基于分形模型的遥感灰度异常提取研究:以黑龙江多宝山地区铁染异常提取为例
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摘要
分形的特征是标度不变性,即在一定的尺度范围内表现出统计的自相似性。在地质现象中,自相似性非常普遍,如:构造的形态、矿床的分布、岩石中元素的含量等。蚀变围岩在一定程度上反映或指示着矿床的分布,蚀变岩石与正常围岩在矿物组分、化学成分和岩石组合上都有所不同。在遥感图像上,上述蚀变特征表现为不同的色调和纹理等,即图像像元亮度的差异。本文用主成分分析法计算出反映铁染异常的主分量,用分形模型确定该分量灰度异常的阈值,将求得的铁染异常与航磁数据、重力数据和已知矿点进行对比分析,发现提取的铁染异常与断裂构造、已知矿点比较吻合。
Fractal is characterized by scale invariance which means a self-similarity statistically in a certain range of scales.Self-similarity is very common in geological phenomena,such as structural shape,deposit distribution,and element content of rock.To some extent,altered wall rocks can reflect or indicate distribution of deposits,which differ from normal wall rock in mineral component,chemical element and rock assemblage.These alteration characteristics are different from tone and texture in remote sensing images,which are reflected by the brightness of image pixels.In this work,taking the Duobaoshan district as an example,the component reflecting iron anomalies is calculated by principal component analysis and the threshold of anomaly gray is determined by a fractal model.Then we compare the iron anomalies,△T contours,Bouguer gravity anomaly contours and known deposits.The result shows that the extracted iron anomalies are consistent with the faults and known ore deposits.
Fractal is characterized by scale invariance which means a self-similarity statistically in a certain range of scales.Self-similarity is very common in geological phenomena,such as structural shape,deposit distribution,and element content of rock.To some extent,altered wall rocks can reflect or indicate distribution of deposits,which differ from normal wall rock in mineral component,chemical element and rock assemblage.These alteration characteristics are different from tone and texture in remote sensing images,which are reflected by the brightness of image pixels.In this work,taking the Duobaoshan district as an example,the component reflecting iron anomalies is calculated by principal component analysis and the threshold of anomaly gray is determined by a fractal model.Then we compare the iron anomalies,△T contours,Bouguer gravity anomaly contours and known deposits.The result shows that the extracted iron anomalies are consistent with the faults and known ore deposits.
引文
Chen Yong,Chen Ling.1998.Fractal geometry[M].Beijing:Seismologi-cal Press:3-4(in Chinese)
Cheng Yu-qi.1994.Introduction of regional geology in China[M].Bei-jing:Geological Publishing House:75-79(in Chinese)
Deng Jun.1994.Researching the relationship between faults zoning andalteration mineralization zoning in Zhaoye district Shandong Province[J].Mineral Deposits,13(Supplement):17-19(in Chinese)
Feng Jian-xing.2008.Distribution character of sulfur isotope in theDuobaoshan copper deposit[J].Geology and Exploration,44(1):46-49(in Chinese with English abstract)
Fu Wen-jie.2008.The study of alteration mineralization information ex-traction from TM remote sensing data[J].Geology of Chemical Min-erals,30(1):53-56(in Chinese with abstract)
Han Zhen-xin,Xu Yan-qiang,Zheng Qing-dao.2004.The mineroge-netic series and evolution of metal and non-metallic deposit in Hei-longjiang[M].Harbin:Heilongjiang People’s Publishing House:1-241(in Chinese with English abstract)
