics,1997,62(4):1292-1309.
[30]Jenner E,Williams M,Davis T.A new method for azimuthal velocity analysis and application to a 3D survey,Weyburn field,Saskatchewan,Canada[M]//Society of Exploration Geophysicists.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2001,Tulsa:Society of Exploration Geophysicists,2001:102-105.
[31]Jenner E.Combining VTI and HTI anisotropy in prestack time migration:workflow and data examples[J].The Leading Edge,2011,30(7),732-739
[32]Wojslaw R,Stein J.Orthorhombic HTI+VTI wide azimuth prestack time migrations[M]//Society of Exploration Geophysicists.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2010,Tulsa:Society of Exploration Geophysicists,2010:292-296.
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