爆生气体作用机理及岩体裂纹扩展分析
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摘要
分析了不同装药结构条件下的爆生气体初始压力及气体压力随堵塞物位移的变化规律,从牛顿第二定律入手推导出了堵塞物长度与堵塞物在爆生气体压力作用下运动时间的关系式,然后采用BCM模型对岩体裂纹扩展进行分析,定义裂纹从孔壁沿着最小抵抗线方向扩展到自由面所用的时间为岩体破碎时间,令堵塞物在炮孔中运动时间等于岩体破碎时间,建立了计算堵塞物最佳长度的理论模型,该模型综合考虑了爆生气体压力作用下堵塞物的运动和裂纹扩展导致岩体破碎这两方面。最后将理论计算值与经验值和试验值进行了对比分析,理论计算值与经验值和试验值吻合较好,证明了理论模型具有一定的可靠性。
Blasting gas effect and rock crack growth have an important influence on rock breaking.The initial pressure of blasting gas under different dynamite installation structures and gas pressure's variation with the displacement of stemming material are analyzed,from Newton's second law the relationship of stemming material's length and the time that it movements in hole under blasting gas pressure effect is derived.The rock crack growth is analyzed by using BCM model,the time that crack grows from hole wall to free surface along minimal resistance line is defined as rock breaking time,let the rock breaking time equal to movement time of stemming material in the hole,the calculation model for calculating stemming material optimal length is established.The model considers two aspects,which are the stemming material movement under blasting gas pressure effect and crack growth leading to rock breaking.The theoretical value is compared with empirical value and experimental value,and theoretical value is close to empirical value and experimental value,so the theoretical model has a definite reliability and can provide theoretical guidance for blasting engineering.
Blasting gas effect and rock crack growth have an important influence on rock breaking.The initial pressure of blasting gas under different dynamite installation structures and gas pressure's variation with the displacement of stemming material are analyzed,from Newton's second law the relationship of stemming material's length and the time that it movements in hole under blasting gas pressure effect is derived.The rock crack growth is analyzed by using BCM model,the time that crack grows from hole wall to free surface along minimal resistance line is defined as rock breaking time,let the rock breaking time equal to movement time of stemming material in the hole,the calculation model for calculating stemming material optimal length is established.The model considers two aspects,which are the stemming material movement under blasting gas pressure effect and crack growth leading to rock breaking.The theoretical value is compared with empirical value and experimental value,and theoretical value is close to empirical value and experimental value,so the theoretical model has a definite reliability and can provide theoretical guidance for blasting engineering.
引文
[1]徐颖,孟益平,程玉生.装药不耦合系数对爆破裂纹控制的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(12):1843-1847.XU YING,MENG YI-PING,CHENG YU-SHENG.Study on control of blastcrack by decoupling chargeindex[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics andEngineering,2002,21(12):1843-1847.
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[7]UYSAL O,ARPAZ E,BERBER M.Studies on theeffect of burden width on blast-induced vibration inopen-pitmines[J].Environmental Geology,2007,53(3):643-650.
[8]戴俊.岩石动力学特性与爆破理论[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2002.
[9]吴亮,卢文波,宗琦.岩石中柱状装药爆炸能量分布[J].岩土力学,2006,27(5):735-739.WU LIANG,LU WEN-BO,ZONG QI.Distribution ofexplosive energy consumed by column charge inrock[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2006,27(5):68-75.
[10]林大能,胡伟,彭刚.爆炸挤压成腔中的不耦合效应研究[J].煤炭学报,2002,27(2):144-147.LIN DA-NENG,HU WEI,PENG GANG.Study ofdecoupling effect in the form of underground spacecompacted by explosion[J].Journal of China CoalSociety,2002,27(2):144-147.
[11]林英松,张宝康,蒋金宝,等.爆生气体作用下孔壁岩石开裂的机理及影响因素研究[J].石油钻探技术,2008,36(3):50-54.LIN YING-SONG,ZHANG BAO-KANG,JIANG JIN-BAO,et al.Mechanism and influencing factors on radial fracturescracking and propagation under exploding gas[J].PetroleumDrilling Technioues,2008,36(3):50-54.