Huang Zhao-qiang,Li Xiang-qiang.2009.Extraction of alteration a-nomalies based on ASTER and ETM+data:a case study of Tsedangorefield,Tibet[J].Geology and Exploration,45(5):606-611(inChinese with English abstract)
Li Chang-jiang,Ma Tu-hua,Zhu Xing-sheng,Hu Yong-he,ZhaoNai-liang.1999.Fractal,chaos and ANN in mineral exploration[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House:24-30(in Chinesewith English abstract)
Lu Feng-jun,Xing Li-xin,Fan Ji-zhang,Pan Jun,Meng Tao,HeQuan-jun.2006.Extracting alteration information of remote sensingbased on alteration information field[J].Geology and Exploration,42(2):65-68(in Chinese with English abstract)
Shen Wei.2002.Fractal and chaos with application in mineral resourceprediction[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House:8-10,46-48(in Chinese with English abstract)
Yao Zhi-qiang.1995.Searching large-scale porphyry copper deposit inDuobaoshan and its adjacent Heilongjiang Province[R]:1-387(inChinese)
Yin Zhuo,Yang Xing-ke,Zhang Guo-zhu.2009.Fractal characteristicsof ore-controlling faults of typical deposits in Jiujiang-Ruichangarea,Jiangxi Province[J].Geology and Exploration,45(5):558-562(in Chinese with English abstract)
Zhang Xiao-can,Huang Zhi-cai,Zhao Yuan-hong.1997.Remotesensing digital image processing[M].Hangzhou:Zhejiang Universi-ty Press:20-24(in Chinese)
Zhang Yu-jun,Yang Jian-min,Chen Wei.2002.A study of the methodfor extraction of alteration anomalies from the ETM+(TM)data andits application:geologic basis and spectral precondition[J].RemoteSensing for Land&Resources,(4):30-36(in Chinese with Eng-lish abstract)
Zhang Yu-jun,Yang Jian-min,Chen Wei.2003.The methods for ex-traction of alteration anomalies from the ETM+(TM)data and theirapplication:method selection and technological flow chart[J].Re-mote Sensing for Land&Resources,(2):44-50(in Chinese withEnglish abstract)
Zhao Guang-jiang.2007.Control of structure framework evolution overthe copper gold metallogenic focus area in Duobaoshan[D].Beijing:China University of Geosciences(Beijing):16-43(in China withEnglish abstract)
陈颙,陈凌.1998.分形几何学[M].北京:地震出版社:3-4
程裕淇.1994.中国区域地质概论[M].北京:地质出版社:75-79
邓军.1994.山东招掖金矿带断裂构造分带与蚀变矿化分带关系研究[J].矿床地质,13(增刊):17-19
冯健行.2008.多宝山铜矿硫同位素空间分布特征[J].地质与勘探,44(1):46-49
傅文杰.2008.TM遥感影像矿化蚀变信息提取方法研究[J].化工矿产地质,30(1):53-56
韩振新,徐衍强,郑庆道.2004.黑龙江省重要金属和非金属矿产的矿床成矿系列及其演化[M].哈尔滨:黑龙江人民出版社:1-241
黄照强,李祥强.2009.基于ASTER和ETM+数据的蚀变信息提取比较研究:以西藏泽当矿田为例[J].地质与勘探,45(5):606-611
李长江,麻土华,朱兴盛等.1999.矿产勘查中的分形、混沌与ANN[M].北京:地质出版社:24-30
吕凤军,邢立新,范继璋,潘军,孟涛,何全军.2006.基于蚀变信息场的遥感蚀变信息提取[J].地质与勘探,42(2):65-68
申维.2002.分形混沌与矿产预测[M].北京:地质出版社:8-10,46-48
姚志强.1995.黑龙江省多宝山及其邻区寻找大型斑岩铜矿的研究[R]:1-387
殷卓,杨兴科,张国柱.2009.江西九瑞地区典型矿床控矿断裂的分形特征研究[J].地质与勘探,45(5):558-562
章孝灿,黄智才,赵元洪.1997.遥感数字图像处理[M].杭州:浙江大学出版社:20-24
张玉君,杨建民,陈薇.2002.ETM+(TM)蚀变遥感异常提取方法研究与应用:地质依据和波谱前提[J].国土资源遥感,(4):30-36
张玉君,曾朝铭,陈薇.2003.ETM+(TM)蚀变遥感异常提取方法研究与应用:方法选择和技术流程[J].国土资源遥感,(2):44-50
赵广江.2007.多宝山矿集区构造演化及其对铜金成矿的控制作用[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京):16-43
Cheng Yu-qi.1994.Introduction of regional geology in China[M].Bei-jing:Geological Publishing House:75-79(in Chinese)
Deng Jun.1994.Researching the relationship between faults zoning andalteration mineralization zoning in Zhaoye district Shandong Province[J].Mineral Deposits,13(Supplement):17-19(in Chinese)
Feng Jian-xing.2008.Distribution character of sulfur isotope in theDuobaoshan copper deposit[J].Geology and Exploration,44(1):46-49(in Chinese with English abstract)
