雷暴冲击风作用下地面风压分布特征
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摘要
提出了雷暴冲击风作用下地面风压分布的简便计算公式.以圆柱体计算流域模拟雷暴冲击风场,采用大涡模拟(LES)方法结合壁面射流模型对雷暴冲击风场进行了数值模拟,获得了雷暴冲击风从初始喷射到流场稳定的发展过程.射流前沿有一水平涡环,随着时间的推移而冲向地面,然后沿径向远离中心而去.分析得到了雷暴冲击风作用下地面的风压系数时程和时均风压系数,以及不同时刻的风速剖面.风速剖面与理论结果吻合良好,验证了方法的可靠性.仿真结果表明,雷暴冲击风场中心处压力系数最大,压力系数随着径向坐标的增大而减小,提出的公式能够很好地表达雷暴冲击风作用下地面处风压的分布特征.
A simplified formula for the pressure distribution of downbursts is proposed.Using impinging jet model,large eddy simulations were carried out in a cylindrical domain with uniform jet profiles and proper boundary conditions.The time evolution of wind field of a downburst is obtained: there is a level vortex ring at the front of the jet,rushing towards the ground and then radically leaving from the center.Velocity profiles of a downburst were studied,and the results are compared with the data obtained from empirical models.The simulations show that the pressure coefficient reaches maximum at the center of thunderstorm downburst;it decreases as radial coordinate increases.The wind pressure distribution on ground under impingement of downbursts can be expressed very well by the proposed formula.
A simplified formula for the pressure distribution of downbursts is proposed.Using impinging jet model,large eddy simulations were carried out in a cylindrical domain with uniform jet profiles and proper boundary conditions.The time evolution of wind field of a downburst is obtained: there is a level vortex ring at the front of the jet,rushing towards the ground and then radically leaving from the center.Velocity profiles of a downburst were studied,and the results are compared with the data obtained from empirical models.The simulations show that the pressure coefficient reaches maximum at the center of thunderstorm downburst;it decreases as radial coordinate increases.The wind pressure distribution on ground under impingement of downbursts can be expressed very well by the proposed formula.
引文
[1]Tang Z,Lu L Y.A square cylinder and a hemispherecylinder in dow nbursts[C]//Proceedings of the SecondInternational Symposium on Advances in Urban Safety.Kobe,Japan,2010:83-90.
[2]孙凌峰,郭学良,孙立潭,等.武汉“6.22”空难下击暴流的三维数值模拟研究[J].大气科学,2003,27(6):1077-1092.Sun Lingfeng,Guo Xueliang,Sun Litan,et al.A nu-merical study of the airplane disaster-producing micro-burst on 22 June 2000 in Wuhan[J].Chinese Journalof Atmospheric Sciences,2003,27(6):1077-1092.(in Chinese)
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[5]Sengupta A,Sarkar P P.Experimental measurementand numerical simulation of an impinging jet w ith appli-cation to thunderstorm microburst w inds[J].Journal ofWind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics,2008,96(3):345-365.
[6]Chay M T,Letchford C W.Pressure distributions on acube in a simulated thunderstorm dow nburst—Part A:stationary dow nburst observations[J].Journal of WindEngineering and Industrial Aerodynamic,2002,90(7):711-732.
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[8]Kim J,Hangan H.Numerical simulations of impingingjets w ith application to dow nbursts[J].Journal ofWind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics,2007,95(4):279-298.
[9]Mason M S,Wood G S,Fletcher D F.Numerical in-vestigation of the influence of topography on simulateddow nburst w ind fields[J].Journal of Wind Engineeringand Industrial Aerodynamics,2010,98(1):21-33.
[10]Mason M S,Wood G S,Fletcher D F.Numericalsimulation of dow nburst w inds[J].Journal of WindEngineering and Industrial Aerodynamics,2009,97(11):523-539.
[11]McConville A C.The physical simulation of thunder-storm dow nbursts using an impinging jet[J].Windand Structure,2009,12(2):133-149.
