采掘活动与矿震关系
摘要
以抚顺老虎台煤矿和甘肃华亭煤田为工程背景,基于长时间和高精度矿震观测与采矿作业数据分析,从采掘活动与发生矿震的定量关系,探索采掘扰动对岩体动力响应的调制作用。根据24 h的时间秩序中矿震活动与采矿作业关系的规律,区分出采矿直接相关型和间接相关型矿震。发现连续采动对矿震活动具有累积效应,由此可评价卸压解危的效果和范围,并可据此合理调整作业流程,降低矿震活动水平。发现减扰降震效果与开采深度成反比,深部采掘扰动岩体动力响应具有延迟衰减效应。在华亭煤矿特定采矿技术条件下,相隔210 m采空工作面的2个工作面,相向采、掘时采煤工作面对掘进工作面岩体动力响应的最大影响距离为450 m,相背采、掘时的最大影响距离可达750 m,推测较大的影响距离与厚层坚硬基本顶和留设的20 m宽煤柱有关。
With the engineering background of Fushun Laohutai Coal Mine and Gansu Huating Coal Field,the quantitative relationship between mining activities and rock-burst was studied to research the influence on the dynamic response of rocks by mining disturbance based on the high-precision mine seismic monitoring over the long time and analysis of mine operation data.According to the relation between the mining-induced seismicity activities in 24 hours and mining work regularity,the mining-induced seismicities that are directly and indirectly correlated to mining activities were distinguished.It is found that the continuous mining has a cumulative effect to mining-induced seismicity,which can be used to evaluate the effect and the range of relieving stress,and adjust operation procedure reasonably to reduce rock-burst activities level.It is considered that the effect of reduce rock-burst activities level has the inverse ratio with mining depth,the dynamic response of rocks has delay-attenuation effect in deep mining.In the condition of Huating Coal Mine,the two working faces are separated by a 210 m goaf,the maximum affect distance of the dynamic response of rocks is 450 m in case of the opposite mining between mining and heading faces,and that is 750 m in case of back-to-back mining,which can be speculated that the biggish affect distance is connected with the thick-bedded and rigid basic roof and coal pillar of 20 m.
With the engineering background of Fushun Laohutai Coal Mine and Gansu Huating Coal Field,the quantitative relationship between mining activities and rock-burst was studied to research the influence on the dynamic response of rocks by mining disturbance based on the high-precision mine seismic monitoring over the long time and analysis of mine operation data.According to the relation between the mining-induced seismicity activities in 24 hours and mining work regularity,the mining-induced seismicities that are directly and indirectly correlated to mining activities were distinguished.It is found that the continuous mining has a cumulative effect to mining-induced seismicity,which can be used to evaluate the effect and the range of relieving stress,and adjust operation procedure reasonably to reduce rock-burst activities level.It is considered that the effect of reduce rock-burst activities level has the inverse ratio with mining depth,the dynamic response of rocks has delay-attenuation effect in deep mining.In the condition of Huating Coal Mine,the two working faces are separated by a 210 m goaf,the maximum affect distance of the dynamic response of rocks is 450 m in case of the opposite mining between mining and heading faces,and that is 750 m in case of back-to-back mining,which can be speculated that the biggish affect distance is connected with the thick-bedded and rigid basic roof and coal pillar of 20 m.
引文
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[15]Li Tie,Chen Shuanghu.The mechanism of the self-similarity of theGutenburg-Richter relation:a km-scale in-situ observational investi-gation[A].RaSiM7(2009):Controlling Seismic Hazard and Sus-tainable Development of Deep Mines[C].New Jersey:RintonPress,1 003-1 010.
[2]Goszcz A.The influence of technological factors on seismic and rock-burst hazards[J].Geophys.Pol.Acad.Sci.,1988,M-10(213):141-153.
[3]Cook N G W.Seismicity associated with mining[J].Engineering Ge-ology,1976,10(2-4):99-122.
[4]McGarr A.Seismic moments and volume changes[J].Geophys.Res.,1976,81:1 487-1 494.
[5]Cai M F,Ji H G,Wang J A.Study of the time-space-strength relationfor mining seismicity at Laohutai Coal Mine and its prediction[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics&Mining Sciences,2005,42(1):145-151.
[6]李铁,蔡美峰,蔡明.分层开采煤矿的矿震能量释放模型与能量释放谱[J].煤炭学报,2007,32(12):1 258-1 263.Li Tie,Cai Meifeng,Cai Ming.A rockburst energy release model andenergy release spectrum for coalmines in layered grounds[J].Journalof China Coal Society,2007,32(12):1 258-1 263.
[7]蒋金泉,张开智.综放开采矿震的成因及防治对策[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(S1):3 276-3 282.Jiang Jinquan,Zhang Kaizhi.Cause and control method of mineearthquake in fully mechanized top coal caving mining[J].ChineseJournal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(S1):3 276-3 282.
[8]谢广祥.综放工作面及其围岩宏观应力壳力学特征[J].煤炭学报,2005,30(3):309-313.Xie Guangxiang.Mechanical characteristics of fully mechanized top-coal caving face and surrounding rock stress shell[J].Journal ofChina Coal Society,2005,30(3):309-313.
[9]姜福兴,王平,冯增强,等.复合型厚煤层“震-冲”型动力灾害机理、预测与控制[J].煤炭学报,2009,34(12):1 605-1 609.Jiang Fuxing,Wang Ping,Feng Zengqiang,et al.Mechanism,predic-tion and control of“rock burst induced by shock bump”kind dy-namic accident in composite thickness coal[J].Journal of ChinaCoal Society,2009,34(12):1 605-1 609.
[10]王利,张修峰,姜福兴,等.巨厚覆岩下开采地表沉陷特征及其与采矿灾害的相关性[J].煤炭学报,2009,34(8):1 048-1 051.Wang Li,Zhang Xiufeng,Jiang Fuxing,et al.Correlation of groundsurface subsidence characteristics and mining disasters under superthick over lying strata[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2009,34(8):1 048-1 051.
[11]成云海,姜福兴,程久龙,等.关键层运动诱发矿震的微震探测初步研究[J].煤炭学报,2006,31(3):273-277.Cheng Yunhai,Jiang Fuxing,Cheng Jiulong,et al.The primarystudy on microseismic locating and monitoring technology of shockbump caused by key stratum movemen[J].Journal of China CoalSociety,2006,31(3):273-277.
[12]Gibowicz S J,Kijko A.An introduction to mining seismology[M].California:San Diego,1994.
[13]Gibowicz S J.Keynote lecture:the mechanism of seismic events in-duced by mining a review[A].Faihurst.Rockburst and Seismicityin Mines[C].Rotterdam:A.A.Balkema,1990.
[14]李铁,蔡美峰,蔡明.采矿诱发地震分类的探讨[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(S2):3 679-3 686.Li Tie,Cai Meifeng,Cai Ming.A discussion on the classification ofmining-induced seismicity[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanicsand Engineering,2006,25(S2):3 679-3 686.
[15]Li Tie,Chen Shuanghu.The mechanism of the self-similarity of theGutenburg-Richter relation:a km-scale in-situ observational investi-gation[A].RaSiM7(2009):Controlling Seismic Hazard and Sus-tainable Development of Deep Mines[C].New Jersey:RintonPress,1 003-1 010.
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