Fu Wen-jie.2008.The study of alteration mineralization information ex-traction from TM remote sensing data[J].Geology of Chemical Min-erals,30(1):53-56(in Chinese with abstract)
Han Zhen-xin,Xu Yan-qiang,Zheng Qing-dao.2004.The mineroge-netic series and evolution of metal and non-metallic deposit in Hei-longjiang[M].Harbin:Heilongjiang People’s Publishing House:1-241(in Chinese with English abstract)
Huang Zhao-qiang,Li Xiang-qiang.2009.Extraction of alteration a-nomalies based on ASTER and ETM+data:a case study of Tsedangorefield,Tibet[J].Geology and Exploration,45(5):606-611(inChinese with English abstract)
Li Chang-jiang,Ma Tu-hua,Zhu Xing-sheng,Hu Yong-he,ZhaoNai-liang.1999.Fractal,chaos and ANN in mineral exploration[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House:24-30(in Chinesewith English abstract)
Lu Feng-jun,Xing Li-xin,Fan Ji-zhang,Pan Jun,Meng Tao,HeQuan-jun.2006.Extracting alteration information of remote sensingbased on alteration information field[J].Geology and Exploration,42(2):65-68(in Chinese with English abstract)
Shen Wei.2002.Fractal and chaos with application in mineral resourceprediction[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House:8-10,46-48(in Chinese with English abstract)
Yao Zhi-qiang.1995.Searching large-scale porphyry copper deposit inDuobaoshan and its adjacent Heilongjiang Province[R]:1-387(inChinese)
Yin Zhuo,Yang Xing-ke,Zhang Guo-zhu.2009.Fractal characteristicsof ore-controlling faults of typical deposits in Jiujiang-Ruichangarea,Jiangxi Province[J].Geology and Exploration,45(5):558-562(in Chinese with English abstract)
Zhang Xiao-can,Huang Zhi-cai,Zhao Yuan-hong.1997.Remotesensing digital image processing[M].Hangzhou:Zhejiang Universi-ty Press:20-24(in Chinese)
Zhang Yu-jun,Yang Jian-min,Chen Wei.2002.A study of the methodfor extraction of alteration anomalies from the ETM+(TM)data andits application:geologic basis and spectral precondition[J].RemoteSensing for Land&Resources,(4):30-36(in Chinese with Eng-lish abstract)
Zhang Yu-jun,Yang Jian-min,Chen Wei.2003.The methods for ex-traction of alteration anomalies from the ETM+(TM)data and theirapplication:method selection and technological flow chart[J].Re-mote Sensing for Land&Resources,(2):44-50(in Chinese withEnglish abstract)
Zhao Guang-jiang.2007.Control of structure framework evolution overthe copper gold metallogenic focus area in Duobaoshan[D].Beijing:China University of Geosciences(Beijing):16-43(in China withEnglish abstract)
陈颙,陈凌.1998.分形几何学[M].北京:地震出版社:3-4
程裕淇.1994.中国区域地质概论[M].北京:地质出版社:75-79
邓军.1994.山东招掖金矿带断裂构造分带与蚀变矿化分带关系研究[J].矿床地质,13(增刊):17-19
冯健行.2008.多宝山铜矿硫同位素空间分布特征[J].地质与勘探,44(1):46-49
傅文杰.2008.TM遥感影像矿化蚀变信息提取方法研究[J].化工矿产地质,30(1):53-56
韩振新,徐衍强,郑庆道.2004.黑龙江省重要金属和非金属矿产的矿床成矿系列及其演化[M].哈尔滨:黑龙江人民出版社:1-241
黄照强,李祥强.2009.基于ASTER和ETM+数据的蚀变信息提取比较研究:以西藏泽当矿田为例[J].地质与勘探,45(5):606-611
李长江,麻土华,朱兴盛等.1999.矿产勘查中的分形、混沌与ANN[M].北京:地质出版社:24-30
吕凤军,邢立新,范继璋,潘军,孟涛,何全军.2006.基于蚀变信息场的遥感蚀变信息提取[J].地质与勘探,42(2):65-68
申维.2002.分形混沌与矿产预测[M].北京:地质出版社:8-10,46-48
姚志强.1995.黑龙江省多宝山及其邻区寻找大型斑岩铜矿的研究[R]:1-387
殷卓,杨兴科,张国柱.2009.江西九瑞地区典型矿床控矿断裂的分形特征研究[J].地质与勘探,45(5):558-562
章孝灿,黄智才,赵元洪.1997.遥感数字图像处理[M].杭州:浙江大学出版社:20-24
张玉君,杨建民,陈薇.2002.ETM+(TM)蚀变遥感异常提取方法研究与应用:地质依据和波谱前提[J].国土资源遥感,(4):30-36
张玉君,曾朝铭,陈薇.2003.ETM+(TM)蚀变遥感异常提取方法研究与应用:方法选择和技术流程[J].国土资源遥感,(2):44-50
赵广江.2007.多宝山矿集区构造演化及其对铜金成矿的控制作用[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京):16-43
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