中国木结构古建筑的概念设计思想
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摘要
依据现有的工程设计及抗震理念,对木结构古建筑中所蕴含的概念设计思想进行了分析.结果表明:结构的平面布局具有规则性、对称性及均匀性,可减小因体型不规则而产生的不利扭转效应;竖向结构布置对高宽比做了限制,使结构具有良好的抗倾覆性;柱与础石的平置浮搁式连接、铺作层的设置以及节点的榫卯连接方式共同构成了一个具有多重隔震、减震结构层次的木构架结构体系;柱架系统中柱列生起、侧脚的构造作法以及柱间斜撑的设置,提高了结构的整体性、稳定性和抗震能力;抬梁式屋架系统为"替力梁架",在相同荷载、相同跨度情况下可大大减小截面尺寸,是对结构受力及选材的综合考虑.
Based on the existing engineering design and anti-seismic concepts,the conceptual design thoughts implied in the ancient timber buildings were analyzed.Conclusions achieved are as follows: As the planar layout of the structure is regular,symmetrical and uniform,the adverse torsional effects due to irregular layout can be avoided.Height-width ratio in the elevation is restricted to resist overturning of the whole structural body.The floating connection between posts and plinths,the Dou-gon layers(bracket sets) and the mortise-tenon joint constitute a timber-frame system with multiple vibration-isolated and shock-absorbed structural arrangement.The constructional measures such as Sheng-qi and Ce-jiao of columns,the installation of diagonal braces between columns may improve the structural integrity,stability and aseismic capacity greatly.The design of post-and-lintel beam is a method used for saving materials.
Based on the existing engineering design and anti-seismic concepts,the conceptual design thoughts implied in the ancient timber buildings were analyzed.Conclusions achieved are as follows: As the planar layout of the structure is regular,symmetrical and uniform,the adverse torsional effects due to irregular layout can be avoided.Height-width ratio in the elevation is restricted to resist overturning of the whole structural body.The floating connection between posts and plinths,the Dou-gon layers(bracket sets) and the mortise-tenon joint constitute a timber-frame system with multiple vibration-isolated and shock-absorbed structural arrangement.The constructional measures such as Sheng-qi and Ce-jiao of columns,the installation of diagonal braces between columns may improve the structural integrity,stability and aseismic capacity greatly.The design of post-and-lintel beam is a method used for saving materials.
引文
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[2]张鹏程,赵鸿铁.中国古代建筑抗震[M].北京:地震出版社,2007.ZHANG Peng-cheng,ZHAO Hong-tie.Earthquake resistance in Chinese ancient buildings[M].Beijing:Earth-quake Press,2007.
[3]王天.古代大木作静力初探[M].北京:文物出版社,1992.WANG Tian.Initial Exploration on statics of ancient carpentry work[M].Beijing:Antique Press,1992.
[4]赵鸿铁,张海彦,薛建阳,等.古建筑木结构燕尾榫节点刚度分析[J].西安建筑科技大学学报:自然科学版,2009,41(4):450-454.ZHAO Hong-tie,ZHANG Hai-yan,XUE Jian-yang,et al.The stiffness analysis on the characteristic of mortise-tenonjoint in historical ti mber buildings[J].J.Xi′an Univ.of Arch.&Tech.:Natural Science Edition,2009,41(4):450-454.
[5]隋.中国古代木构耗能减震机理与动力特性分析[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2009.SUI Yan.Analysis on energy dissipation mechanismand dynamic characteristic for Chinese ancient ti mber buildings[D].Xi′an:Xi′an University of Architecture&Technology,2009.
[6]薛建阳,赵鸿铁,张鹏程.中国古建筑木结构模型的振动台试验研究[J].土木工程学报,2004,37(6):6-11.XUE Jian-yang,ZHAO Hong-tie,ZHANG Peng-cheng.Study on the seismic behaviors of Chinese ancient woodenbuilding by shaking table test[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2004,37(6):6-11.
[7]SUI Yan,ZHAO Hong-tie,XUEJian-yang,et al.Experi mental research on the lateral stiffness of ancient woodenDougong[J].J.Xi′an Univ.of Arch.&Tech:Natural Science Edition,2009,41(5):668-671.
[8]ARNOLD Christopher,REITHERMAN Robert.Building configuration and seismic design[M].New York:JohnWiley,Sons,Inc,1982.
[9]叶列平,程光煜,陆新征,等.论结构抗震的鲁棒性[J].建筑结构,2008,38(6):11-15.YIE Lie-ping,CHENG Guang-yu,LU Xin-zheng,et al.Introduction of robustness for seismic structures[J].Build-ing Structure,2008,38(6):11-15.
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