单轴压缩条件下岩石声发射特性的实验研究
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摘要
利用MTS岩石力学试验系统和PAC声发射信号采集系统,研究了砂岩在单轴压缩条件下应力-应变全过程的声发射特征以及加载速率对其的影响。获得了岩石轴向应力与轴向应变、横向应变、体应变之间的关系曲线,以及全应力-纵向应变过程曲线中4个阶段的声发射特征;在初始压密和弹性阶段,声发射撞击数少、能量低、振幅小、无事件数产生;在应变硬化阶段,撞击数骤增、能量高、振幅大、有大量事件数产生;在应变软化阶段撞击数骤减、能量低、振幅小、有事件产生。由于岩石每个变形阶段具有不同的声发射特征,因此,可用声发射来表征岩石的微观损伤演化和预测现场工程岩体的宏观断裂失稳过程。另外,随着加载速率的提高,岩石裂纹扩展速率会加快,损伤加大,从而产生更多的声发射;但峰值处释放能量的最大值呈递减趋势,产生强烈声发射的应变值变小。
All characteristics of acoustic emission in the procedure of rock stress-strain and effect of loading rates were studied experimentally under uniaxial compression by using PAC acoustic emission acquisition system and MTS equipment.The relationship of axial stress with axial strain,transverse strain and volume strain of rock,as well as the characteristics of acoustic emission at four stages of the stress-strain curve were obtained.In initial consolidation and elastic phase,it is found out that hits seldom happens,energy keeps low,amplitude is small and no event is produced.In strain hardening phase,hits instantly increases,energy go up,amplitude enhanced and events happen.In strain softening phase hits decrease,energy became low,amplitude went back small and events happen.Due to the differences among acoustic emission characteristics in individual rock-transforming phases,acoustic emission method can be used to study micro-damage evolvement and predict macro-destabilization of engineering rock mass on spot.The failure damage evolution rule of sandstone under the different loading rates is studied based on the acoustic emission characteristics.The increase of loading rate can promote the rate of crack extension and damage,so there are more AE counts.But,intense AE events being,the energy release at the peak place and strain value decrease.
All characteristics of acoustic emission in the procedure of rock stress-strain and effect of loading rates were studied experimentally under uniaxial compression by using PAC acoustic emission acquisition system and MTS equipment.The relationship of axial stress with axial strain,transverse strain and volume strain of rock,as well as the characteristics of acoustic emission at four stages of the stress-strain curve were obtained.In initial consolidation and elastic phase,it is found out that hits seldom happens,energy keeps low,amplitude is small and no event is produced.In strain hardening phase,hits instantly increases,energy go up,amplitude enhanced and events happen.In strain softening phase hits decrease,energy became low,amplitude went back small and events happen.Due to the differences among acoustic emission characteristics in individual rock-transforming phases,acoustic emission method can be used to study micro-damage evolvement and predict macro-destabilization of engineering rock mass on spot.The failure damage evolution rule of sandstone under the different loading rates is studied based on the acoustic emission characteristics.The increase of loading rate can promote the rate of crack extension and damage,so there are more AE counts.But,intense AE events being,the energy release at the peak place and strain value decrease.
引文
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[16]姜永东,鲜学福,尹光志,等.岩石应力应变全过程的声发射及分形与混沌特征[J].岩土力学,2010,31(8):2 413-2 417.Jiang Yongdong,Xian Xuefu,Yin Guangzhi,et al.Acoustic emis-sion,fractal and chaos characters in rock stress-strain procedure[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(8):2 413-2 417.
[2]王恩元,何学秋,李忠辉,等.煤岩电磁辐射技术及其应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2009.
[3]Blake W.Microseismic applications for mining:a practical guide[R].Washington:Bureau of Mines,1982.
[4]腾山邦久.声发射(AE)技术的应用[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1997.
[5]Lockner D A,Byerlee J D,Kuksenko V,et al.Quasi-static faultgrowth and shear fracture energy in granite[J].Nature,1991,350(7):39-42.
[6]Lockner D A.The role of emission in the study of rock failure[J].Int.J.Rock Mech.Min.Sci.&Geomech.Abstr.,1993,30(7):883-899.
[7]秦跃平,孙文标,王磊.岩石损伤力学模型分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(5):702-705.Qin Yueping,Sun Wenbiao,Wang Lei.Analysis on damage mechan-ics model of rock[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engi-neering,2003,22(5):702-705.
[8]蔡美峰,来兴平.复合坚硬岩石巷道塌陷段监控的研究与应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(3):391-394.Cai Meifeng,Lai Xingping.Study and application of monitoring forsubsiding area in a composite hard rock roadway[J].Chinese Jour-nal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(3):391-394.
[9]赵向东,陈波,姜福兴.微地震工程应用研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(S2):2 609-2 612.Zhao Xiangdong,Chen Bo,Jiang Fuxing.Study of micro-seismic en-gineering applications[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics andEngineering,2002,21(S2):2 609-2 612.
[10]许迎年,徐文胜,王元汉,等.岩爆模拟试验及岩爆机理研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(10):1 462-1 466.Xu Yingnian,Xu Wensheng,Wang Yuanhan,et al.Simulation tes-ting and mechanism studies on rockburst[J].Chinese Journal ofRock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(10):1 462-1 466.
[11]周小平,张永兴.大厂铜坑矿细脉带岩石结构面直剪实验中声发射特性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(5):724-727.Zhou Xiaoping,Zhang Yongxing.Study on the property of acousticemission straight shearing test of rock joint in Dachang TongkengMine[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(5):724-727.
[12]中华人民共和国行业标准编写组.SL264-2001水利水电工程岩石试验规程[S].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2001.
[13]姜永东,鲜学福,许江.砂岩单轴三轴压缩试验研究[J].中国矿业,2004,13(4):66-69.Jiang Yongdong,Xian Xuefu,Xu Jiang.A research on sandstoneuniaxial and triaxial compression tests[J].China Mining,2004,13(4):66-69.
[14]费鸿禄,徐小荷,唐春安.突变理论研究单轴加载失稳与实验验证[J].中国矿业,1995,4(3):53-57.Fei Honglu,Xu Xiaohe,Tang Chun’an.Application of catastrophetheory on unstable failure of rock and experimental verification[J].China Mining,1995,4(3):53-57.
[15]蔡美峰,何满潮,刘东燕.岩石力学与工程[M].北京:科学出版社,2002.
[16]姜永东,鲜学福,尹光志,等.岩石应力应变全过程的声发射及分形与混沌特征[J].岩土力学,2010,31(8):2 413-2 417.Jiang Yongdong,Xian Xuefu,Yin Guangzhi,et al.Acoustic emis-sion,fractal and chaos characters in rock stress-strain procedure[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(8):2 413-2 417.
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