[12]赵杨,曹曙阳,Yukio Tamura,等.雷暴冲击风模拟及其荷载的风洞试验研究[J].振动与冲击,2009,28(4):1-5.Zhao Yang,Cao Shuyang,Yukio Tamura,et al.Sim-ulation of dow nburst and its loads w ith w ind tunnel test[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2009,28(4):1-5.(in Chinese)
[13]瞿伟廉,吉柏锋,李健群,等.下击暴流风的数值仿真研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2008,28(5):133-139.Qu Weilian,Ji Baifeng,Li Jianqun,et al.The studyon numerical simulation of dow nburst w ind[J].Jour-nal of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibra-tion,2008,28(5):133-139.(in Chinese)
[14]陈勇,彭志伟,楼文娟,等.冲击风稳态流场CFD模拟及三维风速经验模型研究[J].计算力学学报,2010,27(3):428-434.Chen Yong,Peng Zhiwei,Lou Wenjuan,et al.CFDsimulations of steady downbursts and 3D wind velocityempirical models[J].Chinese Journal of Computation-al Mechanics,2010,27(3):428-434.(in Chinese)
[15]汤卓,吕令毅,李萍,等.高耸异型烟囱横风向气动参数CFD模拟[J].振动与冲击,2009,28(10):137-140.Tang Zhuo,LüLingyi,Li Ping,et al.CFD simula-tion for across-w ind aerodynamic parameters of special-shaped tall chimney[J].Journal of Vibration andShock,2009,28(10):137-140.(in Chinese)
[2]孙凌峰,郭学良,孙立潭,等.武汉“6.22”空难下击暴流的三维数值模拟研究[J].大气科学,2003,27(6):1077-1092.Sun Lingfeng,Guo Xueliang,Sun Litan,et al.A nu-merical study of the airplane disaster-producing micro-burst on 22 June 2000 in Wuhan[J].Chinese Journalof Atmospheric Sciences,2003,27(6):1077-1092.(in Chinese)
[3]Holmes J D,Oliver S E.An empirical model of adow nburst[J].Engineering Structures,2000,22(9):1167-1172.
[4]Wood G S,Kwok K C S,Motteram N A.et al.Physi-cal and numerical modeling of thunderstorm dow nbursts[J].Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aero-dynamics,2001,89(6):535-552.
[5]Sengupta A,Sarkar P P.Experimental measurementand numerical simulation of an impinging jet w ith appli-cation to thunderstorm microburst w inds[J].Journal ofWind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics,2008,96(3):345-365.
[6]Chay M T,Letchford C W.Pressure distributions on acube in a simulated thunderstorm dow nburst—Part A:stationary dow nburst observations[J].Journal of WindEngineering and Industrial Aerodynamic,2002,90(7):711-732.
[7]Chen L,Letchford C W.Numerical simulation of ex-treme w inds from thunderstorm dow nbursts[J].Jour-nal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics,2007,95(9/10/11):977-990.
[8]Kim J,Hangan H.Numerical simulations of impingingjets w ith application to dow nbursts[J].Journal ofWind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics,2007,95(4):279-298.
[9]Mason M S,Wood G S,Fletcher D F.Numerical in-vestigation of the influence of topography on simulateddow nburst w ind fields[J].Journal of Wind Engineeringand Industrial Aerodynamics,2010,98(1):21-33.
[10]Mason M S,Wood G S,Fletcher D F.Numericalsimulation of dow nburst w inds[J].Journal of WindEngineering and Industrial Aerodynamics,2009,97(11):523-539.
[11]McConville A C.The physical simulation of thunder-storm dow nbursts using an impinging jet[J].Windand Structure,2009,12(2):133-149.
[12]赵杨,曹曙阳,Yukio Tamura,等.雷暴冲击风模拟及其荷载的风洞试验研究[J].振动与冲击,2009,28(4):1-5.Zhao Yang,Cao Shuyang,Yukio Tamura,et al.Sim-ulation of dow nburst and its loads w ith w ind tunnel test[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2009,28(4):1-5.(in Chinese)
[13]瞿伟廉,吉柏锋,李健群,等.下击暴流风的数值仿真研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2008,28(5):133-139.Qu Weilian,Ji Baifeng,Li Jianqun,et al.The studyon numerical simulation of dow nburst w ind[J].Jour-nal of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibra-tion,2008,28(5):133-139.(in Chinese)
[14]陈勇,彭志伟,楼文娟,等.冲击风稳态流场CFD模拟及三维风速经验模型研究[J].计算力学学报,2010,27(3):428-434.Chen Yong,Peng Zhiwei,Lou Wenjuan,et al.CFDsimulations of steady downbursts and 3D wind velocityempirical models[J].Chinese Journal of Computation-al Mechanics,2010,27(3):428-434.(in Chinese)
[15]汤卓,吕令毅,李萍,等.高耸异型烟囱横风向气动参数CFD模拟[J].振动与冲击,2009,28(10):137-140.Tang Zhuo,LüLingyi,Li Ping,et al.CFD simula-tion for across-w ind aerodynamic parameters of special-shaped tall chimney[J].Journal of Vibration andShock,2009,28(10):137-140.(in Chinese)
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