[12]林英松,孙丰成,丁雁生,等.损伤对爆生气体作用下孔壁岩石开裂规律的影响[J].石油钻探技术,2007,35(4):25-27.LIN YING-SONG,SUN FENG-CHENG,DING YAN-SHENG,et al.Effects of damages on gas-driven radialfracture induced by blasting within a cavity[J].Petroleum Drilling Technioues,2007,35(4):25-27.
[13]DING H,ZHENG Z M.Source model of blastingvibration[J].Science in China:Series E,2002,45(4):395-407.
[14]WU X B.Test and analysis of attenuation of blasti-ngvibration at hillside field near coast[J].JournalofVibration,Measurement and Diagnosis,2009,29(2):187-191.
[15]YAN C B,XU G Y,ZUO Y J.Destabilization analysisof overlapping underground chambers induced byblasting vibration with catastrophe theory[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2006,16(3):735-740.
[2]罗勇,沈兆武.钻孔爆破中炮孔堵塞效果及堵塞长度的研究[J].力学与实践,2006,28(2):48-52.LUO YONG,SHEN ZHAO-WU.Investigation onlength of stemming material and its effect in hole-charged blasting[J].Mechanics in Engineering,2006,28(2):48-52.
[3]阳生权.爆破地震累积效应理论和应用初步研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2002.
[4]张奇.工程爆破动力学分析及其应用[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1997:107-110.
[5]SHU G C,YONG L,YAN B L,et al.Effectivenessanalysis of methane-drainage by deep-hole controlledpre-splitting blasting for preventing coal and gasoutburst[J].Journal of Coal Science and Engineering:China,2009,15(2):166-170.
[6]LUO Y,CUI X Y,SHEN Z W.Application study oncontrolled blasting technology with shaped charge inrock mass[J].Chinese Quarterly of Mechanics,2007,28(2):234-239.
[7]UYSAL O,ARPAZ E,BERBER M.Studies on theeffect of burden width on blast-induced vibration inopen-pitmines[J].Environmental Geology,2007,53(3):643-650.
[8]戴俊.岩石动力学特性与爆破理论[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2002.
[9]吴亮,卢文波,宗琦.岩石中柱状装药爆炸能量分布[J].岩土力学,2006,27(5):735-739.WU LIANG,LU WEN-BO,ZONG QI.Distribution ofexplosive energy consumed by column charge inrock[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2006,27(5):68-75.
[10]林大能,胡伟,彭刚.爆炸挤压成腔中的不耦合效应研究[J].煤炭学报,2002,27(2):144-147.LIN DA-NENG,HU WEI,PENG GANG.Study ofdecoupling effect in the form of underground spacecompacted by explosion[J].Journal of China CoalSociety,2002,27(2):144-147.
[11]林英松,张宝康,蒋金宝,等.爆生气体作用下孔壁岩石开裂的机理及影响因素研究[J].石油钻探技术,2008,36(3):50-54.LIN YING-SONG,ZHANG BAO-KANG,JIANG JIN-BAO,et al.Mechanism and influencing factors on radial fracturescracking and propagation under exploding gas[J].PetroleumDrilling Technioues,2008,36(3):50-54.
[12]林英松,孙丰成,丁雁生,等.损伤对爆生气体作用下孔壁岩石开裂规律的影响[J].石油钻探技术,2007,35(4):25-27.LIN YING-SONG,SUN FENG-CHENG,DING YAN-SHENG,et al.Effects of damages on gas-driven radialfracture induced by blasting within a cavity[J].Petroleum Drilling Technioues,2007,35(4):25-27.
[13]DING H,ZHENG Z M.Source model of blastingvibration[J].Science in China:Series E,2002,45(4):395-407.
[14]WU X B.Test and analysis of attenuation of blasti-ngvibration at hillside field near coast[J].JournalofVibration,Measurement and Diagnosis,2009,29(2):187-191.
[15]YAN C B,XU G Y,ZUO Y J.Destabilization analysisof overlapping underground chambers induced byblasting vibration with catastrophe theory[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2006,16(3):735-740.
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